The Emergence Of German Polite Sie
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The Emergence Of German Polite Sie
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Author : Paul Listen
language : en
Publisher: Peter Lang Incorporated, International Academic Publishers
Release Date : 1999
The Emergence Of German Polite Sie written by Paul Listen and has been published by Peter Lang Incorporated, International Academic Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Foreign Language Study categories.
For a speaker of German the tone of personal interaction is set by his or her choice of address pronoun. Relationships are both created and reflected in the use of du or Sie in conversation. The Emergence of German Polite 'Sie' uncovers the sociocultural and cognitive linguistic strategies that originally brought the third person plural Sie address into the German language some three hundred years ago. Although a widely proposed explanation derives Sie from anaphora for plural abstractions of address like Euer Gnaden (Your Graces) empirical corpus analysis of historical texts does not bear this hypothesis out. Based on some 1'500 tokens of High and Low German usage from the fifteenth to the eighteenth century and collected from original unedited sources, this study concludes that third person plural morphology was motivated by much broader conceptual metaphors and metonymies for sociopolitical power, pragmatic indirectness, and social discourse in early modern German-language communities.
The Emergence Of German Polite Sie
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Author : Paul Henry Listen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
The Emergence Of German Polite Sie written by Paul Henry Listen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with categories.
Politeness In Nineteenth Century Europe
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Author : Annick Paternoster
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company
Release Date : 2019-01-15
Politeness In Nineteenth Century Europe written by Annick Paternoster and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-01-15 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This volume explores a pivotal period in European history, the ‘long’ nineteenth century. Politeness scholars have suggested that the nineteenth century heralds a significant transition in the meanings and realisations of politeness, between the Ancien Régime and the contemporary period, with the rise of the middle classes as economic, political, social and cultural actors. The central innovation of this volume consists in its use of a wide range of politeness metasources — grammar books, schoolbooks, conduct books, etiquette books, and letter-writing manuals — to access social norms. This interdisciplinary approach, which draws on historical linguistics, argumentation theory, appraisal theory and literary stylistics, is applied to a wide range of languages: English, including Scottish and business English, Italian, Spanish, West and South Slavic languages. As a highly coherent collection of innovative research papers, the volume will be welcomed by researchers of (im)politeness, pragmatics and sociolinguistics, both from a historical and contemporary perspective.
Diachronic Perspectives On Address Term Systems
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Author : Irma Taavitsainen
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Release Date : 2003
Diachronic Perspectives On Address Term Systems written by Irma Taavitsainen and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Topics covered in this volume include: the system of Czech bound address forms until 1700; Spanish forms of address in the 16th century; and pronominal usage in Shakespeare.
The Problem Of Du And Sie In The German Language An Approach
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Author : Martin Stepanek
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2003-01-09
The Problem Of Du And Sie In The German Language An Approach written by Martin Stepanek and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-01-09 with Literary Criticism categories.
Essay from the year 1999 in the subject German Studies - Linguistics, grade: very good, University of Nottingham (English Studies), language: English, abstract: ′I by mistake addressed my biology teacher with Du, and he asked me if earlier we had been fattening the pigs in the pigsty together.′ 1(Informant Q) ′There is a grey zone in which a speaker may not know whether to use du or Sie, and in that case it is always safer to use Sie. A young girl, very tall for her age, would probably feel flattered to be addressed as Sie, whereas a short, undersized young woman would be embarrassed at being addressed with du.′ (Hammond 1981: 190) ′(...) you should not use du to a person with whom you are not familiar. A woman should not use du to a man she doesn′t know well, although she may, of course, deliberately use the du form to him, if she cares to. (...) The Germans have their problems with du and Sie.′ (Strutz 1986: 84) The Germans, or, to be more precise, Germanspeaking people do have problems indeed with choosing the appropriate form of address. In most cases, it is a question of politeness to use the more formal ′Sie′ to people you do not know very well, especially if they are older than you. There are, however, many instances, where the ′Sie′ is felt to be rather inappropriate and may even make the addressed feel very uncomfortable. Especially younger people can find it rather irritating to be addressed with ′Sie′, in particular when the addresser is about the same age or an acquaintance. To switch from polite ′Sie′ to more casual ′Du′ is most of the time a daring enterprise for the speakers involved, whereas to switch from ′Du′ to ′Sie′ almost seems impossible, at least without causing major irritation.
Concise Encyclopedia Of Pragmatics
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Author : J.L. Mey
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2009-08-07
Concise Encyclopedia Of Pragmatics written by J.L. Mey and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-08-07 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Concise Encyclopedia of Pragmatics, Second Edition (COPE) is an authoritative single-volume reference resource comprehensively describing the discipline of pragmatics, an important branch of natural language study dealing with the study of language in it's entire user-related theoretical and practical complexity. As a derivative volume from Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, Second Edition, it comprises contributions from the foremost scholars of semantics in their various specializations and draws on 20+ years of development in the parent work in a compact and affordable format. Principally intended for tertiary level inquiry and research, this will be invaluable as a reference work for undergraduate and postgraduate students as well as academics inquiring into the study of meaning and meaning relations within languages. As pragmatics is a centrally important and inherently cross-cutting area within linguistics, it will therefore be relevant not just for meaning specialists, but for most linguistic audiences. Edited by Jacob Mey, a leading pragmatics specialist, and authored by experts The latest trends in the field authoritatively reviewed and interpreted in context of related disciplines Drawn from the richest, most authoritative, comprehensive and internationally acclaimed reference resource in the linguistics area Compact and affordable single volume reference format
Language And Social Relations
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Author : Asif Agha
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2007
Language And Social Relations written by Asif Agha and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Provides a way of accounting for the relationship between language and a variety of social phenomena.
A Social History Of Germany 1648 1914
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Author : Eda Sagarra
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-07-12
A Social History Of Germany 1648 1914 written by Eda Sagarra and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-07-12 with History categories.
This volume is a pioneering effort to examine the social, demographic, and economic changes that befell the Jewish communities of Central Europe after the dissolution of the Habsburg Empire. It consists of studies researched and written especially for this volume by historians, sociologists, and economists, all specialists in modern Central European Jewish affairs. The era of national rivalry, economic crises, and political confusion between the two World Wars has been preceded by a pre-World War I epoch of Jewish emancipation and assimilation. During that period, Jewish minorities had been harbored from violent anti-Semitism by the Empire, and they became torchbearers of industrialization and modernization. This common destiny encouraged certain common characteristics in the three major components of the Empire, Austria, Hungary, and the Czech territories, despite the very different origins of the well over one million Jews in those three lands. The disintegration of the Habsburg Empire created three small, economically marginal national states, inimical to each other and at liberty to create their own policies toward Jews in accord with the preferences of their respective ruling classes. Active and openly discriminatory anti-Semitic measures resulted in Austria and Hungary. The only liberal heir country of the Empire was Czechoslovakia, although simmering anti-Semitism and below surface discrimination were widespread in Slovakia. While one might have expected Jewish communities to return to their pre-World War I tendencies to go their independent ways after the introduction of these policies, social and economic patterns which had evolved in the Habsburg era persisted until the Anschluss in Austria, German occupation in Czechoslovakia, and World War II in Hungary. Studies in this volume attest to continuing similarities among the three Jewish communities, testifying to the depth of the Empire's long lasting impact on the behavior of Jews in Central Euro
Bibliographie Linguistique De L Annee 1999
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Author : Mark Janse
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2003
Bibliographie Linguistique De L Annee 1999 written by Mark Janse and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Setting out the historical national and religious characteristics of the Italians as they impact on the integration within the European Union, this study makes note of the two characteristics that have an adverse effect on Italian national identity: cleavages between north and south and the dominant role of family. It discusses how for Italians family loyalty is stronger than any other allegiance, including feelings towards their country, their nation, or the EU. Due to such subnational allegiances and values, this book notes that Italian civic society is weaker and engagement at the grass roots is less robust than one finds in other democracies, leaving politics in Italy largely in the hands of political parties. The work concludes by noting that EU membership, however, provides no magic bullet for Italy: it cannot change internal cleavages, the Italian worldview, and family values or the country’s mafia-dominated power matrix, and as a result, the underlying absence of fidelity to a shared polity—Italian or European—leave the country as ungovernable as ever.
Politeness In English And German A Contrastive Study
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Author : Svetla Rogatcheva
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2004-10-11
Politeness In English And German A Contrastive Study written by Svetla Rogatcheva and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-10-11 with Literary Collections categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2003 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1.7 (A-), University of Bayreuth (UB Bayreuth), course: Contrastive Linguistics, language: English, abstract: Almo st all linguistic research views politeness as a universal feature of civilized societies, regardless of their background culture, or their language. Politeness is thus seen as an important social or ‘urbane’ value, inherent to successful communication, although its realization may vary across the different speech communities. Politeness offers a good way of emotional control of the individual (House and Kasper, 1981: 158), and is typically means of preserving and maintaining good social relationship between the speakers of one or more cultures. Polite behaviour generally protects the individual, as well as their addressee, and often becomes subject matter of self- help books on etiquette, especially in cases when people belong to a specific hierarchy (roya l court, business company etc). The verbal realization of politeness poses even greater problems when the interlocutors belong to different cultures and try to communicate, transferring their pragmatic knowledge of polite behaviour into the foreign langua ge. Lack of practice and the learners’ concern with rendering correctly the foreign language’s grammatical structures in the first place often lead to misunderstandings, or the so-called ‘socio-pragmatic failures’ (Thomas, 1983)- ‘ errors resulting from no n- native speakers not knowing what to say or not saying the appropriate things as a result of transferring incongruent social rules, values and belief systems from their native languages and cultures’. These types of errors are likely to cause a downright insult for both the non- native and the native speakers of a certain language, the native speakers misunderstanding and misinterpreting the intentions of the non- native speaker, and the nonnative speakers being over-sensitive to ‘distinctions of grammatical form’ (Brown and Levinson 1996: 35), in a way the native speakers are not. In any case, being polite is essential to maintaining healthy social relations within a specific culture, and even more so, for the communication across cultures. Cross-cultural communication offers a wide field for research, as the socio-pragmatic failure of one speaker of a certain community tends to be stereotyped for the whole community (Knapp-Potthoff 1992: 203), consequently labeling a nation as rude, over-polite, insincere etc. [...]