The Effects Of Sexual Orientation And Behavioral Style On Perceptions Of Leadership Potential And Effectiveness
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The Effects Of Sexual Orientation And Behavioral Style On Perceptions Of Leadership Potential And Effectiveness
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Author : Kristin Elizabeth Mann
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
The Effects Of Sexual Orientation And Behavioral Style On Perceptions Of Leadership Potential And Effectiveness written by Kristin Elizabeth Mann and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Electronic books categories.
This research explored the influences that sexual orientation and gender norm adherence play in impacting perceptions of a leader's hirability into and evaluation within a leadership role. Though sexual minority issues in the workplace represent a growing field of research, investigations into sexual orientation's impact on outcomes relevant to leadership remain scant. As increasing numbers of openly gay and lesbian men and women take positions of leadership, there is a need for more information regarding the experiences of sexual minority leaders, with potential benefits to these individuals, their organizations, and related stakeholders. The research conducted here was intended to address this gap by investigating the effect of a leader's sexual orientation and adherence to gender role behavioral norms on perceptions of their leadership in both stereotypically masculine and feminine leadership roles. Participants were asked to review and evaluate the qualifications of a male or a female candidate of heterosexual or gay/lesbian sexual orientation for a managerial position in retail sales. This position was described in particularly masculine/agentic or feminine/communal terms. They then viewed the candidate's interview video, with the applicant displaying either an agentic or a communal behavioral style, and subsequently provided an evaluation of his or her effectiveness as a leader. Drawing from both role congruity theory and sexual orientation research, it was hypothesized that discrimination will occur based on the distances between stereotypes of gay men and lesbian women (specifically, that gay men are feminine and lesbian women are masculine), gender role expectations of men and women, and beliefs about a leader role's requirements. It was expected that gay men would be perceived as less hirable into a leadership position than heterosexual men, and even more so for positions with masculine-typed tasks, while lesbian women would be perceived as more hirable into a masculine-typed leadership position than heterosexual women. It was further expected that, when a male leader uses an agentic (masculine) style, they would be perceived as more effective if they are heterosexual than if they are gay. On the other hand, lesbian women who enact agentic behaviors would be evaluated as less effective than heterosexual agentic women. However, the masculine stereotype of lesbian women was predicted to null the effects of prejudice demonstrated in evaluations of communal female leaders' effectiveness, so that lesbian women who enacted a communal (feminine) style were expected to receive more positive evaluations of leader effectiveness than heterosexual communal women. Although findings did not support hypotheses, several significant interactions were revealed in unexpected directions. Sexual orientation had no influence on men or women's hirability into leader roles, regardless of the requirements, and no impact on ratings of female leader's effectiveness. Similarly, both gay and heterosexual men received similar ratings of effectiveness when employing a communal style; however, while this rating did not change when gay men instead used an agentic style, ratings for heterosexual men were significantly lower. Implications are discussed in light of recent cultural shifts around beliefs about and attitudes toward LGBT individuals.
The Effects Of Sexual Orientation And Behavioral Style On Perceptions Of Men S Leadership Potential And Effectiveness
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Author : Kristen Elizabeth Mann
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
The Effects Of Sexual Orientation And Behavioral Style On Perceptions Of Men S Leadership Potential And Effectiveness written by Kristen Elizabeth Mann and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Electronic books categories.
This study addressed a gap in the industrial-organizational psychology research by investigating perceptions of LGBTQ leaders in the workplace. Specifically, it investigated the theory that gay men and heterosexual women experience similar scrutiny and resulting discrimination when in leadership roles. Participants were 363 psychology students who evaluated an applicant for a managerial position. Participants scored the candidate's leadership potential (hirability) and effectiveness based upon his resume, biography, and short video interview. The candidate's sexual orientation (gay, heterosexual, control) and behavioral style (agentic/masculine, communal/feminine) were manipulated, for a resulting 2 x 3 research design. By integrating gender and leadership theories with stereotyping literature, it was hypothesized that the gay candidate would be perceived to be less hirable and less effective than the heterosexual candidate. Further, an interaction between the candidate's sexual orientation and behavioral style was expected. Specifically, it was hypothesized that scores of hirability and effectiveness would be lower for the gay candidate who employed a communal behavioral style than the gay candidate who used agentic behaviors. There was no main effect found for sexual orientation; gay and heterosexual candidates received similar scores. There was a marginally significant interaction effect on perceived leadership effectiveness in the expected direction. These results are discussed in parallel with findings in gender and leadership literature. Limitations and recommendations for future research directions are discussed.
Gay Straight Or Slightly Bent
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Author : Fred George Macoukji
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Gay Straight Or Slightly Bent written by Fred George Macoukji and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Results from the present study helps to inform researchers and practitioners regarding how and why stereotypes influence others' leadership evaluations and suggest entry points for interventions designed to minimize discrimination against sexual minorities in organizational settings.
Sexual Orientation And Transgender Issues In Organizations
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Author : Thomas Köllen
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-04-25
Sexual Orientation And Transgender Issues In Organizations written by Thomas Köllen and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-25 with Business & Economics categories.
Over the last decade workforce diversity has attracted much scientific attention. Given the shortage of literature on issues related to homosexual, bisexual and transgender employees, compared to other facets of workforce diversity, this book opens up new perspectives on this issue. Emphasis is placed on the equal consideration of gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender issues. Thus the predominance of lesbian and gay issues in LGBT research (and practice), will be contrasted by an explicit consideration of the unique experiences, stressors and related needs of bisexual and transgender employees. Contributions provide deeper insights into the differing experiences the whole spectrum of LGBT employees make in the workplace in different national and occupational contexts. Furthermore, the collection offers contextualized insights for evaluating and conceptualizing organizational initiatives aiming at a higher level of inclusion for LGBT employees.
The Social Psychology Of Female Male Relations
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Author : Richard D. Ashmore
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2013-10-22
The Social Psychology Of Female Male Relations written by Richard D. Ashmore and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-22 with Social Science categories.
The Social Psychology of Female-Male Relations: A Critical Analysis of Central Concepts covers the thoughts, feelings, and behaviours of individuals in social interaction and explicitly considers women and men in relation to one another - as individuals, as representatives of social categories, and as significant social groups. Chapter One lays out the parameters of the social psychology of female-male relations. Chapter Two contains two major insights: that gender identity is a complex, multifaceted construct and that the structure and degree of differentiation of gender identity develop and change over the life course. Chapters Three and Four present a relatively general cognitive social-psychological framework for two important constructs, sex stereotypes and gender-related attitudes. Chapter Five offers a critique of analyses that explain the behavior of women and men in close, personal relationships in terms of sex differences in the individual dispositions of the participants. Chapter Six presents a strong and straightforward critique of the current usage of the term sex role to describe a global set of behavioral prescriptions that apply to all women and to all men. Chapter Seven presents a comprehensive review of research on gender-related patterns of behavior in task groups that cannot be found elsewhere. The concluding chapter summarizes points made in earlier chapters and offers a set of notes toward a theory of female-male relations. Social scientists (especially, psychologists, sociologists, and anthropologists) doing research on women, on men, or on women and men in relationships or in social interaction.
The Influence Of Leaders Lgbt Status On Leader Prototypicality And Effectiveness Perceptions
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Author : J. van der Burg
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
The Influence Of Leaders Lgbt Status On Leader Prototypicality And Effectiveness Perceptions written by J. van der Burg and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals are increasingly being granted leadership positions. However, discrimination towards this group of employees is common, which can have severe consequences for organizations because of the central positions leaders hold in the groups they are leading. Specifically, the ability of leaders to be effective depends on the perceptions followers have of their leader's effectiveness, as this sets the foundation for leadership endorsement and openness of followers to leaders' influence. Yet, despite the importance of followers' perceptions of leader effectiveness, the effect of leaders' LGBT status on these perceptions has received limited attention in research. Therefore, this study investigated the influence of leaders' LGBT status on effectiveness perceptions by followers. In addition, it examined whether this relationship was mediated by the degree to which the leader fitted with the implicit leadership theories of followers (i.e., perceived leader prototypicality). Finally, this study examined whether these relationships differed for subgroups of LGBT leaders, by examining whether leader gender and leader-follower gender similarity moderated the relationship between leaders' LGBT status and leader prototypicality. To test for these relationships, online questionnaires were administered to both LGBT leaders and non-LGBT leaders and their followers in different contexts. Examining 88 leader-follower dyads, I showed that neither of these relationships were found, suggesting that LGBT leaders are not perceived as less leader prototypical and less effective leaders as compared to non-LGBT leaders. Moreover, these results imply that leader gender and leader-follower gender similarity do not moderate the relationship between leaders? LGBT status and leader prototypicality.
Fear Of Discrimination And Leveraging Of Leadership Experience In Individuals Of Lgbtq Organizations
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Author : Megan Brianne Moris
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Fear Of Discrimination And Leveraging Of Leadership Experience In Individuals Of Lgbtq Organizations written by Megan Brianne Moris and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Discrimination in employment categories.
Awareness of the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ) community has exposed these individuals to unequal treatment in the workplace. One area where this mistreatment occurs is in the job application process. As a result, it is important to examine the job seeking behaviors of the LGBTQ community that are associated with this process. Student leaders of LGBTQ-focused groups face a unique challenge in the application process in regard to whether they should include their leadership experience on their resume, possibly exposing themselves to discrimination and bias. Only one study, to current knowledge, has focused on resume construction behavior of student leaders from LGBTQ-focused organizations. Kirby (2006) conducted a small study consisting of qualitative interviews examining potential factors that might influence student leaders' resume construction. In the current study I expanded upon Kirby's study by incorporating a larger sample size and collecting information from other sexual orientation minorities as well as gender minorities and allies. I also examined additional factors that could potentially affect the inclusion of leadership experience on resumes and the nature of these relationships. One hundred and seventy-one student leaders of LGBTQ-focused organizations from various colleges and universities across the United States completed the study. Student leaders completed a survey assessing several factors and resume construction behavior. Results suggest that student leaders' perceptions of helpfulness of including leadership experience on the resume, fear of discrimination from disclosure, and the need for recognition of leadership experience had significant direct effects on their inclusion or planned inclusion of leadership experience on their resume. Additionally, student leaders' perceived experiences of discrimination and perceptions of workplace discrimination had significant indirect relationships with inclusion or planned inclusion of leadership experience on their resume through fear of discrimination from disclosure of their actual or perceived sexual orientation and/or gender identity. These findings support some findings of Kirby and other studies within the minority disclosure research. Additionally, the findings of the current study provide a more nuanced examination of these factors and their relationship with inclusion of leadership experience that has previously not been examined. Student leaders of LGBTQ-focused groups and other individuals who help these students with their resume construction can gain insight from these findings. In addition, the current study can provide context for future studies examining other stigmatized groups. For example, future researchers should examine the factors that affect leadership experience inclusion of student leaders of LGBTQ-focused organizations in the context of other stigmatized minority organizations (e.g., student Muslim organizations).
Encyclopedia Of Sport And Exercise Psychology
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Author : Robert C. Eklund
language : en
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Release Date : 2013-12-17
Encyclopedia Of Sport And Exercise Psychology written by Robert C. Eklund and has been published by SAGE Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-17 with Sports & Recreation categories.
How do athletes overcome fears, slumps, mental blocks, or injuries? How do they deal with stress and anxiety, be it from competitors, teammates, audiences, parents, coaches, or themselves? What psychological techniques prove effective in mental training for peak performance, maintaining concentration, motivation, and competitive drive? How can an athlete enhance his or her commitment to a training regimen, or how might the average person better adhere to a program of fitness and exercise? Readers will find answers to these questions and more in the Encyclopedia of Sport and Exercise Psychology. Features & Benefits: Entries explore the theory, research, and application of psychology as it relates to sport and fitness in a manner that is accessible and jargon-free to help readers better understand human behavior in sport and exercise settings. From personal factors to situational factors influencing performance to specific psychological techniques for enhancing performance, this work provides comprehensive coverage of the field via approximately 350 to 400 signed entries. Entries conclude with cross-references and suggestions for further readings to guide students further in their research journey. Available in print and online, this monumental work is edited by two leading figures in the field with a distinguished international Editorial Advisory Board to select and assign entries, ensuring authoritative content readers can trust.
Resources In Women S Educational Equity
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1980
Resources In Women S Educational Equity written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with Sex differences in education categories.
Literature cited in AGRICOLA, Dissertations abstracts international, ERIC, ABI/INFORM, MEDLARS, NTIS, Psychological abstracts, and Sociological abstracts. Selection focuses on education, legal aspects, career aspects, sex differences, lifestyle, and health. Common format (bibliographical information, descriptors, and abstracts) and ERIC subject terms used throughout. Contains order information. Subject, author indexes.
Gender Trouble
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Author : Judith Butler
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2011-09-22
Gender Trouble written by Judith Butler and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-09-22 with Literary Criticism categories.
With intellectual reference points that include Foucault and Freud, Wittig, Kristeva and Irigaray, this is one of the most talked-about scholarly works of the past fifty years and is perhaps the essential work of contemporary feminist thought.