The Effects Of Gravity On Self Motion Perception
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The Effects Of Gravity On Self Motion Perception
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Author : Pearl Shaina Guterman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
The Effects Of Gravity On Self Motion Perception written by Pearl Shaina Guterman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Gravity is the most pervasive force that we encounter. For instance, we observe a variety of objects being accelerated toward the Earth by gravity, but we also experience these forces when we are simply stationaryas gravity is a constant accelerationor when we are ourselves in motion, such as when we are locomoting on foot, driving a vehicle, jumping or skiing. It follows that our ability to successfully navigate our environment must somehow take into account the effects of gravity on our body's motion-detecting sensesa dynamic relationship which changes with self-motion and self-orientation. The goal of this dissertation was to investigate how body orientation relative to gravity influences visual-vestibular interactions in visually-induced perception of self-motion (i.e., vection). Specifically, I examined this relationship by placing observers in varied postures and presenting visual displays simulating forward/backward self-motion with vertical/horizontal viewpoint oscillation, that mimics components produced by head-movements in real self-motion. I found that tilting observers reduced vection and the two viewpoint oscillations similarly enhanced vection, suggesting that current postural and oscillation-based vection findings are best explained by ecology. I also examined the influence of scene structure and alignment of the body and visual motion relative to gravity on vection. Observers in different postures viewed simulated translational self-motion displays consisting of either a single rigid structure or dots. The experimental data showed that vection depended on both posture and the perceived interpretation of the visual scene, indicating that self-motion perception is modulated by high-order cognitive processes. I also found that observers reported illusory tilt of the stimulus when they were not upright. I investigated these observer reports of a posture-dependent perceived stimulus tilt by presenting upright and tilted observers with static and motion stimuli that were tilted from the graviational vertical. Postural-dependent tilt effects were found for both these stimuli and were greater for motion experienced as self-motion than external motion. Taken together, the results of this dissertation demonstrate that our perception of self-motion is influenced by gravity, and by prior experiences and internal mental representations of our visual world.
The Effect Of Perceived Self Orientation On The Perception Of Visually Induced Self Motion
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Author : Meaghan Elizabeth McManus
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
The Effect Of Perceived Self Orientation On The Perception Of Visually Induced Self Motion written by Meaghan Elizabeth McManus and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
In certain environments the direction of up indicated by vision and gravity can be in conflict where these directions do not agree. Some people resolve this conflict by relying on their visual cues. In this case, when a participant and the room in which they are sitting are both tilted together, they would feel as if they were standing upright and would experience what is called a Visual Reorientation Illusion (VRI). A VRI on Earth might result from either (1) ignoring the gravity up in favour of the visual up, resulting in a higher visual weighting, or (2) misinterpreting the ambiguous vestibular acceleration cue not as a tilt but as a translation. In Chapter 2, I present evidence that during a VRI individuals require less visual motion to perceive that they have traveled through a specified distance: the move-to-target task. This might result from an enhancement of the visual cue due to a higher visual weighting while down-weighting the conflicting gravity cue, here referred to as my reweighting hypothesis. In Chapter 3, I find that people with VRIs actually have a lower visual weight and higher gravity weight when determining their perceived upright. This suggests that either the reweighting theory is incorrect or that the participants with a higher gravity weight might be more likely to detect, and then reweight, the conflicting visual and vestibular cues. In Chapter 4, I find that when the gravity cue is removed by moving into a 0g environment, initially there is no difference in performance on the move-to-target task compared to on Earth, but after adapting to microgravity and also upon return to 1g, participants need more visual motion to feel they have passed through a specified distance. Chapter 4 provides further evidence that my reweighting theory is incorrect. My research demonstrates that even within the same environment and while viewing the same stimuli, different people can have different interpretations of the environment which are related to changes in behaviour. Specifically, a persons perceived orientation can affect their self-motion perception. The findings are discussed in terms of sensory cue conflict and reweighting, as well as differences between how we perceive visual motion versus how we use it.
The Vestibular System In Cognitive And Memory Processes In Mammals
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Author : Stéphane Besnard
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-02-12
The Vestibular System In Cognitive And Memory Processes In Mammals written by Stéphane Besnard and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-02-12 with Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry categories.
Since the beginning of life, all plant and animal kingdoms have been developed or modified based on gravity along with atmospheric composition and solar radiation existing on Earth. Gravity is mainly encoded by the otolithic sensors of the vestibular system but its role has been largely underestimated in favor of the vestibular semicircular canals and reduced to oculomotor and postural coordination. Over the last decade, it has been demonstrated that sensory information provided by the vestibular system is crucial in spatial-memory processes in rats and humans. More recently a role in attention processes has been raised. This topic aims to report and demonstrate the role and integration of vestibular information in cognitive processes in rodent models and human at the behavioral, imaging and electrophysiological levels.
Tutorials On Motion Perception
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Author : Alexander H. Wertheim
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Tutorials On Motion Perception written by Alexander H. Wertheim and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
From August 24-29, 1980 the international "Symposium on the Study of Motion Perception; Recent Developments and Applications", sponsored by NATO and organized by the editors of this book, was held in Veldhoven, the Netherlands. The meeting was attended by about eighty scholars, including psychologists, neurologists, physicists and other scientists, from fourteen different countries. During the symposium some fifty research papers were presented and a series of tutorial review papers were read and discussed. The research presentations have been published in a special issue of the international journal of psychonomics "Acta Psychologica" (Vol. 48, 1981). The present book is a compilation of the tutorial papers. The tutorials were arranged around early versions of the chapters now appearing in this book. The long discussions at the Veldhoven tutorial sessions resulted in extensive revisions of the texts prior to this publication. Unfortunately this led to a delay in publication, but we feel that this was justified by a greater depth of understanding which, in our opinion, has significantly increased the quality of the book. As they now stand, the chapters cover most of the issues relevant to the study of motion perception. Also they clearly reflect the intensive exchange of knowledge that took place during the symposium. As such we think that this book can be used both as an advanced text for students and scientists alike and as a comprehensive reference source.
Perception And Control Of Self Motion
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Author : Rik Warren
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2014-01-14
Perception And Control Of Self Motion written by Rik Warren and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-14 with Psychology categories.
This book presents studies of self-motion by an international group of basic and applied researchers including biologists, psychologists, comparative physiologists, kinesiologists, aerospace and control engineers, physicians, and physicists. Academia is well represented and accounts for most of the applied research offered. Basic theoretical research is further represented by private research companies and also by government laboratories on both sides of the Atlantic. Researchers and students of biology, psychology, physiology, kinesiology, engineering, and physics who have an interest in self-motion -- whether it be underwater, in space, or on solid ground -- will find this volume of interest. This book presents studies of self-motion by an international group of basic and applied researchers including biologists, psychologists, comparative physiologists, kinesiologists, aerospace and control engineers, physicians, and physicists. Academia is well represented and accounts for most of the applied research offered. Basic theoretical research is further represented by private research companies and also by government laboratories on both sides of the Atlantic. Researchers and students of biology, psychology, physiology, kinesiology, engineering, and physics who have an interest in self-motion -- whether it be underwater, in space, or on solid ground -- will find this volume of interest.
Brains In Space Effects Of Spaceflight On The Human Brain And Behavior Volume Ii
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Author : Raffaella Ricci
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2023-12-20
Brains In Space Effects Of Spaceflight On The Human Brain And Behavior Volume Ii written by Raffaella Ricci and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-12-20 with Medical categories.
Role Of Inner Ear In Self And Environment Perception
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Author : Alexis Bozorg Grayeli
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2020-03-11
Role Of Inner Ear In Self And Environment Perception written by Alexis Bozorg Grayeli and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-11 with categories.
Sensory Cue Integration
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Author : Julia Trommershauser
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2011-09-21
Sensory Cue Integration written by Julia Trommershauser and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-09-21 with Psychology categories.
This book is concerned with sensory cue integration both within and between sensory modalities, and focuses on the emerging way of thinking about cue combination in terms of uncertainty. These probabilistic approaches derive from the realization that our sensors are noisy and moreover are often affected by ambiguity. For example, mechanoreceptor outputs are variable and they cannot distinguish if a perceived force is caused by the weight of an object or by force we are producing ourselves. The probabilistic approaches elaborated in this book aim at formalizing the uncertainty of cues. They describe cue combination as the nervous system's attempt to minimize uncertainty in its estimates and to choose successful actions. Some computational approaches described in the chapters of this book are concerned with the application of such statistical ideas to real-world cue-combination problems. Others ask how uncertainty may be represented in the nervous system and used for cue combination. Importantly, across behavioral, electrophysiological and theoretical approaches, Bayesian statistics is emerging as a common language in which cue-combination problems can be expressed.
Role Of The Vestibular System In The Perception Of Time And Space
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Author : Pierre Denise
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-12-05
Role Of The Vestibular System In The Perception Of Time And Space written by Pierre Denise and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-12-05 with Science categories.
Intrinsic And Induced Biases In Self Motion Perception
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Intrinsic And Induced Biases In Self Motion Perception written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.