The Food Insecurities Of Zimbabwean Migrants In Urban South Africa
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The Food Insecurities Of Zimbabwean Migrants In Urban South Africa
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Author : Crush, Jonathan
language : en
Publisher: Southern African Migration Programme
Release Date : 2016-10-17
The Food Insecurities Of Zimbabwean Migrants In Urban South Africa written by Crush, Jonathan and has been published by Southern African Migration Programme this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-10-17 with Social Science categories.
This report examines the food security status of Zimbabwean migrant households in the poorer areas of two major South African cities, Johannesburg and Cape Town. The vast majority were food insecure in terms of the amount of food to which they had access and the quality and diversity of their diet. What seems clear is that Zimbabwean migrants are significantly more food insecure than other low-income households. The primary reason for this appears to lie in pressures that include remittances of cash and goods back to family in Zimbabwe. The small literature on the impact of migrant remittances on food security tends to look only at the recipients and how their situation is improved. It does not look at the impact of remitting on those who send remittances. Most Zimbabwean migrants in South Africa feel a strong obligation to remit, but to do so they must make choices because of their limited and unpredictable income. Food is one of the first things to be sacrificed. Quantities decline, cheaper foods are preferred, and dietary quality and diversity inevitably suffer. This study found that while migrants were dissatisfied with the shrinking job market in South Africa, most felt that they would be unlikely to find work in Zimbabwe and that a return would worsen their household’s food security situation. In other words, while food insecurity in Zimbabwe is a major driver of migration to South Africa, food insecurity in South Africa is unlikely to encourage many to return.
Food Remittances Migration And Food Security In Africa
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Author : Crush, Jonathan
language : en
Publisher: Southern African Migration Programme
Release Date : 2017-01-17
Food Remittances Migration And Food Security In Africa written by Crush, Jonathan and has been published by Southern African Migration Programme this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-17 with Social Science categories.
There is considerable evidence from across the African continent that a significant proportion of cash remittances to rural areas is spent on food. However, bidirectional food remitting – its drivers, dimensions and impacts – is an underdeveloped research and policy area. This report therefore reviews the current state of knowledge about food remittances in Africa and aims to make a number of contributions to the study of the relationship between migration and food security.
The Return Of Food
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Author : Tawodzera, Godfrey
language : en
Publisher: Southern African Migration Programme
Release Date : 2016-06-14
The Return Of Food written by Tawodzera, Godfrey and has been published by Southern African Migration Programme this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-14 with Social Science categories.
The nadir of Zimbabwe's political and economic crisis in 2008 coincided with the implementation of a baseline household food security survey in Harare by AFSUN. This survey found that households in low income urban areas in Zimbabwe's capital were far worse off in terms of all the food insecurity and poverty indicators than households in the other 10 Southern African cities surveyed by AFSUN. The central question addressed in this report is whether food security in Zimbabwe's urban centres has improved. AFSUN conducted a follow-up survey in 2012 that allows for direct longitudinal comparisons of continuity and change. The status of household food security in low-income neighbourhoods in Harare was improved in 2012 relative to 2008, and yet persistently high rates of severe food insecurity demonstrate that the daily need to access adequate food continued to be a major challenge. 'The key lesson for policymakers is that even in the context of overall economic improvement, food insecurity remains endemic among the poorest segments of the urban population. Households are already accustomed to drawing on resources outside of the formal economy and improvements in employment income have not reversed that trend. These alternative livelihood strategies should therefore be considered as a normal part of urban life and supported with state resources that can improve access to food for the most marginalized groups.
The State Of Food Insecuritity In Harare Zimbabwe
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Author : Tawodzera, Godfrey
language : en
Publisher: Southern African Migration Programme
Release Date : 2016-10-17
The State Of Food Insecuritity In Harare Zimbabwe written by Tawodzera, Godfrey and has been published by Southern African Migration Programme this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-10-17 with Social Science categories.
Harare is at the epicentre of the economic meltdown and political crisis that has devastated Zimbabwe over the last decade and led to a mass exodus from the country. Those who remained in Zimbabwe’s largest city and capital endured unprecedented hardship as the formal economy collapsed, unemployment soared and poverty deepened. Household surveys conducted in Harare with official sanction between 2003 and 2009 appear to demonstrate that food insecurity was not a particularly serious problem, a conclusion sharply at odds with reality. In 2008, at the height of the crisis, AFSUN therefore implemented its own baseline food security survey in Harare using a well-tested and reliable methodology. This paper presents and discusses the results of that survey and shows that Harare had become the most food insecure city in the SADC region by 2008. Levels of food insecurity were extraordinarily high as poor households struggled to find the income to purchase what little food was available in the shops and informal markets. The paper demonstrates that participation in the informal food economy was the major response to the crisis, providing poor households with a modicum of food and income. Urban agriculture for home consumption also grew in importance as a crisis response. While the political and economic situation in Zimbabwe has stabilised somewhat since 2008, the long-term impact of many years of enforced food insecurity on the city population is incalculable. This paper concludes with the recommendation that ongoing monitoring of the urban food security situation in Harare is essential in order to begin to develop national and municipal policies that could ensure a food secure future for the city.
Food Insecurity In Informal Settlements In Lilongwe Malawi
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Author : Chilanga, Emmanuel
language : en
Publisher: Southern African Migration Programme
Release Date : 2017-09-26
Food Insecurity In Informal Settlements In Lilongwe Malawi written by Chilanga, Emmanuel and has been published by Southern African Migration Programme this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-26 with Social Science categories.
Although there is widespread food availability in urban areas across the Global South, it is not correlated with universal access to adequate amounts of nutritious foods. This report is based on a household survey conducted in 2015 in six low-income informal areas in Malawi’s capital city, where three-quarters of the population live in informal settlements. Understanding the dimensions of household food insecurity in these neighbourhoods is critical to sustainable and inclusive growth in Lilongwe. The survey findings provide a complementary perspective to the 2008 AFSUN survey conducted in Blantyre, which suggested a level of food security in urban Malawi that was probably more typical of peri-urban areas where many people farm. Given that informal settlements house most of Malawi’s urban residents, the Lilongwe research presents a serious public policy challenge for the country’s leaders. Poverty is a profound problem in Malawi’s rapidly expanding cities. Of particular concern is the poor quality of diets among residents of informal settlements. Precarity of income, reflected in the survey findings of frequent purchasing of staple foods and the need for food sellers to extend credit, appears to be a key driver of food insecurity in these communities. Economically inclusive growth, with better prospects for stable employment and protection for informal-sector workers, appears to be the surest route to improved urban food security in Malawi.
Food Security In Africa S Secondary Cities
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Author : Riley, Liam
language : en
Publisher: Southern African Migration Programme
Release Date : 2018-04-30
Food Security In Africa S Secondary Cities written by Riley, Liam and has been published by Southern African Migration Programme this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-04-30 with Social Science categories.
This report marks the first stage of AFSUN’s goal of expanding knowledge about urban food systems and experiences of household food insecurity in secondary African cities. It contributes to an understanding of poverty and sustainability in Mzuzu, Malawi, through the lens of household food security. The focus on food as an urban issue not only speaks to the development challenges presented by urbanization, but it also brings a fresh perspective to debates about food security in Malawi. The urban setting highlights the changing food system in Malawi where people in rural and urban areas are increasingly reliant on cash income to buy food. The report’s key findings include that the most vulnerable households are those without a formal wage income, households headed by older people, especially older women, and households that are not able to produce food in the rural areas. The research also shows that the food system is dynamic and diverse, with households accessing food from a variety of formal and informal food sources and relying on rural-urban linkages for urban survival. Urban and rural agriculture are important features of the food system, but there is little evidence that these are the “self-help” responses to poverty that advocates for urban agriculture in Africa sometimes imply.
The State Of Food Insecurity In Maputo Mozambique
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Author : Raimundo, Ines
language : en
Publisher: Southern African Migration Programme
Release Date : 2016-10-17
The State Of Food Insecurity In Maputo Mozambique written by Raimundo, Ines and has been published by Southern African Migration Programme this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-10-17 with Social Science categories.
Food insecurity is a fact of life for the vast majority of households across Maputo’s poverty belt. The Maputo urban food security survey done by AFSUN as part of its baseline survey of 11 Southern African cities found that households exist in a constant state of food insecurity manifested in a lack of access to sufficient affordable food, poor dietary quality and undernutrition. Income is meagre and only those households with access to wage income have any chance of holding food insecurity at bay. With a vibrant informal food economy, Maputo’s poor are surrounded by fresh and processed food. Food availability is therefore not the primary determinant of food insecurity in Maputo. Certainly large-scale food import from South Africa and further afield makes the market price of food inherently volatile. But prices for the consumer are also driven down by the fact that there is intense competition among vendors on the streets and in the marketplaces. The real cause of food insecurity is high urban unemployment and a lack of regular and decent-paying work. Among its recommendations, AFSUN urges the city of Maputo to set up a food security strategy that is multisectoral and policy-oriented and based on a better understanding of food flows into and within the city, the operation of the city’s informal food economy and the likely impacts of formal retailing for the food security of the urban poor.
Food Security In Africa S Secondary Cities No 2
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Author : Nickanor, Ndeyapo
language : en
Publisher: Southern African Migration Programme
Release Date : 2019-03-21
Food Security In Africa S Secondary Cities No 2 written by Nickanor, Ndeyapo and has been published by Southern African Migration Programme this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-21 with Social Science categories.
This is the first research report to examine the nature and drivers of food insecurity in the northern Namibian towns of Oshakati, Ongwediva, and Ondangwa. As well as forming part of a new body of research on secondary urbanization and food security in Africa, the report makes systematic comparisons between the food security situation in this urban corridor and the much larger capital city of Windhoek. A major characteristic of urbanization in Namibia is the perpetuation of rural-urban linkages through informal rural-to-urban food remittances. This survey found that 55% of households in the three towns receive food from relatives in rural areas. Urban households also farm in nearby rural areas and incorporate that agricultural produce into their diets. The survey showed that over 90% of households in the three towns patronize supermarkets, which is a figure far higher than for any other food source. Overall, food security is better in Namibia’s northern towns than in Windhoek, where levels of food insecurity are particularly high. However, just because the food insecurity situation is less critical in the north, the majority of households in the urban corridor are not food secure. Like Windhoek, these towns also have considerable income and food security inequality, with households in the informal settlements at greatest risk of chronic food insecurity.
The Supermarket Revolution And Food Security In Namibia
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Author : Nickanor, Ndeyapo
language : en
Publisher: Southern African Migration Programme
Release Date : 2017-12-16
The Supermarket Revolution And Food Security In Namibia written by Nickanor, Ndeyapo and has been published by Southern African Migration Programme this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-12-16 with Social Science categories.
The surprisingly high rate of supermarket patronage in low-income areas of Windhoek, Namibia’s capital and largest city, is at odds with conventional wisdom that supermarkets in African cities are primarily patronized by middle and high-income residents and therefore target their neighbourhoods. What is happening in Namibia and other Southern African countries that make supermarkets so much more accessible to the urban poor? What are they buying at supermarkets and how frequently do they shop there? Further, what is the impact of supermarket expansion on informal food vendors? This report, which presents the findings from the South African Supermarkets in Growing African Cities project research in 2016-2017 in Windhoek, looks at the evidence and tries to answer these questions and others. The research and policy debate on the relationship between the supermarket revolution and food security is also discussed. Here, the issues include whether supermarket supply chains and procurement practices mitigate rural food insecurity through providing new market opportunities for smallholder farmers; the impact of supermarkets on the food security and consumption patterns of residents of African cities; and the relationship between supermarket expansion and governance of the food system, particularly at the local level.
Mapping The Invisible
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Author : Battersby, Jane
language : en
Publisher: Southern African Migration Programme
Release Date : 2017-02-03
Mapping The Invisible written by Battersby, Jane and has been published by Southern African Migration Programme this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-02-03 with Social Science categories.
This report argues that it is essential to understand the dynamics of the informal food retail sector because of its vital role in ensuring greater access to food by the urban poor. Existing policy frameworks to address food security and to govern the informal sector tend to neglect informal retail in the food system. As a result, the sector is poorly understood. The report therefore attempts to identify the characteristics of the sector that impact on its ability to address the food needs of the neighbourhoods in which the businesses are located. Although the research is focused on Cape Town, the findings are of broader relevance.