The Economic Condition Of Black America In The Twentieth Century
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The Economic Condition Of Black America In The Twentieth Century
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Author : Germinal G Van
language : en
Publisher: Independently Published
Release Date : 2020-06-30
The Economic Condition Of Black America In The Twentieth Century written by Germinal G Van and has been published by Independently Published this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-30 with categories.
"The Economic Condition of Black America in the Twentieth Century" is a book of economic history that explains in-depth the economic condition of the African American community in the United States from 1900 to 1999. During the twentieth century, the African American community has unfortunately been one of the most economically lagging communities of the national population of the United States. Racism is undeniably an essential factor that has deleteriously contributed to the impoverishment of the African American community, yet it is not the sole factor. In addition to the racism that has been institutionalized throughout the twentieth century by both political parties; the state itself; which is an organization of institutions, has also egregiously expanded the impoverishment of the African American community by implementing policies that reinforced the criminality of certain acts. The principal objective of this book is to utilize historical and empirical data to substantiate that the use of coercion by the state apparatus has not only impeded the individual rights of African Americans, but it has also decimated them economically.
The Economic Status Of African Americans
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Author : United States. Congress. Joint Economic Committee. Subcommittee on Investment, Jobs, and Prices
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1991
The Economic Status Of African Americans written by United States. Congress. Joint Economic Committee. Subcommittee on Investment, Jobs, and Prices and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with African Americans categories.
Desegregating The Dollar
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Author : Robert E. Weems
language : en
Publisher: NYU Press
Release Date : 1998-02-01
Desegregating The Dollar written by Robert E. Weems and has been published by NYU Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998-02-01 with Social Science categories.
Capitalism and slavery stand as the two economic phenomena that have most clearly defined the United States. Yet, despite African Americans' nearly $500 billion annual spending power, surprisingly little attention has been devoted to the ways U.S. businesses have courted black dollars in post-slavery America. Robert E. Weems, Jr., presents the first fully integrated history of black consumerism over the course of the last century. The World War I era Great Migration of African Americans from the rural South to northern and southern cities stimulated initial corporate interest in blacks as consumers. A generation later, as black urbanization intensified during World War II and its aftermath, the notion of a distinct, profitable African American consumer market gained greater currency. Moreover, black socioeconomic gains resulting from the Civil Rights movement which itself featured such consumer justice protests as the Montgomery Bus Boycott, further enhanced the status and influence of African American shoppers. Unwilling to settle for facile answers, Weems explores the role of black entrepreneurs who promoted the importance of the African American consumer market to U.S. corporations. Their actions, ironically, set the stage for the ongoing destruction of black-owned business. While the extent of educational, employment, and residential desegregation remains debatable, African American consumer dollars have, by any standard, been fully incorporated into the U.S. economy. Desegregating the Dollar takes us through the "blaxploitation" film industry, the vast market for black personal care products, and the insidious exploitation of black urban misery by liquor and cigarette advertisers. Robert E. Weems, Jr., has given us the definitive account of the complicated relationship between African Americans, capitalism, and consumerism.
More Than A Job
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
More Than A Job written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
More Than a Job examines northern, urban black women's pursuits of economic rights during the 20th century. It highlights the experiences of African-American mothers, professional women, welfare recipients, businesswomen, and workingwomen in order to understand the economic issues black women faced and the ways in which these women sought to address them. The dissertation considers black women from the context of their homes, workplaces, the city, state, and federal institutions they accessed, as well as the grassroots and national organizations in which they led and participated. Throughout the 20th century, black women waged an undeniable battle for economic justice that has been minimized by scholar's focus on civil rights and social justice campaigns. This dissertation examines black women's economic agendas and strategies, thereby expanding conversations about civil rights activism to include the ways in which black women agitated for a full range of economic rights including access to jobs, educational training, and state resources as well as the freedom to create, own and lead businesses and participate in the consumer market. Additionally, exploring the urban north through the lens of Milwaukee, Wisconsin provides a great opportunity for understanding the context of black women's economic activism. Milwaukee's black population grew tremendously during the World War II period as African Americans migrated north in search of economic freedom. However, black women experienced an economic depression as the jobs they came in search of failed to materialize. During the post-World War II period, poverty enveloped the rapidly growing black community and black women organizers in Milwaukee kept this reality in the forefront of their struggles as they negotiated a racially, politically, and economically unjust urban terrain. Focusing on Milwaukee underscores the importance of including economic activism when examining movements for justice in the United States.
Collective Courage
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Author : Jessica Gordon Nembhard
language : en
Publisher: Penn State Press
Release Date : 2015-06-13
Collective Courage written by Jessica Gordon Nembhard and has been published by Penn State Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-06-13 with Social Science categories.
In Collective Courage, Jessica Gordon Nembhard chronicles African American cooperative business ownership and its place in the movements for Black civil rights and economic equality. Not since W. E. B. Du Bois’s 1907 Economic Co-operation Among Negro Americans has there been a full-length, nationwide study of African American cooperatives. Collective Courage extends that story into the twenty-first century. Many of the players are well known in the history of the African American experience: Du Bois, A. Philip Randolph and the Ladies' Auxiliary to the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, Nannie Helen Burroughs, Fannie Lou Hamer, Ella Jo Baker, George Schuyler and the Young Negroes’ Co-operative League, the Nation of Islam, and the Black Panther Party. Adding the cooperative movement to Black history results in a retelling of the African American experience, with an increased understanding of African American collective economic agency and grassroots economic organizing. To tell the story, Gordon Nembhard uses a variety of newspapers, period magazines, and journals; co-ops’ articles of incorporation, minutes from annual meetings, newsletters, budgets, and income statements; and scholarly books, memoirs, and biographies. These sources reveal the achievements and challenges of Black co-ops, collective economic action, and social entrepreneurship. Gordon Nembhard finds that African Americans, as well as other people of color and low-income people, have benefitted greatly from cooperative ownership and democratic economic participation throughout the nation’s history.
Places Of Their Own
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Author : Andrew Wiese
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2009-04-24
Places Of Their Own written by Andrew Wiese and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-04-24 with Social Science categories.
On Melbenan Drive just west of Atlanta, sunlight falls onto a long row of well-kept lawns. Two dozen homes line the street; behind them wooden decks and living-room windows open onto vast woodland properties. Residents returning from their jobs steer SUVs into long driveways and emerge from their automobiles. They walk to the front doors of their houses past sculptured bushes and flowers in bloom. For most people, this cozy image of suburbia does not immediately evoke images of African Americans. But as this pioneering work demonstrates, the suburbs have provided a home to black residents in increasing numbers for the past hundred years—in the last two decades alone, the numbers have nearly doubled to just under twelve million. Places of Their Own begins a hundred years ago, painting an austere portrait of the conditions that early black residents found in isolated, poor suburbs. Andrew Wiese insists, however, that they moved there by choice, withstanding racism and poverty through efforts to shape the landscape to their own needs. Turning then to the 1950s, Wiese illuminates key differences between black suburbanization in the North and South. He considers how African Americans in the South bargained for separate areas where they could develop their own neighborhoods, while many of their northern counterparts transgressed racial boundaries, settling in historically white communities. Ultimately, Wiese explores how the civil rights movement emboldened black families to purchase homes in the suburbs with increased vigor, and how the passage of civil rights legislation helped pave the way for today's black middle class. Tracing the precise contours of black migration to the suburbs over the course of the whole last century and across the entire United States, Places of Their Own will be a foundational book for anyone interested in the African American experience or the role of race and class in the making of America's suburbs. Winner of the 2005 John G. Cawelti Book Award from the American Culture Association. Winner of the 2005 Award for Best Book in North American Urban History from the Urban History Association.
From Here To Equality Second Edition
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Author : William A. Darity Jr.
language : en
Publisher: UNC Press Books
Release Date : 2022-07-27
From Here To Equality Second Edition written by William A. Darity Jr. and has been published by UNC Press Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-07-27 with Social Science categories.
Racism and discrimination have choked economic opportunity for African Americans at nearly every turn. At several historic moments, the trajectory of racial inequality could have been altered dramatically. But neither Reconstruction nor the New Deal nor the civil rights struggle led to an economically just and fair nation. Today, systematic inequality persists in the form of housing discrimination, unequal education, police brutality, mass incarceration, employment discrimination, and massive wealth and opportunity gaps. Economic data indicates that for every dollar the average white household holds in wealth the average black household possesses a mere ten cents. This compelling and sharply argued book addresses economic injustices head-on and make the most comprehensive case to date for economic reparations for U.S. descendants of slavery. Using innovative methods that link monetary values to historical wrongs, William Darity Jr. and A. Kirsten Mullen assess the literal and figurative costs of justice denied in the 155 years since the end of the Civil War and offer a detailed roadmap for an effective reparations program, including a substantial payment to each documented U.S. black descendant of slavery. This new edition features a new foreword addressing the latest developments on the local, state, and federal level and considering current prospects for a comprehensive reparations program.
The Cambridge Economic History Of The United States
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Author : Stanley L. Engerman
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1996
The Cambridge Economic History Of The United States written by Stanley L. Engerman and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Business & Economics categories.
This three volume work offers a comprehensive survey of the history of economic activity and economic change in the United States, and in those regions whose economies have at certain times been closely allied to that of the US.
W E B Du Bois S Data Portraits
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Author : The W.E.B. Du Bois Center at the University of Massachusetts Amherst
language : en
Publisher: Chronicle Books
Release Date : 2018-11-06
W E B Du Bois S Data Portraits written by The W.E.B. Du Bois Center at the University of Massachusetts Amherst and has been published by Chronicle Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-11-06 with Social Science categories.
The colorful charts, graphs, and maps presented at the 1900 Paris Exposition by famed sociologist and black rights activist W. E. B. Du Bois offered a view into the lives of black Americans, conveying a literal and figurative representation of "the color line." From advances in education to the lingering effects of slavery, these prophetic infographics —beautiful in design and powerful in content—make visible a wide spectrum of black experience. W. E. B. Du Bois's Data Portraits collects the complete set of graphics in full color for the first time, making their insights and innovations available to a contemporary imagination. As Maria Popova wrote, these data portraits shaped how "Du Bois himself thought about sociology, informing the ideas with which he set the world ablaze three years later in The Souls of Black Folk."
Indiana Blacks In The Twentieth Century
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Author : Emma Lou Thornbrough
language : en
Publisher: Indiana University Press
Release Date : 2000
Indiana Blacks In The Twentieth Century written by Emma Lou Thornbrough and has been published by Indiana University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with History categories.
Indiana Blacks in the Twentieth Century Emma Lou Thornbrough Edited and with a final chapter by Lana Ruegamer Sequel to Thornbroug's early groundbreaking study of African Americans. Indiana Blacks in the Twentieth Century is the long-awaited sequel to Emma Lou Thornbrough's classic study The Negro in Indiana before 1900. In this posthumous volume, Thornbrough (1913-1994), the acknowledged dean of black history in Indiana, chronicles the growth, both in numbers and in power, of African Americans in a northern state that was notable for its antiblack tradition. She shows the effects of the Great Migration of African Americans to Indiana during World War I and World War II to work in war industries, linking the growth of the black community to the increased segregation of the 1920s and demonstrating how World War II marked a turning point in the movement in Indiana to expand the civil rights of African Americans. Indiana Blacks describes the impact of the national civil rights movement on Indiana, as young activists, both black and white, challenged segregation and racial injustice in many aspects of daily life, often in new organizations and with new leaders. The final chapter by Lana Ruegamer explores ways that black identity was affected by new access to education, work, and housing after 1970, demonstrating gains and losses from integration. Emma Lou Thornbrough (1913-1994), the acknowledged expert on Indiana black history, was author of The Negro in Indiana before 1900: A Study of a Minority (1957, reprinted 1993) and Since Emancipation: A Short History of Indiana Negroes, 1863-1963 (1964) and editor of This Far by Faith: Black Hoosier Heritage (1982). Professor of History at Butler University from 1946 to 1983, Thornbrough held the McGregor Chair in History and received the university's highest award, the Butler Medal. Born in Indianapolis, she was educated at Shortridge High School, Butler University, and the University of Michigan (Ph.D., 1946). Lana Ruegamer, editor for the Indiana Historical Society from 1975 to 1984, is author of A History of the Indiana Historical Society, 1830-1980. She taught at Indiana University from 1986 to 1998 and is presently associate editor of the Indiana Magazine of History. Ruegamer won the 1995 Thornbrough prize for best article published in that magazine. Contents Editor's Introduction The Age of Accommodation The Great Migration and the First World War The 1920s: Increased Segregation Depression and New Deal The Second World War Postwar Years: Beginnings of the Civil Rights Movement School Desegregation The Turbulent 1960s Since 1970--Advances and Retreats The Continuing Search for Identity