The Economics Of Quarantine And The Sps Agreement
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The Economics Of Quarantine And The Sps Agreement
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Author : Kym Anderson
language : en
Publisher: University of Adelaide Press
Release Date : 2012
The Economics Of Quarantine And The Sps Agreement written by Kym Anderson and has been published by University of Adelaide Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Business & Economics categories.
The Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations, culminating in the GATT Secretariat being transformed into the World Trade Organization (WTO) on 1 January 1995, has altered forever the process of quarantine policymaking by national governments. On the one hand, WTO member countries retain the right to protect the life and health of their people, plants and animals from the risks of hazards such as pests and diseases arising from the importation of goods. On the other hand, the WTO's Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (the SPS Agreement) requires that quarantine measures be determined in a manner that is transparent, consistent, scientifically based, and the least trade-restrictive. This collection resulted from an international workshop funded and organised by Biosecurity Australia, the agency of government responsible for analysing Australia's quarantine import risks and for negotiating multilateral SPS rules and less restrictive access to overseas markets for Australian produce. The workshop, which was held at the Melbourne Business School on 24-25 October 2000, brought together a distinguished group of applied economists and quarantine policy analysts whose focus involves regions as disparate as Europe, North America, Africa, Asia and New Zealand, in addition to Australia.
The Economics Of Quarantine And The Sps Agreement
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Author : Kym Anderson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020-10-09
The Economics Of Quarantine And The Sps Agreement written by Kym Anderson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-09 with Business & Economics categories.
This collection resulted from an international workshop funded and organised by Biosecurity Australia, the agency of government responsible for analysing Australia's quarantine import risks and for negotiating multilateral SPS rules and less restrictive access to overseas markets for Australian produce. The workshop, which was held at the Melbourne Business School on 24-25 October 2000, brought together a distinguished group of applied economists and quarantine policy analysts whose focus involves regions as disparate as Europe, North America, Africa, Asia and New Zealand, in addition to Australia. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
On The Need For More Economic Assessment Of Quarantine Sps Policies
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Author : Sallie James
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
On The Need For More Economic Assessment Of Quarantine Sps Policies written by Sallie James and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Banana trade categories.
Incorporating Science Economics And Sociology In Developing Sanitary And Phytosanitary Standards In International Trade
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2000-05-31
Incorporating Science Economics And Sociology In Developing Sanitary And Phytosanitary Standards In International Trade written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-05-31 with Medical categories.
The rapid expansion of international trade has brought to the fore issues of conflicting national regulations in the area of plant, animal, and human health. These problems include the concern that regulations designed to protect health can also be used for protection of domestic producers against international competition. At a time when progressive tariff reform has opened up markets and facilitated trade, in part responding to consumer demands for access to a wide choice of products and services at reasonable prices, closer scrutiny of regulatory measures has become increasingly important. At the same time, there are clear differences among countries and cultures as to the types of risk citizens are willing to accept. The activities of this conference were based on the premise that risk analyses (i.e., risk assessment, management, and communication) are not exclusively the domain of the biological and natural sciences; the social sciences play a prominent role in describing how people in different contexts perceive and respond to risks. Any effort to manage sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) issues in international trade must integrate all the sciences to develop practices for risk assessment, management, and communication that recognize international diversity in culture, experience, and institutions. Uniform international standards can help, but no such norms are likely to be acceptable to all countries. Political and administrative structures also differ, causing differences in approaches and outcomes even when basic aims are compatible. Clearly there is considerable room for confusion and mistrust. The issue is how to balance the individual regulatory needs and approaches of countries with the goal of promoting freer trade. This issue arises not only for SPS standards but also in regard to regulations that affect other areas such as environmental quality, working conditions, and the exercise of intellectual property rights. This conference focused on these issues in the specific area of SPS measures. This area includes provisions to protect plant and animal health and life and, more generally, the environment, and regulations that protect humans from foodborne risks. The Society for Risk Analysis defines a risk as the potential for realization of unwanted, adverse consequences to human life, health, property, or the environment; estimation of risk is usually based on the expected value of the conditional probability of the event occurring times the consequence of the event given that it has occurred. The task of this conference and of this report was to elucidate the place of science, culture, politics, and economics in the design and implementation of SPS measures and in their international management. The goal was to explore the critical roles and the limitations of the biological and natural sciences and the social sciences, such as economics, sociology, anthropology, philosophy, and political science in the management of SPS issues and in judging whether particular SPS measures create unacceptable barriers to international trade. The conference's objective also was to consider the elements that would compose a multidisciplinary analytical framework for SPS decision making and needs for future research.
Plant Pest Risk Analysis
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Author : Christina Devorshak
language : en
Publisher: CABI
Release Date : 2012
Plant Pest Risk Analysis written by Christina Devorshak and has been published by CABI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This text provides instruction on the concepts and application of risk analysis in the field of regulatory plant protection, covering topics such as the background on why and how risk analysis is conducted and specific methods for implementing risk analysis. This book also provides useful exercises and case studies to aid students of plant pathology and crop protection in their absorption of the subject. Equally useful for practitioners, this book is written by experts with a wealth of national and international experience.
The Impact Of Regulations On Agro Food Trade The Technical Barriers To Trade Tbt And Sanitary And Phytosanitary Measures Sps Agreements
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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2003-12-22
The Impact Of Regulations On Agro Food Trade The Technical Barriers To Trade Tbt And Sanitary And Phytosanitary Measures Sps Agreements written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-12-22 with categories.
This report examines pertinent issues at the interface between domestic policy objectives, technical regulations and agricultural trade. It also discusses approaches to measuring the trade impacts of food safety and other technical measures.
New Approaches To The Economics Of Plant Health
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Author : Alfons Oude Lansink
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-04-17
New Approaches To The Economics Of Plant Health written by Alfons Oude Lansink and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-04-17 with Business & Economics categories.
The world trade of plants and plant products is gradually increasing in both quantity and variety. Also, as more and more citizens are nowadays travelling to distant destinations, there is an increased risk of unintentionally importing harmful organisms and invasive species. Governments respond to increased phytosanitary risks by imposing trade-restricting measures. However, they are under increasing pressure of the private sector and the World Trade Organization to justify costly and trade-restricting phytosanitary policies. On the other side, current phytosanitary policies are required to account for impacts on the environment. This book presents a number of recent scientific developments regarding the economic analysis of impacts that harmful organisms have on agriculture and the environment, and of measures to control these organisms. It also contains a number of new approaches that integrate economic and epidemiological modelling and economic approaches for measuring these impacts.
Wto And Environment Related International Trade Disputes The Biosecurity And Ecosystem Services Risks
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Author : Robert Fraser
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2019-10-15
Wto And Environment Related International Trade Disputes The Biosecurity And Ecosystem Services Risks written by Robert Fraser and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-15 with Political Science categories.
'This well-written and highly readable book makes a major contribution to advancing our understanding of the contribution that economics can make to analysing the impact of international trade policies for environmental risks … Regardless of the likelihood that the current WTO dispute settlement procedures can be changed in the way suggested by the authors of this book, it is essential reading for those interested in the contribution that economics can make to advancing our understanding of the implications of international trade law for environmental issues.'Journal of Agricultural EconomicsWe live in a world that is increasingly dependent on international trade in a context of substantial regional/national political tensions. Adding to this is an emerging understanding and concern about the social impact of biosecurity and ecosystem services risks associated with such trade. As the key international trade 'arbiter', the World Trade Organization (WTO) has never before faced such complexity within its decision-making remit.With increasing numbers of bilateral and regional agreements, as well as new developments emerging such as the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) initiated by multi-national corporations in 2018, the WTO needs to implement ways of reinforcing its legitimacy and enhancing its relevance.This book provides an original analysis of these linked developments and delivers a timely contribution to resolving environment-related international trade disputes. It provides a clear roadmap for improving WTO trade dispute resolution procedures so both biosecurity and ecosystem services risks are considered in evaluating the social, economic and environmental impacts of international trade proposals. In so doing, the WTO should deliver enhanced multilateral social welfare.
Transitions
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Author : Peter W Newton
language : en
Publisher: CSIRO PUBLISHING
Release Date : 2008-06-27
Transitions written by Peter W Newton and has been published by CSIRO PUBLISHING this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-06-27 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Formidable challenges confront Australia and its human settlements: the mega-metro regions, major and provincial cities, coastal, rural and remote towns. The key drivers of change and major urban vulnerabilities have been identified and principal among them are resource-constraints, such as oil, water, food, skilled labour and materials, and carbon-constraints, linked to climate change and a need to transition to renewable energy, both of which will strongly shape urban development this century. Transitions identifies 21st century challenges to the resilience of Australia’s cities and regions that flow from a range of global and local influences, and offers a portfolio of solutions to these critical problems and vulnerabilities. The solutions will require fundamental transitions in many instances: to our urban infrastructures, to our institutions and how they plan for the future, and perhaps most of all to ourselves in terms of our lifestyles and consumption patterns. With contributions from 92 researchers - all leaders in their respective fields - this book offers the expertise to chart pathways for a sustainability transition.
Global Agricultural Trade And Developing Countries
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Author : M. Ataman Aksoy
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2004-11-01
Global Agricultural Trade And Developing Countries written by M. Ataman Aksoy and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-11-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Global Agricultural Trade and Developing Countries presents research findings based on a series of commodity studies of significant economic importance to developing countries. The book sets the stage with background chapters and investigations of cross-cutting issues. It then describes trade and domestic policy regimes affecting agricultural and food markets, and assesses the resulting patterns of production and trade. The book continues with an analysis of product standards and costs of compliance and their effects on agricultural and food trade. The book also investigates the impact of preferences given to selected countries and their effectiveness, then reviews the evidence on the attempts to decouple agricultural support from agricultural output. The last background chapter explores the robustness of the global gains of multilateral agricultural and food trade liberalization. Given this context, the book presents detailed commodity studies for coffee, cotton, dairy, fruits and vegetables, groundnuts, rice, seafood products, sugar, and wheat. These markets feature distorted policy regimes among industrial or middle-income countries. The studies analyze current policy regimes in key producing and consuming countries, document the magnitude of these distortions and estimate the distributional impacts - winners and losers - of trade and domestic policy reforms. By bringing the key issues and findings together in one place, Global Agricultural Trade and Developing Countries aids policy makers and researchers, both in their approach to global negotiations and in evaluating their domestic policies on agriculture. The book also complements the recently published Agriculture and the WTO, which focuses primarily on the agricultural issues within the context of the WTO negotiations.