The First Computers
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The First Computers
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Author : Raul Rojas
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2002-07-26
The First Computers written by Raul Rojas and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-07-26 with Science categories.
This history of computing focuses not on chronology (what came first and who deserves credit for it) but on the actual architectures of the first machines that made electronic computing a practical reality. The book covers computers built in the United States, Germany, England, and Japan. It makes clear that similar concepts were often pursued simultaneously and that the early researchers explored many architectures beyond the von Neumann architecture that eventually became canonical. The contributors include not only historians but also engineers and computer pioneers. An introductory chapter describes the elements of computer architecture and explains why "being first" is even less interesting for computers than for other areas of technology. The essays contain a remarkable amount of new material, even on well-known machines, and several describe reconstructions of the historic machines. These investigations are of more than simply historical interest, for architectures designed to solve specific problems in the past may suggest new approaches to similar problems in today's machines. Contributors Titiimaea F. Ala'ilima, Lin Ping Ang, William Aspray, Friedrich L. Bauer, Andreas Brennecke, Chris P. Burton, Martin Campbell-Kelly, Paul Ceruzzi, I. Bernard Cohen, John Gustafson, Wilhelm Hopmann, Harry D. Huskey, Friedrich W. Kistermann, Thomas Lange, Michael S. Mahoney, R. B. E. Napper, Seiichi Okoma, Hartmut Petzold, Raúl Rojas, Anthony E. Sale, Robert W. Seidel, Ambros P. Speiser, Frank H. Sumner, James F. Tau, Jan Van der Spiegel, Eiiti Wada, Michael R. Williams
The First Computers
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Author : Charles A. Jortberg
language : en
Publisher: Abdo & Daughters
Release Date : 1997
The First Computers written by Charles A. Jortberg and has been published by Abdo & Daughters this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Computers categories.
Surveys the history of devices leading up to modern computer systems, from ancient celestial calculators and abacuses to punched card systems and the Univac.
The First Computers
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Author : Guy De la Bédoyère
language : en
Publisher: Evans Brothers
Release Date : 2005
The First Computers written by Guy De la Bédoyère and has been published by Evans Brothers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Computers categories.
One of a series of titles which looks at some key scientific advances of the last century, how they came about, and their repercussions.
Eniac In Action
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Author : Thomas Haigh
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2016-06-24
Eniac In Action written by Thomas Haigh and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-24 with Computers categories.
The history of the first programmable electronic computer, from its conception, construction, and use to its afterlife as a part of computing folklore. Conceived in 1943, completed in 1945, and decommissioned in 1955, ENIAC (the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was the first general-purpose programmable electronic computer. But ENIAC was more than just a milestone on the road to the modern computer. During its decade of operational life, ENIAC calculated sines and cosines and tested for statistical outliers, plotted the trajectories of bombs and shells, and ran the first numerical weather simulations. ENIAC in Action tells the whole story for the first time, from ENIAC's design, construction, testing, and use to its afterlife as part of computing folklore. It highlights the complex relationship of ENIAC and its designers to the revolutionary approaches to computer architecture and coding first documented by John von Neumann in 1945. Within this broad sweep, the authors emphasize the crucial but previously neglected years of 1947 to 1948, when ENIAC was reconfigured to run what the authors claim was the first modern computer program to be executed: a simulation of atomic fission for Los Alamos researchers. The authors view ENIAC from diverse perspectives—as a machine of war, as the “first computer,” as a material artifact constantly remade by its users, and as a subject of (contradictory) historical narratives. They integrate the history of the machine and its applications, describing the mathematicians, scientists, and engineers who proposed and designed ENIAC as well as the men—and particularly the women who—built, programmed, and operated it.
The Computer My Life
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Author : Konrad Zuse
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 1993-09-28
The Computer My Life written by Konrad Zuse and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-09-28 with Biography & Autobiography categories.
Konrad Zuse is one of the great pioneers of the computer age. He created thefirst fully automated, program controlled, freely programmable computer using binary floating-point calculation. It was operational in 1941. He built his first machines in Berlin during the Second World War, with bombs falling all around, and after the war he built up a company that was taken over by Siemens in 1967. Zuse was an inventor in the traditional style, full of phantastic ideas, but also gifted with a powerful analytical mind. Single-handedly, he developed one of the first programming languages, the Plan Calculus, including features copied only decades later in other languages. He wrote numerousbooks and articles and won many honors and awards. This is his autobiography, written in an engagingly lively and pleasant style, full of anecdotes, reminiscences, and philosophical asides. It traces his life from his childhood in East Prussia, through tense wartime experiences and hard times building up his business after the war, to a ripe old age andwell-earned celebrity.
Introduction To The History Of Computing
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Author : Gerard O'Regan
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-06-21
Introduction To The History Of Computing written by Gerard O'Regan and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-21 with Computers categories.
Tracing the story of computing from Babylonian counting boards to smartphones, this inspiring textbook provides a concise overview of the key events in the history of computing, together with discussion exercises to stimulate deeper investigation into this fascinating area. Features: provides chapter introductions, summaries, key topics, and review questions; includes an introduction to analogue and digital computers, and to the foundations of computing; examines the contributions of ancient civilisations to the field of computing; covers the first digital computers, and the earliest commercial computers, mainframes and minicomputers; describes the early development of the integrated circuit and the microprocessor; reviews the emergence of home computers; discusses the creation of the Internet, the invention of the smartphone, and the rise of social media; presents a short history of telecommunications, programming languages, operating systems, software engineering, artificial intelligence, and databases.
When Computers Were Human
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Author : David Alan Grier
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2007-09-16
When Computers Were Human written by David Alan Grier and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-09-16 with Science categories.
Before Palm Pilots and iPods, PCs and laptops, the term "computer" referred to the people who did scientific calculations by hand. These workers were neither calculating geniuses nor idiot savants but knowledgeable people who, in other circumstances, might have become scientists in their own right. When Computers Were Human represents the first in-depth account of this little-known, 200-year epoch in the history of science and technology. Beginning with the story of his own grandmother, who was trained as a human computer, David Alan Grier provides a poignant introduction to the wider world of women and men who did the hard computational labor of science. His grandmother's casual remark, "I wish I'd used my calculus," hinted at a career deferred and an education forgotten, a secret life unappreciated; like many highly educated women of her generation, she studied to become a human computer because nothing else would offer her a place in the scientific world. The book begins with the return of Halley's comet in 1758 and the effort of three French astronomers to compute its orbit. It ends four cycles later, with a UNIVAC electronic computer projecting the 1986 orbit. In between, Grier tells us about the surveyors of the French Revolution, describes the calculating machines of Charles Babbage, and guides the reader through the Great Depression to marvel at the giant computing room of the Works Progress Administration. When Computers Were Human is the sad but lyrical story of workers who gladly did the hard labor of research calculation in the hope that they might be part of the scientific community. In the end, they were rewarded by a new electronic machine that took the place and the name of those who were, once, the computers.
History Of Computing In The Twentieth Century
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Author : Nicholas Metropolis
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 1980-09-28
History Of Computing In The Twentieth Century written by Nicholas Metropolis and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980-09-28 with Business & Economics categories.
The human side; The languages; The machines; The places.
A History Of Modern Computing Second Edition
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Author : Paul E. Ceruzzi
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2003-04-08
A History Of Modern Computing Second Edition written by Paul E. Ceruzzi and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-04-08 with Technology & Engineering categories.
From the first digital computer to the dot-com crash—a story of individuals, institutions, and the forces that led to a series of dramatic transformations. This engaging history covers modern computing from the development of the first electronic digital computer through the dot-com crash. The author concentrates on five key moments of transition: the transformation of the computer in the late 1940s from a specialized scientific instrument to a commercial product; the emergence of small systems in the late 1960s; the beginning of personal computing in the 1970s; the spread of networking after 1985; and, in a chapter written for this edition, the period 1995-2001. The new material focuses on the Microsoft antitrust suit, the rise and fall of the dot-coms, and the advent of open source software, particularly Linux. Within the chronological narrative, the book traces several overlapping threads: the evolution of the computer's internal design; the effect of economic trends and the Cold War; the long-term role of IBM as a player and as a target for upstart entrepreneurs; the growth of software from a hidden element to a major character in the story of computing; and the recurring issue of the place of information and computing in a democratic society. The focus is on the United States (though Europe and Japan enter the story at crucial points), on computing per se rather than on applications such as artificial intelligence, and on systems that were sold commercially and installed in quantities.
Fumbling The Future
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Author : Robert C. Alexander
language : en
Publisher: iUniverse
Release Date : 1999-06-01
Fumbling The Future written by Robert C. Alexander and has been published by iUniverse this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-06-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Ask consumers and users what names they associate with the multibillion dollar personal computer market, and they will answer IBM, Apple, Tandy, or Lotus. The more knowledgable of them will add the likes of Microsoft, Ashton-Tate, Compaq, and Borland. But no one will say Xerox. Fifteen years after it invented personal computing, Xerox still means "copy." Fumbling the Future tells how one of America's leading corporations invented the technology for one of the fastest-growing products of recent times, then miscalculated and mishandled the opportunity to fully exploit it. It is a classic story of how innovation can fare within large corporate structures, the real-life odyssey of what can happen to an idea as it travels from inspiration to implementation. More than anything, Fumbling the Future is a tale of human beings whose talents, hopes, fears, habits, and prejudices determine the fate of our largest organizations and of our best ideas. In an era in which technological creativity and economic change are so critical to the competitiveness of the American economy, Fumbling the Future is a parable for our times.