The Evolution Of Chemical Knowledge
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The Evolution Of Chemical Knowledge
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Author : Jürgen Jost
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-10-05
The Evolution Of Chemical Knowledge written by Jürgen Jost and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-10-05 with Science categories.
Chemistry shapes and creates the disposition of the world's resources and provides novel substances for the welfare and hazard of our civilisation at an exponential rate. Can we model the evolution of chemical knowledge? This book not only provides a positive answer to the question, it provides the formal models and available data to model chemical knowledge as a complex dynamical system based on the mutual interaction of the social, semiotic and material systems of chemistry. These systems, which have evolved over the history, include the scientists and institutions supporting chemical knowledge (social system); theories, concepts and forms of communication (semiotic system) and the substances, reactions and technologies (material system) central for the chemical practice. These three systems, which have traditionally been mostly studied in isolation, are brought together in this book in a grand historical narrative, on the basis of comprehensive data sets and supplemented by appropriate tools for their formal analysis. We thereby develop a comprehensive picture of the evolution of chemistry, needed for better understanding the past, present and future of chemistry as a discipline. The interdisciplinary character of this book and its non-technical language make it an ideal complement to more traditional material in undergraduate and graduate courses in chemistry, history of science and digital humanities.
The History Of Chemistry The Complete Two Volume Edition
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Author : Thomas Thomson
language : en
Publisher: DigiCat
Release Date : 2022-11-13
The History Of Chemistry The Complete Two Volume Edition written by Thomas Thomson and has been published by DigiCat this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-11-13 with Science categories.
"The History of Chemistry" spans a period from very old times to the modern era. Since several millennia BC, civilizations were using technologies that would eventually form the basis of the various branches of chemistry. Chemistry was preceded by its protoscience, alchemy, which is an intuitive but non-scientific approach to understanding the constituents of matter and their interactions. It was unsuccessful in explaining the nature of matter and its transformations, but, by performing experiments and recording the results, alchemists set the stage for modern chemistry. While both alchemy and chemistry are concerned with matter and its transformations, the crucial difference was given by the scientific method that chemists employed in their work. Chemistry is considered to have become an established science with the work of Antoine Lavoisier, who developed a law of conservation of mass that demanded careful measurement and quantitative observations of chemical phenomena. The object of this work is to present a comprehensive overview of the progress of chemistry, from its first rude and modest beginnings till it has reached its modern state of importance as one of the leading sciences. Volume 1: Of Alchymy Of the Chemical Knowledge Possessed by the Ancients Chemistry of the Arabians Of the Progress of Chemistry under Paracelsus and His Disciples Of Van Helmont and the Iatro-Chemists Of Agricola and Metallurgy Of Glauber, Lemery, and Some Other Chemists of the End of the Seventeenth Century Of the Attempts to Establish a Theory in Chemistry Of the Foundation and Progress of Scientific Chemistry in Great Britain Volume 2: Of the Foundation and Progress of Scientific Chemistry in Great Britain Of the Progress of Philosophical Chemistry in Sweden Progress of Scientific Chemistry in France Progress of Analytical Chemistry Of Electro-Chemistry Of the Atomic Theory Of the Present State of Chemistry
Determinants In The Evolution Of The European Chemical Industry 1900 1939
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Author : Anthony S. Travis
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-04-17
Determinants In The Evolution Of The European Chemical Industry 1900 1939 written by Anthony S. Travis and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-17 with Science categories.
The editors wish to thank the European Science Foundation for its support of the programme on the Evolution of Chemistry in Europe, 1789-1939, as well as for sponsoring the publication of this volume. Through the subdivision of this initiative that deals specifically with chemical industry it has been possible for historians of science, technology, business and economics to share often widely differing viewpoints and develop consensus across disciplinary and cultural boundaries. The contents of this volume are based on the third of three workshops that have considered the emergence of the modern European chemical industry prior to 1939, the first held in Liege (1994), the second in Maastricht (1995), and the third in Strasbourg (1996). All contributors and participants are thanked for their participation in often lively and informative debates. The generous hospitality of the European Science Foundation and its staff in Strasbourg is gratefully acknowledged. Introduction Emerging chemical knowledge and the development of chemical industry, and particularly the interaction between them, offer rich fields of study for the historian. This is reflected in the contents of the three workshops dealing with the emergence of chemical industry held under the aegis of the European Science Foundation's Evolution of Chemistry in Europe, 1789-1939, programme. The first workshop focused mainly on science for industry, 1789- 1850, and the second on the two-way traffic between science and industry, 1850-1914. The third workshop, dealing with the period 1900-1939, covers similar issues, but within different, and wider, contexts.
The History Of Chemistry Vol 1 2
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Author : Thomas Thomson
language : en
Publisher: Good Press
Release Date : 2023-12-18
The History Of Chemistry Vol 1 2 written by Thomas Thomson and has been published by Good Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-12-18 with Science categories.
"The History of Chemistry" spans a period from very old times to the modern era. Since several millennia BC, civilizations were using technologies that would eventually form the basis of the various branches of chemistry. Chemistry was preceded by its protoscience, alchemy, which is an intuitive but non-scientific approach to understanding the constituents of matter and their interactions. It was unsuccessful in explaining the nature of matter and its transformations, but, by performing experiments and recording the results, alchemists set the stage for modern chemistry. While both alchemy and chemistry are concerned with matter and its transformations, the crucial difference was given by the scientific method that chemists employed in their work. Chemistry is considered to have become an established science with the work of Antoine Lavoisier, who developed a law of conservation of mass that demanded careful measurement and quantitative observations of chemical phenomena. The object of this work is to present a comprehensive overview of the progress of chemistry, from its first rude and modest beginnings till it has reached its modern state of importance as one of the leading sciences. Volume 1: Of Alchymy Of the Chemical Knowledge Possessed by the Ancients Chemistry of the Arabians Of the Progress of Chemistry under Paracelsus and His Disciples Of Van Helmont and the Iatro-Chemists Of Agricola and Metallurgy Of Glauber, Lemery, and Some Other Chemists of the End of the Seventeenth Century Of the Attempts to Establish a Theory in Chemistry Of the Foundation and Progress of Scientific Chemistry in Great Britain Volume 2: Of the Foundation and Progress of Scientific Chemistry in Great Britain Of the Progress of Philosophical Chemistry in Sweden Progress of Scientific Chemistry in France Progress of Analytical Chemistry Of Electro-Chemistry Of the Atomic Theory Of the Present State of Chemistry
The Chemistry Of Biology
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Author : Armin Börner
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-02-14
The Chemistry Of Biology written by Armin Börner and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-02-14 with Science categories.
Living organisms are distinguished by their chemical basis. Thus, knowledge of the properties of the elements and the interactions of the resulting compounds is a prerequisite for understanding biology. Chemistry answers the questions of why, among the more than 100 elements of the periodic table (PSE), carbon and not silicon is the dominant element in biology and why precious metals, such as gold and silver, do not play a role. The PSE provides information about why phosphoric acid and not sulfuric acid acts as a bridge in polynucleic acids and why DNA had to evolve from RNA. At the same time, only chemistry makes clear why D-glucose is so central in building biopolymers such as cellulose and glycogen, and why the citrate cycle is logically self-contained and without alternative. Biochemistry is also a synthesis chemistry that differs from "man-made" synthesis chemistry "only" in terms of the framework conditions. Individuals are selected from the multitude of elements of the PSE and the almost infinite number of chemical compounds. The selection is based on the environmental conditions on Earth, such as moderate temperatures, preferably atmospheric pressure, solvent water and as primary reaction partner oxygen. The hypothesis is developed that the guiding principle of modern biology, the theory of evolution, has its roots in the underlying chemistry. This turns Darwinism from its biological head to its chemical feet. For example, the effect of phenols as radical scavengers is a priori chemical, before biological phenomena could evolve from it as differences in distinction in colored flowering plants. The book develops a completely new, chemistry-centered view of "animate nature" and challenges a changed, biologically oriented didactics of chemistry in schools and universities.
The History Of Chemistry
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Author : Thomas Thomson
language : en
Publisher: Good Press
Release Date : 2023-12-14
The History Of Chemistry written by Thomas Thomson and has been published by Good Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-12-14 with Science categories.
"The History of Chemistry" spans a period from very old times to the modern era. Since several millennia BC, civilizations were using technologies that would eventually form the basis of the various branches of chemistry. Chemistry was preceded by its protoscience, alchemy, which is an intuitive but non-scientific approach to understanding the constituents of matter and their interactions. It was unsuccessful in explaining the nature of matter and its transformations, but, by performing experiments and recording the results, alchemists set the stage for modern chemistry. While both alchemy and chemistry are concerned with matter and its transformations, the crucial difference was given by the scientific method that chemists employed in their work. Chemistry is considered to have become an established science with the work of Antoine Lavoisier, who developed a law of conservation of mass that demanded careful measurement and quantitative observations of chemical phenomena. The object of this work is to present a comprehensive overview of the progress of chemistry, from its first rude and modest beginnings till it has reached its modern state of importance as one of the leading sciences. Volume 1: Of Alchymy Of the Chemical Knowledge Possessed by the Ancients Chemistry of the Arabians Of the Progress of Chemistry under Paracelsus and His Disciples Of Van Helmont and the Iatro-Chemists Of Agricola and Metallurgy Of Glauber, Lemery, and Some Other Chemists of the End of the Seventeenth Century Of the Attempts to Establish a Theory in Chemistry Of the Foundation and Progress of Scientific Chemistry in Great Britain Volume 2: Of the Foundation and Progress of Scientific Chemistry in Great Britain Of the Progress of Philosophical Chemistry in Sweden Progress of Scientific Chemistry in France Progress of Analytical Chemistry Of Electro-Chemistry Of the Atomic Theory Of the Present State of Chemistry
History Of Chemistry Volume 2
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Author : Thomas Edward Thorpe
language : en
Publisher: Legare Street Press
Release Date : 2023-07-18
History Of Chemistry Volume 2 written by Thomas Edward Thorpe and has been published by Legare Street Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-07-18 with Science categories.
This comprehensive history of chemistry explores the origins of the science, its growth and development, and key discoveries and breakthroughs. Written by Thomas Edward Thorpe, a respected chemist and historian of science, this book is essential reading for anyone interested in the history of chemistry or the development of scientific knowledge. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Transforming Matter
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Author : Trevor H. Levere
language : en
Publisher: JHU Press
Release Date : 2003-04-30
Transforming Matter written by Trevor H. Levere and has been published by JHU Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-04-30 with Science categories.
Chemistry explores the way atoms interact, the constitution of the stars, and the human genome. Knowledge of chemistry makes it possible for us to manufacture dyes and antibiotics, metallic alloys, and other materials that contribute to the necessities and luxuries of human life. In Transforming Matter, noted historian Trevor H. Levere emphasizes that understanding the history of these developments helps us to appreciate the achievements of generations of chemists. Levere examines the dynamic rise of chemistry from the study of alchemy in the seventeenth century to the development of organic and inorganic chemistry in the age of government-funded research and corporate giants. In the past two centuries, he points out, the number of known elements has quadrupled. And because of synthesis, chemistry has increasingly become a science that creates much of what it studies. Throughout the book, Levere follows a number of recurring themes: theories about the elements, the need for classification, the status of chemical science, and the relationship between practice and theory. He illustrates these themes by concentrating on some of chemistry's most influential and innovative practitioners. Transforming Matter provides an accessible and clearly written introduction to the history of chemistry, telling the story of how the discipline has developed over the years.
Chemistry
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Author : Kyle Kirkland
language : en
Publisher: Infobase Publishing
Release Date : 2010
Chemistry written by Kyle Kirkland and has been published by Infobase Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Chemistry categories.
Frontiers of Science is an eight-volume set that explores notable issues at the forefront of scientific research and inquiry. The interdisciplinary set focuses on the methods and imagination of people who push the boundaries of science by investigating subjects not readily observable or shrouded in obscurity. Understanding the science behind scientific advances is critical because new knowledge and theories sometimes seem unbelievable until the underlying methods leading to their discovery become clear. Designed to complement science curricula, the set covers a broad range of complex, relevant topics that will extend the limits of knowledge and satisfy the curiosity of readers. Chemistry investigates the research and discoveries of the explorers and scientists who expanded knowledge related to the field. Often, these men and women found materials that exhibit remarkable or useful properties, some of which cure disease or make up motors or machines. Each chapter of the book covers the evolution of a significant topic related to chemistry and contains an introduction, a conclusion, a chronology, and a list of resources that allow the reader to focus on the topic being considered. The volume includes information on archaeological chemistry chemistry of the brain fuel cells nanotechnology new chemicals and materials "smart" materials The book contains more than 40 color photographs and line illustrations, sidebars, a glossary, the Periodic Table of the Elements, a detailed list of additional print and Internet resources, and an index. Frontiers of Science is essential for high school students, teachers, and general readers who wish to understand the newest areas of scientific research, from groundbreaking issues that are making headlines to those not as well known. Book jacket.
Chemical Evolution And The Origin Of Life
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Author : Horst Rauchfuss
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-10-15
Chemical Evolution And The Origin Of Life written by Horst Rauchfuss and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-10-15 with Nature categories.
How did life begin on the early Earth? We know that life today is driven by the universal laws of chemistry and physics. By applying these laws over the past ?fty years, en- mous progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms that are the foundations of the living state. For instance, just a decade ago, the ?rst human genome was published, all three billion base pairs. Using X-ray diffraction data from crystals, we can see how an enzyme molecule or a photosynthetic reaction center steps through its catalytic function. We can even visualize a ribosome, central to all life, translate - netic information into a protein. And we are just beginning to understand how molecular interactions regulate thousands of simultaneous reactions that continuously occur even in the simplest forms of life. New words have appeared that give a sense of this wealth of knowledge: The genome, the proteome, the metabolome, the interactome. But we can’t be too smug. We must avoid the mistake of the physicist who, as the twentieth century began, stated con?dently that we knew all there was to know about physics, that science just needed to clean up a few dusty corners. Then came relativity, quantum theory, the Big Bang, and now dark matter, dark energy and string theory. Similarly in the life sciences, the more we learn, the better we understand how little we really know. There remains a vast landscape to explore, with great questions remaining.