The Enigma Of The Aerofoil
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The Enigma Of The Aerofoil
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Author : David Bloor
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2011-10-03
The Enigma Of The Aerofoil written by David Bloor and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-10-03 with History categories.
Why do aircraft fly? How do their wings support them? In the early years of aviation, there was an intense dispute between British and German experts over the question of why and how an aircraft wing provides lift. The British, under the leadership of the great Cambridge mathematical physicist Lord Rayleigh, produced highly elaborate investigations of the nature of discontinuous flow, while the Germans, following Ludwig Prandtl in Göttingen, relied on the tradition called “technical mechanics” to explain the flow of air around a wing. Much of the basis of modern aerodynamics emerged from this remarkable episode, yet it has never been subject to a detailed historical and sociological analysis. In The Enigma of the Aerofoil, David Bloor probes a neglected aspect of this important period in the history of aviation. Bloor draws upon papers by the participants—their restricted technical reports, meeting minutes, and personal correspondence, much of which has never before been published—and reveals the impact that the divergent mathematical traditions of Cambridge and Göttingen had on this great debate. Bloor also addresses why the British, even after discovering the failings of their own theory, remained resistant to the German circulation theory for more than a decade. The result is essential reading for anyone studying the history, philosophy, or sociology of science or technology—and for all those intrigued by flight.
Why Is There Philosophy Of Mathematics At All
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Author : Ian Hacking
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2014-01-30
Why Is There Philosophy Of Mathematics At All written by Ian Hacking and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-30 with Science categories.
This truly philosophical book takes us back to fundamentals - the sheer experience of proof, and the enigmatic relation of mathematics to nature. It asks unexpected questions, such as 'what makes mathematics mathematics?', 'where did proof come from and how did it evolve?', and 'how did the distinction between pure and applied mathematics come into being?' In a wide-ranging discussion that is both immersed in the past and unusually attuned to the competing philosophical ideas of contemporary mathematicians, it shows that proof and other forms of mathematical exploration continue to be living, evolving practices - responsive to new technologies, yet embedded in permanent (and astonishing) facts about human beings. It distinguishes several distinct types of application of mathematics, and shows how each leads to a different philosophical conundrum. Here is a remarkable body of new philosophical thinking about proofs, applications, and other mathematical activities.
Separated And Vortical Flow In Aircraft Wing Aerodynamics
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Author : Ernst Heinrich Hirschel
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-10-04
Separated And Vortical Flow In Aircraft Wing Aerodynamics written by Ernst Heinrich Hirschel and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-04 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Fluid mechanical aspects of separated and vortical flow in aircraft wing aerodynamics are treated. The focus is on two wing classes: (1) large aspect-ratio wings and (2) small aspect-ratio delta-type wings. Aerodynamic design issues in general are not dealt with. Discrete numerical simulation methods play a progressively larger role in aircraft design and development. Accordingly, in the introduction to the book the different mathematical models are considered, which underlie the aerodynamic computation methods (panel methods, RANS and scale-resolving methods). Special methods are the Euler methods, which as rather inexpensive methods embrace compressibility effects and also permit to describe lifting-wing flow. The concept of the kinematically active and inactive vorticity content of shear layers gives insight into many flow phenomena, but also, with the second break of symmetry---the first one is due to the Kutta condition---an explanation of lifting-wing flow fields. The prerequisite is an extended definition of separation: “flow-off separation” at sharp trailing edges of class (1) wings and at sharp leading edges of class (2) wings. The vorticity-content concept, with a compatibility condition for flow-off separation at sharp edges, permits to understand the properties of the evolving trailing vortex layer and the resulting pair of trailing vortices of class (1) wings. The concept also shows that Euler methods at sharp delta or strake leading edges of class (2) wings can give reliable results. Three main topics are treated: 1) Basic Principles are considered first: boundary-layer flow, vortex theory, the vorticity content of shear layers, Euler solutions for lifting wings, the Kutta condition in reality and the topology of skin-friction and velocity fields. 2) Unit Problems treat isolated flow phenomena of the two wing classes. Capabilities of panel and Euler methods are investigated. One Unit Problem is the flow past the wing of the NASA Common Research Model. Other Unit Problems concern the lee-side vortex system appearing at the Vortex-Flow Experiment 1 and 2 sharp- and blunt-edged delta configurations, at a delta wing with partly round leading edges, and also at the Blunt Delta Wing at hypersonic speed. 3) Selected Flow Problems of the two wing classes. In short sections practical design problems are discussed. The treatment of flow past fuselages, although desirable, was not possible in the frame of this book.
The Flying Mathematicians Of World War I
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Author : Tony Royle
language : en
Publisher: McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP
Release Date : 2020-10-22
The Flying Mathematicians Of World War I written by Tony Royle and has been published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-22 with Science categories.
Keith Lucas was killed instantly when his BE2 biplane collided with that of a colleague over Salisbury Plain on 5 October 1916. As a captain in the Royal Flying Corps, Lucas would have known that his death was a very real risk of the work he was doing in support of Britain's war effort. But Lucas wasn't a career pilot - he was a scientist. The Flying Mathematicians of World War I details the advances and sacrifices of a select group of pioneers who left the safety of their laboratories to drive aeronautics forward at a critical moment in history. These mathematicians and scientists, including Lucas, took up the challenge to advance British aviation during the war and soon realized that they would need to learn how to fly themselves if they were to complete their mission. Set in the context of a new field of engineering, driven apace by conflict, the book follows Lucas and his colleagues as they endured freezing cockpits and engaged in aerial versions of Russian roulette in order to expand our understanding of aeronautics. Tony Royle deftly navigates this fascinating history of technical achievement, imagination, and ingenuity punctuated by bravery, persistence, and tragedy. As a result, The Flying Mathematicians of World War I makes accessible the mathematics and the personal stories that forever changed the course of aviation.
Civilization And The Culture Of Science
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Author : Stephen Gaukroger
language : en
Publisher: Science and the Shaping of Mod
Release Date : 2020
Civilization And The Culture Of Science written by Stephen Gaukroger and has been published by Science and the Shaping of Mod this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Philosophy categories.
How did science come to have such a central place in Western culture? How did our ways of thinking, and our moral, political, and social values, come to be modelled around scientific values? Stephen Gaukroger traces the story of how these values developed, and how they influenced society and culture from the 19th to the mid-20th century.
Essential Mathematics For Engineers And Scientists
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Author : Thomas J. Pence
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2020-05-21
Essential Mathematics For Engineers And Scientists written by Thomas J. Pence and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-05-21 with Mathematics categories.
Clear and engaging introduction for graduate students in engineering and the physical sciences to essential topics of applied mathematics.
The Elements Of Aerofoil And Airscrew Theory
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Author : H. Glauert
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1983-06-09
The Elements Of Aerofoil And Airscrew Theory written by H. Glauert and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983-06-09 with Science categories.
More than half a century has elapsed since the first edition of The Elements of Aerofoil and Airscrew Theory appeared in 1926, a period in which massive advances have been made in the understanding and description of aerodynamic phenomena. Yet Glauert was an acknowledged master of his subject and his book remains the most lucid and best organised introduction to the fundamental principles of aerodynamics that has ever been written. This new paperback edition reprints the text of the second edition of 1947, with supplementary notes by H. B. Squire.
The War Of Guns And Mathematics
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Author : David Aubin
language : en
Publisher: American Mathematical Society
Release Date : 2014-10-07
The War Of Guns And Mathematics written by David Aubin and has been published by American Mathematical Society this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-07 with Mathematics categories.
For a long time, World War I has been shortchanged by the historiography of science. Until recently, World War II was usually considered as the defining event for the formation of the modern relationship between science and society. In this context, the effects of the First World War, by contrast, were often limited to the massive deaths of promising young scientists. By focusing on a few key places (Paris, Cambridge, Rome, Chicago, and others), the present book gathers studies representing a broad spectrum of positions adopted by mathematicians about the conflict, from militant pacifism to military, scientific, or ideological mobilization. The use of mathematics for war is thoroughly examined. This book suggests a new vision of the long-term influence of World War I on mathematics and mathematicians. Continuities and discontinuities in the structure and organization of the mathematical sciences are discussed, as well as their images in various milieux. Topics of research and the values with which they were defended are scrutinized. This book, in particular, proposes a more in-depth evaluation of the issue of modernity and modernization in mathematics. The issue of scientific international relations after the war is revisited by a close look at the situation in a few Allied countries (France, Britain, Italy, and the USA). The historiography has emphasized the place of Germany as the leading mathematical country before WWI and the absurdity of its postwar ostracism by the Allies. The studies presented here help explain how dramatically different prewar situations, prolonged interaction during the war, and new international postwar organizations led to attempts at redrafting models for mathematical developments.
Making Jet Engines In World War Ii
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Author : Hermione Giffard
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2016-10-10
Making Jet Engines In World War Ii written by Hermione Giffard and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-10-10 with Science categories.
Our stories of industrial innovation tend to focus on individual initiative and breakthroughs. With Making Jet Enginesin World War II, Hermione Giffard uses the case of the development of jet engines to offer a different way of understanding technological innovation, revealing the complicated mix of factors that go into any decision to pursue an innovative, and therefore risky technology. Giffard compares the approaches of Britain, Germany, and the United States. Each approached jet engines in different ways because of its own war aims and industrial expertise. Germany, which produced more jet engines than the others, did so largely as replacements for more expensive piston engines. Britain, on the other hand, produced relatively few engines—but, by shifting emphasis to design rather than production, found itself at war's end holding an unrivaled range of designs. The US emphasis on development, meanwhile, built an institutional basis for postwar production. Taken together, Giffard's work makes a powerful case for a more nuanced understanding of technological innovation, one that takes into account the influence of the many organizational factors that play a part in the journey from idea to finished product.
The Science Of Sailing A Complete Guide To The Physics Of Sailing And The Naval Architecture Governing The Performance Of Sailing Yachts
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Author : Peter van Oossanen
language : en
Publisher: Van Oossanen Academy Publishers
Release Date : 2018-08-01
The Science Of Sailing A Complete Guide To The Physics Of Sailing And The Naval Architecture Governing The Performance Of Sailing Yachts written by Peter van Oossanen and has been published by Van Oossanen Academy Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-08-01 with Sports & Recreation categories.