The Design Fabrication And In Vivo Testing Of Biopolymer Based Nerve Guidance Scaffolds For Spinal Cord Injury
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The Design Fabrication And In Vivo Testing Of Biopolymer Based Nerve Guidance Scaffolds For Spinal Cord Injury
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Author : Shula Stokols
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
The Design Fabrication And In Vivo Testing Of Biopolymer Based Nerve Guidance Scaffolds For Spinal Cord Injury written by Shula Stokols and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.
Dissertation Abstracts International
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Dissertation Abstracts International written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Dissertations, Academic categories.
The Design And Fabrication Of Novel Polyanhydride Blend Scaffolds For Peripheral Nerve Repair
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Author : Jeremy Griffin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
The Design And Fabrication Of Novel Polyanhydride Blend Scaffolds For Peripheral Nerve Repair written by Jeremy Griffin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Nerves, Peripheral categories.
Implantable biodegradable nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) are promising alternatives to autograft nerve for tissue regeneration. The conduit scaffolds have the potential to align and support regenerating cells and prevent scar formation. Following laceration, natural peripheral nerve regeneration is an inefficient process involving obstructive scar formation and random axon re-growth. A synthetic nerve graft material must be able to: interact favorably with the cellular components of nerve tissue, be strong and pliable, and ideally biodegrade when regeneration is complete, leaving the biological structure intact. This research is directed towards engineering a biodegradable polymer-based NGC. Initial studies included in vitro bioassays and in vivo material evaluation using a novel [alpha] [alpha]'-bis(o-carboxyphenoxy)-p-xylene-based polyanhydride blend NGC material. In vitro cytotoxicity studies with both immortal and primary cells demonstrated that the proposed polyanhydride blend is cytocompatible. Subcutaneous implantation for seven days in rats resulted in an initial fibrin matrix, minimal macrophage presence, and angiogenesis in the surrounding tissues. NGCs fabricated from the proposed polyanhydride blend material prove to serve as favorable biocompatible tissue engineering devices. Subsequent research was focused on developing porous bioactive scaffolds for nerve regeneration. An admixture of polylactide anhydride and a salicylic acid-based poly(anhydride-ester) was fabricated into conduits via a dip-coating technique. The addition of a plasticizer and porogen alleviates brittle mechanical properties and introduces porosity into the biomaterial. Under physiological conditions, the polymer conduit undergoes surface erosion and pH-dependent non-enzymatic hydrolytic bond cleavage. The polymer conduits degrade to release non-steroidal anti-inflammatory active therapeutics for several weeks. The NGCs were fully characterized in preparation for an in vivo study with the mouse femoral nerve model. Lastly, a hollow tissue engineering conduit may be augmented with an interior scaffold to most effectively mimic the native nerve microenvironment and facilitate nerve regeneration. Aligned poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/bioactive-polyanhydride fibrous substrates were fabricated through optimized electrospinning parameters. Neurons and glial cells demonstrated elongated and healthy proliferation in a direction parallel to orientated electrospun fibers with significantly longer outgrowth when compared to randomly orientated fibers. Aligned fiber mats have the potential to supplement the interior lumen of a degradable polymer NGC.
Dna Delivery From Degradable Polymer Scaffolds
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Author : Kevin Jeffrey Whittlesey
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Dna Delivery From Degradable Polymer Scaffolds written by Kevin Jeffrey Whittlesey and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.
Spinal cord injury is a significant clinical challenge for which few treatment options are available. The complex biology of the central nervous system imparts many requirements to an effective therapy, such as reducing scar formation, providing growth factors to stimulate regeneration, and suppressing inhibitory signals. This research project has been focused at developing a combinatorial tissue engineering approach to facilitate nerve regeneration. In the proposed strategy, degradable polymer structures serve as cellular scaffolding and/or nerve guidance material while simultaneously functioning as a gene delivery vehicle to allow local expression of a therapeutic protein. Avoiding viral methods and the associated potential for immune response, this research has employed plasmid DNA that is complexed with a cationic lipid (referred to as lipoplexes) and is released from the FDA-approved degradable polymer poly(lactide-co-glycolide)(PLG). Methods have been established to incorporate lipoplexes into three-dimensional structures, from which they are released for over 50 days, thus constituting the first reported biomaterial-mediated sustained release of lipoplexes. Lipoplexes released from PLG disks retain their transfection activity, verified by the expression of both reporter proteins and biologically active nerve growth factor (NGF) in a variety of in vitro culture systems. Since non-viral methods are inefficient at transfecting neurons, a co-culture system was developed, in which PLG-mediated transfection was used to express NGF in accessory cells, which in turn produced sufficient levels of NGF to promote neurite outgrowth from primary neurons. Lipoplex-releasing PLG disks were shown to be effective for transfection in vivo by intramuscular implantation, producing a significant increase in luciferase expression relative to naked plasmid DNA released from PLG. Lastly, multilumen nerve guidance scaffolds were applied in preliminary studies of three different rat models of spinal cord injury. PLG scaffolds were shown to be capable of good apposition and integration with host spinal cord tissue. This research has set the stage for a novel and highly cross-disciplinary treatment strategy combining the physical benefits of a biocompatible bridging material with the local release of lipoplexes to express neurotrophic factors. This multifold approach offers a highly flexible and integrative method to potentiate regeneration following spinal cord injury.
Encyclopedia Of Biomedical Engineering
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2018-09-01
Encyclopedia Of Biomedical Engineering written by and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-09-01 with Science categories.
Encyclopedia of Biomedical Engineering, Three Volume Set is a unique source for rapidly evolving updates on topics that are at the interface of the biological sciences and engineering. Biomaterials, biomedical devices and techniques play a significant role in improving the quality of health care in the developed world. The book covers an extensive range of topics related to biomedical engineering, including biomaterials, sensors, medical devices, imaging modalities and imaging processing. In addition, applications of biomedical engineering, advances in cardiology, drug delivery, gene therapy, orthopedics, ophthalmology, sensing and tissue engineering are explored. This important reference work serves many groups working at the interface of the biological sciences and engineering, including engineering students, biological science students, clinicians, and industrial researchers. Provides students with a concise description of the technologies at the interface of the biological sciences and engineering Covers all aspects of biomedical engineering, also incorporating perspectives from experts working within the domains of biomedicine, medical engineering, biology, chemistry, physics, electrical engineering, and more Contains reputable, multidisciplinary content from domain experts Presents a ‘one-stop’ resource for access to information written by world-leading scholars in the field
Development Of A Multi Functional Biopolymer Scaffold For Neural Tissue Engineering
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Author : Nicola Louise Francis
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Development Of A Multi Functional Biopolymer Scaffold For Neural Tissue Engineering written by Nicola Louise Francis and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Biomedical engineering categories.
Advisor: Margaret A. Wheatley.
Porous Polymeric Bioresorbable Scaffolds For Tissue Engineering
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Author : Chiara Gualandi
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-04-07
Porous Polymeric Bioresorbable Scaffolds For Tissue Engineering written by Chiara Gualandi and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-04-07 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The development and application of bioactive nano-structured constructs for tissue regeneration is the focus of the research summarised in this thesis. Moreover, a particular focus is the rational use of supercritical carbon dioxide foaming and electrospinning technologies which can lead to innovative polymeric bioresorbable scaffolds made of hydrolysable (both commercial and ‘ad-hoc’ synthesized) polyesters. Mainly, the author discusses the manipulation of polymer chemical structure and composition to tune scaffold physical properties, and optimization of scaffold 3D architecture by a smart use of both fabrication techniques. The multidisciplinary nature of this research is imperative in pursuing the challenge of tissue regeneration successfully. One of the strengths of this thesis is the integration of knowledge from chemistry, physics, engineering, materials science and biomedical science which has contributed to setting up new national and international collaborations, while strengthening existing ones.
New Materials And Scaffold Fabrication Method For Nerve Tissue Engineering
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Author : Christiane Bacolor Gumera
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
New Materials And Scaffold Fabrication Method For Nerve Tissue Engineering written by Christiane Bacolor Gumera and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Nerve tissue categories.
Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that regulates neurite branching, induces neurite outgrowth, and synapse formation. Because of its various roles in neuronal activities, acetylcholine-based materials may also be useful in nerve repair. We present a series of biodegradable polymers with varying concentrations of acetylcholine-like motifs. We hypothesize that neurite sprouting and extension can be enhanced by using materials to present biochemical and physical cues. Acetylcholine-like motifs were incorporated by the polycondensation of diglycidyl sebacate, aminoethyl acetate, and leucine ethyl ester, which permitted control over acetylcholine motif concentration. Interactions between the polymers and neurons were characterized using rat dorsal root ganglia explants (DRG). We screened the potential application of these materials in nerve tissue engineering using the following criteria: 1) neurite sprouting, 2) neurite length, and 3) distribution of the neurite lengths. The ability of DRG to sprout neurites was influenced by the concentration of acetylcholine motifs of the polymer. Addition of acetylcholine receptor antagonists to DRG cultured on the polymers significantly decreased neurite sprouting, suggesting acetylcholine receptors mediate sprouting on the polymers. Future studies may examine how neurons on acetylcholine-based polymers exhibit changes in downstream signaling events and cell excitability that are associated with receptor activation. In preparation for testing the acetylcholine-based polymers in vivo, porous scaffolds with longitudinally oriented channels were fabricated using fiber templating and salt leaching. Micro computed tomography, scanning electron microscopy, and cryo-sectioning revealed the presence of longitudinally oriented channels. Channel volume and average pore size of the scaffolds were controlled by the number of fibers and salt fusion time. Future studies may involve testing the effect of acetylcholine-motifs by coating polymers onto such scaffolds or assessing the effect of the scaffold's dimensional properties on nerve regeneration.
Biopolymer Composites In Electronics
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Author : Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2016-09-10
Biopolymer Composites In Electronics written by Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-10 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Biopolymer Composites in Electronics examines the current state-of-the-art in the electronic application based on biopolymer composites. Covering the synthesis, dispersion of fillers, characterization and fabrication of the composite materials, the book will help materials scientists and engineers address the challenges posed by the increased use of biopolymeric materials in electronic applications. The influence of preparation techniques on the generation of micro, meso, and nanoscale fillers, and the effect of filler size and dispersion on various biopolymers are discussed in detail. Applications covered include sensors, actuators, optics, fuel cells, photovoltaics, dielectrics, electromagnetic shielding, piezoelectrics, flexible displays, and microwave absorbers. In addition, characterization techniques are discussed and compared, enabling scientists and engineers to make the correct choice of technique. This book is a ‘one-stop’ reference for researchers, covering the entire state-of-the-art in biopolymer electronics. Written by a collection of expert worldwide contributors from industry, academia, government, and private research institutions, it is an outstanding reference for researchers in the field of biopolymer composites for advanced technologies. Enables researchers to keep up with the rapid development of biopolymer electronics, which offer light, flexible, and more cost-effective alternatives to conventional materials of solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and transistors Includes thorough coverage of the physics and chemistry behind biopolymer composites, helping readers to become rapidly acquainted with the fiel Provides in-depth information on the range of biopolymer applications in electronics, from printed flexible conductors and novel semiconductor components, to intelligent labels, large area displays, and solar panels
Structural Design Fabrication And Evaluation Of Resorbable Fiber Based Tissue Engineering Scaffolds
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Author : Martin W. King
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Structural Design Fabrication And Evaluation Of Resorbable Fiber Based Tissue Engineering Scaffolds written by Martin W. King and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Electronic books categories.
The use of tissue engineering to regenerate viable tissue relies on selecting the appropriate cell line, developing a resorbable scaffold and optimizing the culture conditions including the use of biomolecular cues and sometimes mechanical stimulation. This review of the literature focuses on the required scaffold properties, including the polymer material, the structural design, the total porosity, pore size distribution, mechanical performance, physical integrity in multiphase structures as well as surface morphology, rate of resorption and biocompatibility. The chapter will explain the unique advantages of using textile technologies for tissue engineering scaffold fabrication, and will delineate the differences in design, fabrication and performance of woven, warp and weft knitted, braided, nonwoven and electrospun scaffolds. In addition, it will explain how different types of tissues can be regenerated by each textile technology for a particular clinical application. The use of different synthetic and natural resorbable polymer fibers will be discussed, as well as the need for specialized finishing techniques such as heat setting, cross linking, coating and impregnation, depending on the tissue engineering application.