The Fifth Postulate
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The Fifth Postulate
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Author : Jason Socrates Bardi
language : en
Publisher: Trade Paper Press
Release Date : 2009
The Fifth Postulate written by Jason Socrates Bardi and has been published by Trade Paper Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Mathematics categories.
Jason Socrates Bardi tells the story of how the reluctant discovery of the strangely parallel, triumphant, and tragic lives of János Bolyai, Carl Friedrich Gauss, and Nikolai Lobachevsky came to the same profound conclusion. It examines a world of science in which the objective quest for new truth is inhibited by blind adherence to an old, unproven postulate, mainly because of fear that, if it were untrue, everything that was known about geometry, nature, and the universe itself would have to change.--[book jacket].
The Fifth Postulate
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Author : Jason Socrates Bardi
language : en
Publisher: Turner Publishing Company
Release Date : 2008-12-01
The Fifth Postulate written by Jason Socrates Bardi and has been published by Turner Publishing Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-12-01 with Mathematics categories.
The great discovery that no one wanted to make It's the dawn of the Industrial Revolution, and Euclidean geometry has been profoundly influential for centuries. One mystery remains, however: Euclid's fifth postulate has eluded for two thousand years all attempts to prove it. What happens when three nineteenth-century mathematicians realize that there is no way to prove the fifth postulate and that it ought to be discarded—along with everything they'd come to know about geometry? Jason Socrates Bardi shares the dramatic story of the moment when the tangible and easily understood world we live in gave way to the strange, mind-blowing world of relativity, curved space-time, and more. "Jason Socrates Bardi tells the story of the discovery of non-Euclidian geometry—one of the greatest intellectual advances of all time—with tremendous clarity and verve. I loved this book." —John Horgan, author, The End of Science and Rational Mysticism "An accessible and engrossing blend of micro-biography, history and mathematics, woven together to reveal a blockbuster discovery." —David Wolman, author of Righting the Mother Tongue and A Left-Hand Turn around the World
Euclid S Elements The Thirteen Books
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Author : Euclid
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017-12-17
Euclid S Elements The Thirteen Books written by Euclid and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-12-17 with Mathematics categories.
Euclid was a mathematician from the Greek city of Alexandria who lived during the 4th and 3rd century B.C. and is often referred to as the "father of geometry." Within his foundational treatise "Elements," Euclid presents the results of earlier mathematicians and includes many of his own theories in a systematic, concise book that utilized a brief set of axioms and meticulous proofs to solidify his deductions. In addition to its easily referenced geometry, "Elements" also includes number theory and other mathematical considerations. For centuries, this work was a primary textbook of mathematics, containing the only framework for geometry known by mathematicians until the development of "non-Euclidian" geometry in the late 19th century. The extent to which Euclid's "Elements" is of his own original authorship or borrowed from previous scholars is unknown, however despite this fact it was his collation of these basic mathematical principles for which most of the world would come to the study of geometry. Today, Euclid's "Elements" is acknowledged as one of the most influential mathematical texts in history. This volume includes all thirteen books of Euclid's "Elements," is printed on premium acid-free paper, and follows the translation of Thomas Heath.
In The Search For Beauty Unravelling Non Euclidean Geometry
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Author : Voldemar Smilga
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2018-11-22
In The Search For Beauty Unravelling Non Euclidean Geometry written by Voldemar Smilga and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-11-22 with Mathematics categories.
This is a popular book that chronicles the historical attempts to prove the fifth postulate of Euclid on parallel lines that led eventually to the creation of non-Euclidean geometry. To absorb the mathematical content of the book, the reader should be familiar with the foundations of Euclidean geometry at the high school level. But besides the mathematics, the book is also devoted to stories about the people, brilliant mathematicians starting from Pythagoras and Euclid and terminating with Gauss, Lobachevsky and Klein. For two thousand years, mathematicians tried to prove the fifth postulate (whose formulation seemed to them too complicated to be a real postulate and not a theorem, hence the title In the Search for Beauty). But in the 19th century, they realized that such proof was impossible, and this led to a revolution in mathematics and then in physics. The two final chapters are devoted to Einstein and his general relativity which revealed to us that the geometry of the world we live in is not Euclidean.Also included is an historical essay on Omar Khayyam, who was not only a poet, but also a brilliant astronomer and mathematician.
Theory Of Parallels
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Author : Nikolaj Ivanovič Lobačevskij
language : en
Publisher: Independently Published
Release Date : 2019-05-22
Theory Of Parallels written by Nikolaj Ivanovič Lobačevskij and has been published by Independently Published this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-22 with categories.
LOBACHEVSKY was the first man ever to publish a non-Euclidean geometry. Of the immortal essay now first appearing in English Gauss said, "The author has treated the matter with a master-hand and in the true geometer's spirit. I think I ought to call your attention to this book, whose perusal cannot fail to give you the most vivid pleasure." Clifford says, "It is quite simple, merely Euclid without the vicious assumption, but the way things come out of one another is quite lovely." * * * "What Vesalius was to Galen, what Copernicus was to Ptolemy, that was Lobachevsky to Euclid." Says Sylvester, "In Quaternions the example has been given of Algebra released from the yoke of the commutative principle of multiplication - an emancipation somewhat akin to Lobachevsky's of Geometry from Euclid's noted empirical axiom." Cayley says, "It is well known that Euclid's twelfth axiom, even in Playfair's form of it, has been considered as needing demonstration; and that Lobachevsky constructed a perfectly consistent theory, where- in this axiom was assumed not to hold good, or say a system of non- Euclidean plane geometry. There is a like system of non-Euclidean solid geometry." GEORGE BRUCE HALSTED. 2407 San Marcos Street, Austin, Texas. * * * *From the TRANSLATOR'S INTRODUCTION. "Prove all things, hold fast that which is good," does not mean demonstrate everything. From nothing assumed, nothing can be proved. "Geometry without axioms," was a book which went through several editions, and still has historical value. But now a volume with such a title would, without opening it, be set down as simply the work of a paradoxer. The set of axioms far the most influential in the intellectual history of the world was put together in Egypt; but really it owed nothing to the Egyptian race, drew nothing from the boasted lore of Egypt's priests. The Papyrus of the Rhind, belonging to the British Museum, but given to the world by the erudition of a German Egyptologist, Eisenlohr, and a German historian of mathematics, Cantor, gives us more knowledge of the state of mathematics in ancient Egypt than all else previously accessible to the modern world. Its whole testimony con- firms with overwhelming force the position that Geometry as a science, strict and self-conscious deductive reasoning, was created by the subtle intellect of the same race whose bloom in art still overawes us in the Venus of Milo, the Apollo Belvidere, the Laocoon. In a geometry occur the most noted set of axioms, the geometry of Euclid, a pure Greek, professor at the University of Alexandria. Not only at its very birth did this typical product of the Greek genius assume sway as ruler in the pure sciences, not only does its first efflorescence carry us through the splendid days of Theon and Hypatia, but unlike the latter, fanatics cannot murder it; that dismal flood, the dark ages, cannot drown it. Like the phoenix of its native Egypt, it rises with the new birth of culture. An Anglo-Saxon, Adelard of Bath, finds it clothed in Arabic vestments in the land of the Alhambra. Then clothed in Latin, it and the new-born printing press confer honor on each other. Finally back again in its original Greek, it is published first in queenly Basel, then in stately Oxford. The latest edition in Greek is from Leipsic's learned presses.
Leibniz On The Parallel Postulate And The Foundations Of Geometry
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Author : Vincenzo De Risi
language : en
Publisher: Birkhäuser
Release Date : 2016-01-28
Leibniz On The Parallel Postulate And The Foundations Of Geometry written by Vincenzo De Risi and has been published by Birkhäuser this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-01-28 with Mathematics categories.
This book offers a general introduction to the geometrical studies of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716) and his mathematical epistemology. In particular, it focuses on his theory of parallel lines and his attempts to prove the famous Parallel Postulate. Furthermore it explains the role that Leibniz’s work played in the development of non-Euclidean geometry. The first part is an overview of his epistemology of geometry and a few of his geometrical findings, which puts them in the context of the seventeenth-century studies on the foundations of geometry. It also provides a detailed mathematical and philosophical commentary on his writings on the theory of parallels, and discusses how they were received in the eighteenth century as well as their relevance for the non-Euclidean revolution in mathematics. The second part offers a collection of Leibniz’s essays on the theory of parallels and an English translation of them. While a few of these papers have already been published (in Latin) in the standard Leibniz editions, most of them are transcribed from Leibniz’s manuscripts written in Hannover, and published here for the first time. The book provides new material on the history of non-Euclidean geometry, stressing the previously neglected role of Leibniz in these developments. This volume will be of interest to historians in mathematics, philosophy or logic, as well as mathematicians interested in non-Euclidean geometry.
A History Of Non Euclidean Geometry
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Author : Boris A. Rosenfeld
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-09-08
A History Of Non Euclidean Geometry written by Boris A. Rosenfeld and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-09-08 with Mathematics categories.
The Russian edition of this book appeared in 1976 on the hundred-and-fiftieth anniversary of the historic day of February 23, 1826, when LobaeevskiI delivered his famous lecture on his discovery of non-Euclidean geometry. The importance of the discovery of non-Euclidean geometry goes far beyond the limits of geometry itself. It is safe to say that it was a turning point in the history of all mathematics. The scientific revolution of the seventeenth century marked the transition from "mathematics of constant magnitudes" to "mathematics of variable magnitudes. " During the seventies of the last century there occurred another scientific revolution. By that time mathematicians had become familiar with the ideas of non-Euclidean geometry and the algebraic ideas of group and field (all of which appeared at about the same time), and the (later) ideas of set theory. This gave rise to many geometries in addition to the Euclidean geometry previously regarded as the only conceivable possibility, to the arithmetics and algebras of many groups and fields in addition to the arith metic and algebra of real and complex numbers, and, finally, to new mathe matical systems, i. e. , sets furnished with various structures having no classical analogues. Thus in the 1870's there began a new mathematical era usually called, until the middle of the twentieth century, the era of modern mathe matics.
Euclidean And Non Euclidean Geometries
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Author : Marvin J. Greenberg
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Euclidean And Non Euclidean Geometries written by Marvin J. Greenberg and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Geometry categories.
The Fifth Postulate
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Author : L. T. Brady
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
The Fifth Postulate written by L. T. Brady and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Mathematics
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Author : Douglas M. Campbell
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 1984
Mathematics written by Douglas M. Campbell and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with Mathematics categories.
Based upon the principle that graph design should be a science, this book presents the principles of graph construction. The orientation of the material is toward graphs in technical writings, such as journal articles and technical reports. But much of the material is relevant for graphs shown in talks and for graphs in nontechnical publications. -- from back cover.