The Endothelium
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The Endothelium
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Author : Michel Félétou
language : en
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
Release Date : 2011
The Endothelium written by Michel Félétou and has been published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Science categories.
The endothelium, a monolayer of endothelial cells, constitutes the inner cellular lining of the blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) and the lymphatic system, and therefore is in direct contact with the blood/lymph and the circulating cells. The endothelium is a major player in the control of blood fluidity, platelet aggregation and vascular tone, a major actor in the regulation of immunology, inflammation and angiogenesis, and an important metabolizing and an endocrine organ. Endothelial cells controls vascular tone, and thereby blood flow, by synthesizing and releasing relaxing and contracting factors such as nitric oxide, metabolites of arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450 pathways, various peptides (endothelin, urotensin, CNP, adrenomedullin, etc.), adenosine, purines, reactive oxygen species and so on. Additionally, endothelial ectoenzymes are required steps in the generation of vasoactive hormones such as angiotensin II. An endothelial dysfunction linked to an imbalance in the synthesis and/or the release of these various endothelial factors may explain the initiation of cardiovascular pathologies (from hypertension to atherosclerosis) or their development and perpetuation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Multiple Functions of the Endothelial Cells / Calcium Signaling in Vascular Cells and Cell-to-Cell Communications / Endothelium-Dependent Regulation of Vascular Tone / Conclusion / References
The Endothelium Part I
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Author : Michel Félétou
language : en
Publisher: Biota Publishing
Release Date : 2011-05-01
The Endothelium Part I written by Michel Félétou and has been published by Biota Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-05-01 with Science categories.
The endothelium, a monolayer of endothelial cells, constitutes the inner cellular lining of the blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) and the lymphatic system, and therefore is in direct contact with the blood/lymph and the circulating cells. The endothelium is a major player in the control of blood fluidity, platelet aggregation and vascular tone, a major actor in the regulation of immunology, inflammation and angiogenesis, and an important metabolizing and an endocrine organ. Endothelial cells controls vascular tone, and thereby blood flow, by synthesizing and releasing relaxing and contracting factors such as nitric oxide, metabolites of arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450 pathways, various peptides (endothelin, urotensin, CNP, adrenomedullin, etc.), adenosine, purines, reactive oxygen species and so on. Additionally, endothelial ectoenzymes are required steps in the generation of vasoactive hormones such as angiotensin II. An endothelial dysfunction linked to an imbalance in the synthesis and/or the release of these various endothelial factors may explain the initiation of cardiovascular pathologies (from hypertension to atherosclerosis) or their development and perpetuation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Multiple Functions of the Endothelial Cells / Calcium Signaling in Vascular Cells and Cell-to-Cell Communications / Endothelium-Dependent Regulation of Vascular Tone / Conclusion / References
The Endothelium In Cardiovascular Disease
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Author : Thomas Luescher
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
The Endothelium In Cardiovascular Disease written by Thomas Luescher and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
Since the endothelium plays such an important role in the pathophysiology of the circulatory system, the readers attention is directed here towards the possible involvement of these polypeptides in the aetiology of ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular accidents, hypertension, atherosclerosis and renal failure.
The Endothelium
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Author : Thomas F. Luscher
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2020-04-15
The Endothelium written by Thomas F. Luscher and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-04-15 with Medical categories.
First published in 1990: The Endothelium: Modulator of Cardiovascular Function takes a comprehensive look at the role of the endothelium in cardiovascular control in health and disease. Experts offer detailed reviews on specific topics that address these roles of the endothelium: diffusion barrier, blood-brain barrier, regulator of capillary permeability, metabolic function (uptake and enzymatic destruction), conversion of vasoactive products, production of prostanoids, production and release of endothelium-derived relaxing factors, production of endothelium-derived contracting factors, production of coagulation factors, production of fibrinolytic factors, reticulo-endothelial function, role in atherosclerosis, and changes in function with aging and disease. This overview provides the reader with an update on the role of one of the most fascinating cells in cardiovascular biology. It focuses on the multiple functions of those cells and offers the first attempt to draw a parallel between these functions. Anyone studying the fields of physiology and pharmacology will benefit from this "must have" reference resource.
Endothelial Dysfunction
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Author : Helena Lenasi
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2018-10-24
Endothelial Dysfunction written by Helena Lenasi and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-10-24 with Medical categories.
The endothelium enables communication between blood and tissues and is actively involved in cardiovascular homeostasis. Endothelial dysfunction has been recognized as an early step in the development of cardiovascular diseases: respectively, endothelium represents a potential therapeutic niche with multiple targets. The purpose of the book is to point out some recent findings of endothelial physiology and pathophysiology emphasizing various aspects of endothelial dysfunction connected to the body's internal and external environment. While basic features of the endothelium are presented in an introductory chapter, the authors of the following 17 chapters have provided extensive insight into some selected topics of endothelial (dys)function. The book would hopefully be useful for anyone interested in recapitulating endothelial (patho)physiology and expanding knowledge of molecular mechanisms involved in endothelial dysfunction, relevant also for further clinical investigations.
The Endothelium
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Author : John B. Warren
language : en
Publisher: Wiley-Liss
Release Date : 1990-10-18
The Endothelium written by John B. Warren and has been published by Wiley-Liss this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990-10-18 with Medical categories.
Summarizes the rapid progress of the past ten years in endothelial research and provides an up-to-the-moment account of the most recent and revolutionary developments in this emerging field. Covers the latest discoveries concerning the endothelium's role in nitric oxide production and subsequent effects on blood pressure, blood flow and organ perfusion, in addition to exploring its influence on blood coagulation and inflammation. Various topics within the areas of physiology, pharmacology, atheroma and coagulation, interactions with the immune system and aspects of cell culture are discussed.
Mechanical Forces And The Endothelium
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Author : Michael A Gimbrone
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1999-08-19
Mechanical Forces And The Endothelium written by Michael A Gimbrone and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-08-19 with Medical categories.
Areas addressed in this excellent text include the overall response of the endothelium to hemodynamic forces, and molecular biology with gene regulation taking a central role.
The Endothelium Part Ii
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Author : Michel F. L. Tou
language : en
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
Release Date : 2011
The Endothelium Part Ii written by Michel F. L. Tou and has been published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Science categories.
The endothelium controls vascular tone by releasing various vasoactive substances. Additionally, another pathway associated with the hyperpolarization of both endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells contributes also to endothelium-dependent relaxations (EDHF-mediated responses). These responses involve an increase in the intracellular Ca concentration of the endothelial cells followed by the opening of Ca-activated K channels of small and intermediate conductances (SKCa and IKCa). These channels show a distinct subcellular distribution, suggesting that their activation could be elicited by distinct stimuli. Following KCa activation, the endothelial hyperpolarization can be conducted to the underlying smooth muscle cells by electrical coupling through myo-endothelial gap junctions. In addition, the potassium efflux can lead to the accumulation of potassium ions in the intercellular space and the subsequent activation of smooth muscle Kir2.1 and/or Na/K-ATPase. The hyperpolarization of the smooth muscle cells produces vascular relaxation, predominantly by closing voltage-gated calcium channels, and vasodilatation. EDHFmediated responses are altered in various pathologies or, conversely, act as a compensating mechanism when other endothelial pathways are impaired. A better characterization of EDHF-mediated responses should allow determining whether or not new drugable targets can be identified within this endothelial pathway for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Table of Contents: Endothelium-Dependent Hyperpolarizations: The Classical "EDHF" Pathway / Conclusion / References
The Endothelium Part Ii
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Author : Michel Félétou
language : en
Publisher: Biota Publishing
Release Date : 2011-05-01
The Endothelium Part Ii written by Michel Félétou and has been published by Biota Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-05-01 with Science categories.
The endothelium controls vascular tone by releasing various vasoactive substances. Additionally, another pathway associated with the hyperpolarization of both endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells contributes also to endothelium-dependent relaxations (EDHF-mediated responses). These responses involve an increase in the intracellular Ca concentration of the endothelial cells followed by the opening of Ca-activated K channels of small and intermediate conductances (SKCa and IKCa). These channels show a distinct subcellular distribution, suggesting that their activation could be elicited by distinct stimuli. Following KCa activation, the endothelial hyperpolarization can be conducted to the underlying smooth muscle cells by electrical coupling through myo-endothelial gap junctions. In addition, the potassium efflux can lead to the accumulation of potassium ions in the intercellular space and the subsequent activation of smooth muscle Kir2.1 and/or Na/K-ATPase. The hyperpolarization of the smooth muscle cells produces vascular relaxation, predominantly by closing voltage-gated calcium channels, and vasodilatation. EDHFmediated responses are altered in various pathologies or, conversely, act as a compensating mechanism when other endothelial pathways are impaired. A better characterization of EDHF-mediated responses should allow determining whether or not new drugable targets can be identified within this endothelial pathway for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Table of Contents: Endothelium-Dependent Hyperpolarizations: The Classical "EDHF" Pathway / Conclusion / References
Modern Visualisation Of The Endothelium
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Author : J M Polak
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1998-07-16
Modern Visualisation Of The Endothelium written by J M Polak and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998-07-16 with Science categories.
There can no longer be any doubt that the endothelium represents a very active tissue and is not, as had previously been thought, merely an inert lining material. On the contrary, the endothelium exerts a powerful influence on its environs through the release of multiple regulatory factors such as nitric oxide, endothelium derived hyperpolarizing factor and endothelin. It is therefore crucial to our understanding of the cardiovascular system that we are able to visualize the endothelial layer at the molecular level. Quantitative morphological studies permit visualization at this level, allowing the assessment of the changes that occur in the disease state. Modern methods of computerized image analysis have been applied to reconstruct the endothelial layer in three-dimensions - detecting even the most subtle of changes. Within these covers, an integrated text has been gathered by experts in each of their fields. They detail the latest technical and conceptual advances in the visualization of endothelium, its production of regulatory molecules and pathological changes.