The Ethereal Aether A History Of The Michelson Morley Miller Aether Drift Experiments 1880 1930
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The Ethereal Aether
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Author : Loyd S. Swenson
language : en
Publisher: University of Texas Press
Release Date : 2013-08-28
The Ethereal Aether written by Loyd S. Swenson and has been published by University of Texas Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-08-28 with Science categories.
The Ethereal Aether is a historical narrative of one of the great experiments in modern physical science. The fame of the 1887 Michelson-Morley aether-drift test on the relative motion of the earth and the luminiferous aether derives largely from the role it is popularly supposed to have played in the origins, and later in the justification, of Albert Einstein’s first theory of relativity; its importance is its own. As a case history of the intermittent performance of an experiment in physical optics from 1880 to 1930 and of the men whose work it was, this study describes chronologically the conception, experimental design, first trials, repetitions, influence on physical theory, and eventual climax of the optical experiment. Michelson, Morley, and their colleague Miller were the prime actors in this half-century drama of confrontation between experimental and theoretical physics. The issue concerned the relative motion of “Spaceship Earth” and the Universe, as measured against the background of a luminiferous medium supposedly filling all interstellar space. At stake, it seemed, were the phenomena of astronomical aberration, the wave theory of light, and the Newtonian concepts of absolute space and time. James Clerk Maxwell’s suggestion for a test of his electromagnetic theory was translated by Michelson into an experimental design in 1881, redesigned and reaffirmed as a null result with Morley in 1887, thereafter modified and partially repeated by Morley and Miller, finally completed in 1926 by Miller alone, then by Michelson’s team again in the late 1920s. Meanwhile Helmholtz, Kelvin, Rayleigh, FitzGerald, Lodge, Larmor, Lorentz, and Poincaré—most of the great names in theoretical physics at the turn of the twentieth century—had wrestled with the anomaly presented by Michelson’s experiment. As the relativity and quantum theories matured, wave-particle duality was accepted by a new generation of physicists. The aether-drift tests disproved the old and verified the new theories of light and electromagnetism. By 1930 they seemed to explain Einstein, relativity, and space-time. But in historical fact, the aether died only with its believers.
The Ethereal Aether A History Of The Michelson Morley Miller Aether Drift Experiments 1880 1930
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Author : Loyd S. Jr Swenson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1972
The Ethereal Aether A History Of The Michelson Morley Miller Aether Drift Experiments 1880 1930 written by Loyd S. Jr Swenson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1972 with categories.
An American Scientist On The Research Frontier
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Author : Ralph R. Hamerla
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006-07-04
An American Scientist On The Research Frontier written by Ralph R. Hamerla and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-07-04 with Science categories.
An American Scientist on the Research Frontier is the first scholarly study of the nineteenth-century American scientist Edward Williams Morley. In part, it is the long-overdue story of a man who lent his name to the Michelson and Morley Ether-Drift Experiment, and who conclusively established the atomic weight of oxygen. It is also the untold story of science in provincial America: what Hamerla presents as science on the "American research frontier". This important examination of Morley’s struggle for personal and professional legitimacy extends and transforms our understanding of science during a foundational period, and leads to a number of unique conclusions that are vital to the literature and historiography of science. By revealing important aspects of the scientific culture of the American heartland, An American Scientist on the Research Frontier deepens our understanding of an individual scientist and of American science more broadly. In so doing, Hamerla changes the way we approach and understand the creation of scientific knowledge, scientific communities, and the history of science itself.
Michelson Morley Experiments An Enigma For Physics And The History Of Science
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Author : Maurizio Consoli
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2018-12-16
Michelson Morley Experiments An Enigma For Physics And The History Of Science written by Maurizio Consoli and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-12-16 with Science categories.
'The book should be an interesting read for advanced students within the field and for experts working in it.'Contemporary PhysicsIn 1887, Michelson and Morley tried to observe in laboratory the 'ether drift' by measuring a small difference in the velocity of two perpendicular light beams. The result of their measurements, however, was much smaller than the classical prediction and interpreted as a 'null result'. This was crucial to stimulate the first pioneering formulations of relativity and, as such, it represents a fundamental step in the history of science. Since then, many repetitions of that original experiment have been performed with better and better sensitivity and the standard conclusion has been always the same: no genuine ether drift has ever been detected. However, in the authors' new scheme, the small irregular residuals observed in laboratory show surprising correlations with the direct observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) with satellites in space. This opens the possibility of finally linking the CMB to a fundamental reference frame for relativity, with substantial implications for the interpretation of non-locality in the quantum theory. The importance of the issue would require new dedicated experimental tests and significant improvements in the data analysis. Otherwise, without such more stringent checks, these crucial experiments will remain forever as an enigma for physics and the history of science. The book illustrates the many facets of this research together with historical accounts on some leading scientists involved in these measurements.
Relativity Principles And Theories From Galileo To Einstein
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Author : Olivier Darrigol
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2021-12-22
Relativity Principles And Theories From Galileo To Einstein written by Olivier Darrigol and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-22 with Science categories.
Motion is always relative to some thing. Is this thing a concrete body like the earth, is it an abstract space, or is it an imagined frame? Do the laws of physics depend on the choice of reference? It there a choice for which the laws are simplest? Is this choice unique? Is there a physical cause for the choice made? These questions traverse the history of modern physics from Galileo to Einstein. The answers involved Galilean relativity, Newton's absolute space, the purely relational concepts of Descartes, Leibniz, and Mach, and many forgotten uses of relativity principles in mechanics, optics, and electrodynamics - until the relativity theories of Poincaré, Einstein, Minkowksi, and Laue radically redefined space and time to satisfy universal kinds of relativity. Accordingly, this book retraces the emergence of relativity principles in early modern mechanics, documents their constructive use in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century mechanics, optics, and electrodynamics, and gives a well-rooted account of the genesis of special and general relativity in the early twentieth century. As an exercise in long-term history, it demonstrates the connectivity of issues and approaches across several centuries, despite enormous changes in context and culture. As an account of the genesis of relativity theories, it brings unprecedented clarity and fullness by broadening the spectrum of resources on which the principal actors drew.
Ether And Modernity
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Author : Jaume Navarro
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2018-09-05
Ether And Modernity written by Jaume Navarro and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-09-05 with Science categories.
Ether and Modernity offers a snapshot of the status of an epistemic object, the "ether" (or "aether"), in the early twentieth century. The contributed papers show that the ether was often regarded as one of the objects of modernity, hand in hand with the electron, radioactivity or X-rays, and not simply as the stubborn residue of an old-fashioned, long-discarded science. The prestige and authority of scientists and popularisers like Oliver Lodge and Arthur Eddington in Britain, Phillip Lenard in Germany or Dayton C. Miller in the USA was instrumental in the preservation, defence or even re-emergence of the ether in the 1920s. Moreover, the consolidation of wireless communications and radio broadcasting, indeed a very modern technology, brought the ether into audiences that would otherwise never have heard about such an esoteric entity. The ether also played a pivotal role among some artists in the early twentieth century: the values of modernism found in the complexities and contradictions of modern physics, such as wireless action or wave-particle puzzles, a fertile ground for the development of new artistic languages; in literature as much as in the pictorial and performing arts. Essays on the intellectual foundations of Umberto Boccioni's art, the linguistic techniques of Lodge, and Ernst Mach's considerations on aesthetics and physics witness to the imbricate relationship between the ether and modernism. Last but not least, the ether played a fundamental part in the resurgence of modern spiritualism in the aftermath of the Great War. This book examines the complex array of meanings, strategies and milieus that enabled the ether to remain an active part in scientific and cultural debates well into the 1930s, but not beyond. This portrait may be easily regarded as the swan song of an epistemic object that was soon to fade away as shown by Paul Dirac's unsuccessful attempt to resuscitate some kind of aether in 1951, with which this book finishes.
Elemental Ecocriticism
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Author : Jeffrey Jerome Cohen
language : en
Publisher: U of Minnesota Press
Release Date : 2015-12-23
Elemental Ecocriticism written by Jeffrey Jerome Cohen and has been published by U of Minnesota Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-12-23 with Philosophy categories.
For centuries it was believed that all matter was composed of four elements: earth, air, water, and fire in promiscuous combination, bound by love and pulled apart by strife. Elemental theory offered a mode of understanding materiality that did not center the cosmos around the human. Outgrown as a science, the elements are now what we build our houses against. Their renunciation has fostered only estrangement from the material world. The essays collected in Elemental Ecocriticism show how elemental materiality precipitates new engagements with the ecological. Here the classical elements reveal the vitality of supposedly inert substances (mud, water, earth, air), chemical processes (fire), and natural phenomena, as well as the promise in the abandoned and the unreal (ether, phlogiston, spontaneous generation). Decentering the human, this volume provides important correctives to the idea of the material world as mere resource. Three response essays meditate on the connections of this collaborative project to the framing of modern-day ecological concerns. A renewed intimacy with the elemental holds the potential of a more dynamic environmental ethics and the possibility of a reinvigorated materialism.
Reader S Guide To The History Of Science
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Author : Arne Hessenbruch
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-12-16
Reader S Guide To The History Of Science written by Arne Hessenbruch and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-16 with History categories.
The Reader's Guide to the History of Science looks at the literature of science in some 550 entries on individuals (Einstein), institutions and disciplines (Mathematics), general themes (Romantic Science) and central concepts (Paradigm and Fact). The history of science is construed widely to include the history of medicine and technology as is reflected in the range of disciplines from which the international team of 200 contributors are drawn.
Scientists Of Faith
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Author : Dan Graves
language : en
Publisher: Kregel Publications
Release Date :
Scientists Of Faith written by Dan Graves and has been published by Kregel Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with Biography & Autobiography categories.
The personal stories of forty-eight historic scientists and an overview of their contributions to their field and faith.
Physics And Psychics
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Author : Richard Noakes
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2019-10-17
Physics And Psychics written by Richard Noakes and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-17 with History categories.
Noakes' revelatory analysis of Victorian scientists' fascination with psychic phenomena connects science, the occult and religion in intriguing new ways.