The Evidential Foundations Of Probabilistic Reasoning
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The Evidential Foundations Of Probabilistic Reasoning
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Author : David A. Schum
language : en
Publisher: Northwestern University Press
Release Date : 2001
The Evidential Foundations Of Probabilistic Reasoning written by David A. Schum and has been published by Northwestern University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with History categories.
In this work Schum develops a general theory of evidence as it is understood and applied across a broad range of disciplines and practical undertakings. He include insights from law, philosophy, logic, probability, semiotics, artificial intelligence, psychology and history.
A Probabilistic Analysis Of The Sacco And Vanzetti Evidence
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Author : Joseph B. Kadane
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2011-09-26
A Probabilistic Analysis Of The Sacco And Vanzetti Evidence written by Joseph B. Kadane and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-09-26 with Mathematics categories.
A Probabilistic Analysis of the Sacco and Vanzetti Evidence is aBayesian analysis of the trial and post-trial evidence in the Saccoand Vanzetti case, based on subjectively determined probabilitiesand assumed relationships among evidential events. It applies theideas of charting evidence and probabilistic assessment to thiscase, which is perhaps the ranking cause celebre in all of Americanlegal history. Modern computation methods applied to inferencenetworks are used to show how the inferential force of evidence ina complicated case can be graded. The authors employ probabilisticassessment to obtain opinions about how influential each group ofevidential items is in reaching a conclusion about the defendants'innocence or guilt. A Probabilistic Analysis of the Sacco and Vanzetti Evidence holdsparticular interest for statisticians and probabilists in academiaand legal consulting, as well as for the legal community,historians, and behavioral scientists. It combines structural andprobabilistic ideas in the analysis of masses of evidence fromevery recognized logical species of evidence. Twenty-eight chartsshow the chains of reasoning in defense of the relevance ofevidentiary matters and a listing of trial witnesses who providedthe evidence. References include nearly 300 items drawn from thefields of probability theory, history, law, artificialintelligence, psychology, literature, and other areas.
Probabilistic Reasoning In Intelligent Systems
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Author : Judea Pearl
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2014-06-28
Probabilistic Reasoning In Intelligent Systems written by Judea Pearl and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-06-28 with Computers categories.
Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems is a complete and accessible account of the theoretical foundations and computational methods that underlie plausible reasoning under uncertainty. The author provides a coherent explication of probability as a language for reasoning with partial belief and offers a unifying perspective on other AI approaches to uncertainty, such as the Dempster-Shafer formalism, truth maintenance systems, and nonmonotonic logic. The author distinguishes syntactic and semantic approaches to uncertainty--and offers techniques, based on belief networks, that provide a mechanism for making semantics-based systems operational. Specifically, network-propagation techniques serve as a mechanism for combining the theoretical coherence of probability theory with modern demands of reasoning-systems technology: modular declarative inputs, conceptually meaningful inferences, and parallel distributed computation. Application areas include diagnosis, forecasting, image interpretation, multi-sensor fusion, decision support systems, plan recognition, planning, speech recognition--in short, almost every task requiring that conclusions be drawn from uncertain clues and incomplete information. Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems will be of special interest to scholars and researchers in AI, decision theory, statistics, logic, philosophy, cognitive psychology, and the management sciences. Professionals in the areas of knowledge-based systems, operations research, engineering, and statistics will find theoretical and computational tools of immediate practical use. The book can also be used as an excellent text for graduate-level courses in AI, operations research, or applied probability.
Handbook Of Legal Reasoning And Argumentation
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Author : Giorgio Bongiovanni
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-07-02
Handbook Of Legal Reasoning And Argumentation written by Giorgio Bongiovanni and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-07-02 with Philosophy categories.
This handbook addresses legal reasoning and argumentation from a logical, philosophical and legal perspective. The main forms of legal reasoning and argumentation are covered in an exhaustive and critical fashion, and are analysed in connection with more general types (and problems) of reasoning. Accordingly, the subject matter of the handbook divides in three parts. The first one introduces and discusses the basic concepts of practical reasoning. The second one discusses the general structures and procedures of reasoning and argumentation that are relevant to legal discourse. The third one looks at their instantiations and developments of these aspects of argumentation as they are put to work in the law, in different areas and applications of legal reasoning.
Rethinking Evidence
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Author : William Twining
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2006-06-01
Rethinking Evidence written by William Twining and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-06-01 with Law categories.
The Law of Evidence has traditionally been perceived as a dry, highly technical, and mysterious subject. This book argues that problems of evidence in law are closely related to the handling of evidence in other kinds of practical decision-making and other academic disciplines, that it is closely related to common sense and that it is an interesting, lively and accessible subject. These essays develop a readable, coherent historical and theoretical perspective about problems of proof, evidence, and inferential reasoning in law. Although each essay is self-standing, they are woven together to present a sustained argument for a broad inter-disciplinary approach to evidence in litigation, in which the rules of evidence play a subordinate, though significant, role. This revised and enlarged edition includes a revised introduction, the best-known essays in the first edition, and chapters on narrative and argumentation, teaching evidence, and evidence as a multi-disciplinary subject.
Probability And Evidence
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Author : Paul Horwich
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2016-08-26
Probability And Evidence written by Paul Horwich and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-26 with Philosophy categories.
This influential book offers a probabilistic approach to scientific reasoning to resolve central issues in the philosophy of science.
Cognition And Chance
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Author : Raymond S. Nickerson
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2004-06-24
Cognition And Chance written by Raymond S. Nickerson and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-06-24 with Business & Economics categories.
An overview of the information needed to make educated assumptions about the statistical or probabilistic characteristics of a situation, this text shows how to make intelligent assessments of risk, enhance decision making under uncertainty, facilitate the understanding of statistical information and critically evaluate the likelihood of claims.
Nomic Probability And The Foundations Of Induction
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Author : John L. Pollock
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Nomic Probability And The Foundations Of Induction written by John L. Pollock and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Induction (Logic) categories.
In this text, John L. Pollock examines the subject of probabilistic reasoning, making general philosophical sense of objective probabilities and exploring their relationship to the problem of induction. His main claim is that the fundamental notion of probability is nomic - that is, it involves the notion of natural law, valid across all possible worlds.
Probabilistic Reasoning In Expert Systems
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Author : Richard E. Neapolitan
language : en
Publisher: Wiley-Interscience
Release Date : 1990-03-16
Probabilistic Reasoning In Expert Systems written by Richard E. Neapolitan and has been published by Wiley-Interscience this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990-03-16 with Computers categories.
Addresses the use probability theory as a tool for designing with and implementing uncertainity reasoning. Provides many concrete algorithms, explores techniques for solving multimembership classification problems not based directly on causal networks, and offers practical recommendations, matching specific methods with sample expert systems.
Good Thinking
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Author : Irving John Good
language : en
Publisher: U of Minnesota Press
Release Date : 1983
Good Thinking written by Irving John Good and has been published by U of Minnesota Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983 with Mathematics categories.
Good Thinking was first published in 1983.Good Thinking is a representative sampling of I. J. Good's writing on a wide range of questions about the foundations of statistical inference, especially where induction intersects with philosophy. Good believes that clear reasoning about many important practical and philosophical questions is impossible except in terms of probability. This book collects from various published sources 23 of Good's articles with an emphasis on more philosophical than mathematical.He covers such topics as rational decisions, randomness, operational research, measurement of knowledge, mathematical discovery, artificial intelligence, cognitive psychology, chess, and the nature of probability itself. In spite of the wide variety of topics covered, Good Thinking is based on a unified philosophy which makes it more than the sum of its parts. The papers are organized into five sections: Bayesian Rationality; Probability; Corroboration, Hypothesis Testing, and Simplicity; Information and Surprise; and Causality and Explanation. The numerous references, an extensive index, and a bibliography guide the reader to related modern and historic literature.This collection makes available to a wide audience, for the first time, the most accessible work of a very creative thinker. Philosophers of science, mathematicians, scientists, and, in Good's words, anyone who wants “to understand understanding, to reason about reasoning, to explain explanation, to think about thought, and to decide how to decide” will find Good Thinking a stimulating and provocative look at probability.