The Impact Of Animal Production In Mountainous Farming Systems Development In Northwest Of Vietnam
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The Impact Of Animal Production In Mountainous Farming Systems Development In Northwest Of Vietnam
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Author : Thi-Thanh-Huyen Nguyen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
The Impact Of Animal Production In Mountainous Farming Systems Development In Northwest Of Vietnam written by Thi-Thanh-Huyen Nguyen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Agricultural systems categories.
This book presents an analysis of the impact of animal production in mountainous farming systems development in Northwest of Vietnam. The research areas are located in a typical transect in the mountainous zones. This transect represents a gradient from urban to remote areas, with changes in production condition (livestock types and breeds), degree of market orientation (feed stuffs), and socio-economics conditions (knowledge and production habit) due to different ethnic groups of the families. Information used came from interviews in panel survey, collected twice over two years. The descriptive analysis, historical analysis and comparative analysis show that family resources become increasingly scarce along the gradient from the market proximity to remote areas. The economic success follows the same trend with increasing remoteness, and the farm, off-farm and family income decrease. The study also found a relation between resource availability for crop and livestock and the size of the land. The livestock contribution to income is important for the bigger farms with a low production potential as well as for the small farms with high production potential. Fluctuations of resource availability and use over two years show that the resources are over-used. There is increasing utilisation of land in order to increase income while land quality seems to decrease. Results of regression models show that a small change in the animal sector impacts greatly the income and living standard of the families, offering an opportunity for the development of mixed farming systems, and hinting at its high potential for their future development. The impact analyses of potential future strategies were made using linear programming models at family level. Increasing the capacity of stables in order to increase herd size as well as comprehensive veterinary care could improve income. Improving income for families in remote areas is usually very hard to achieve.
Sustainable Land Use In Mountainous Regions Of Southeast Asia
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Author : Franz J. Heidhüs
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-01-08
Sustainable Land Use In Mountainous Regions Of Southeast Asia written by Franz J. Heidhüs and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-01-08 with Science categories.
This book creates a scientific base for the development and testing of sustainable production and land use systems in ecologically fragile and economically disadvantaged mountainous regions in Southeast Asia; to develop concepts for rural institutions that can reduce rural poverty and food insecurity, and improve livelihoods in mountainous regions in Southeast Asia; and to explore methods for analyzing complex ecosystems and their interactions with the socio-cultural, economic and institutional environment.
Suitability Of Different Awassi Lines For Efficient Sheep Production Of Bedouins In The Negev In Israel
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Author : Anna Al Baqain
language : en
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
Release Date : 2012-07-19
Suitability Of Different Awassi Lines For Efficient Sheep Production Of Bedouins In The Negev In Israel written by Anna Al Baqain and has been published by Cuvillier Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-07-19 with Science categories.
Summary In Israel, more than half of the national sheep flock is kept by Bedouin in the Negev desert. Extensive production systems co-exist besides semi-intensive systems with varying economic success. There is a constant regional demand for sheep meat, but the local supply is not able to cover it. The wide gap between the performance potential of the commonly used and environmentally adapted local Awassi and improved sheep breeds suggests an increase in economic efficiency by intensification of breeding. The choice of a suitable breed for a specific system is seen as key factor for the farm success and requires the knowledge of the animals’ adaptation. Information on the performance of Bedouin sheep flocks under the given harsh production conditions are, however, missing. The purpose of the study was thus a characterization of current production systems, the assessment of the aggregated performance of the different Awassi lines kept in those systems and the impact of socio-economic and production factors on the efficiency of Bedouin sheep production. Also breeding objectives of Bedouin sheep farmers were investigated. The role of new breeding technologies in the ongoing process of intensification of sheep farming systems was analyzed and discussed. Data collection was step-wise with repeated field surveys from January 2007 till March 2009, lasting 6 months altogether. In a first diagnostic survey 30 Bedouin households in the Negev desert, located in two different climatic zones, arid and semi-arid, and keeping a minimum flock size of 50 animals, were visited. Households were grouped into 4 tribe groups according to location and ethnical background. In a second step, 21 households of the previous sample were visited again and grouped according to the breed composition of their flocks and by their use of hormonal synchronization and/or artificial insemination. Semi-structured interviews and participative observation yielded information about the socio-economic situation of the household, function of flocks, the livestock husbandry, sheep management and production. Sheep market surveys, key person interviews and secondary data were used for verification of data. Detailed information on sheep was obtained through on-farm performance recording run in 16 sheep farms, including a total of 2420 breeding ewes. Sheep of different Improved Awassi lines were present in those experimental flocks, including the Afec Awassi, carrying the Booroola gene (BB/B+), which has a major impact on prolificacy, and the Assaf breed. In a last step, 56 sheep farmers from different parts of the Negev were asked about their selection criteria for replacement. Trait preferences were derived by a consecutive ranking technique. The data analysis incorporated descriptive statistics, general linear models and non-parametric tests performed with SAS 9.1 and SAS 9.2 software. The diagnostic survey revealed that functions of sheep flocks differed significantly between tribes: in the semi-arid area with a main focus on generating income, and in tribes of the arid zone with a higher importance of subsistence related and social purposes. The primary purpose was meat production. The dual purpose of meat and milk was still found in 57% of the farms, yet only 13% of the farms were selling milk products. The missing market access was the main reason for a strong decline in the use of milk, wool and manure during the last decade. Lamb meat, providing the main output of all farms, ranged from 13 to 58 kg of marketable live weight per ewe and year (LME). Classified according to their LME, 30% of the investigated farms followed an extensive, 47% a semi-extensive and 23% a semi-intensive management. Significant differences in meat output were found for the factors tribe group, breed composition of flocks and selling age of lambs. The gross margin per ewe and year varied between -27 € and 54 € and the net benefit per flock and year (NB) between -7,020 € and 20,993 €. Both economic parameters were positively related to the meat output. Negative NB’s were realized by 43% of the farms, belonging foremost to traditional Bedouin tribes, oriented towards subsistence and living in remote areas. Only 27% of economically successful farms generated an income comparable to that of a part-time off-farm job. These farmers regularly used veterinary services to introduce improved breeds and modern breeding technology. Their good market access facilitated a strong market-oriented production, integrating lamb fattening, which had the highest impact on the production success. During the two years of research a severe drought occurred in the study region, causing a decline in LME, due to lower lambing rates and higher mortalities. To adapt to changing conditions, farms keeping the pure local Awassi breed reduced their flock sizes stronger than farms keeping also crossbreds. Consequently, the LME and the NB decreased stronger in flocks of pure local Awassi, compared to flocks with crossbreds. The decline in the NB was 14 times lower in flocks with use of hormonal synchronization and/or artificial insemination than in flocks with the local breed kept under traditional management. The lowest decline in the NB and the benefit cost ratio (BCR) were found in flocks with more than 50% crossbreds. Yet, a high variation in performance among flocks with different degrees of crossbreeding was detected. Data analysis of flocks with permanent performance recording revealed that prolificacy was significantly affected by breed, besides farm and parity. Afec Awassi (B+) ewes had a significantly (p
Economic And Environmental Performance Of Sugarcane Production In Kenya
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Author : Richard M. Mulwa
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Economic And Environmental Performance Of Sugarcane Production In Kenya written by Richard M. Mulwa and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Sugar growing categories.
Development And Application Of An Economic Model For Agricultural Policy Simulation In China
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Author : Guanghua Lin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Development And Application Of An Economic Model For Agricultural Policy Simulation In China written by Guanghua Lin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Agriculture categories.
Socio Economic Development In Indigenous And Non Indigenous Systems In Brazil
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Author : Herta Avalos Viegas
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Socio Economic Development In Indigenous And Non Indigenous Systems In Brazil written by Herta Avalos Viegas and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Agricultural systems categories.
The rainforest zone in Brazil is under pressure through encroachment of farming and other sectors, which lead to ecologically unbalanced development, reducing the living potential of indigenous communities. The Bananal Island wetland is located in the transition zone between the Amazon and Cerrado (Savannah) ecosystems. The conflicting interest of the rural actors on using the natural resources lead to the demarcation of most of its territory as Indigenous Lands. This book attempts to analyze the socio-economic potentials of indigenous and non-indigenous systems presented in the adjacent zone of Bananal Island, along the Javae River. Special emphasis is given to the relationship of the indigenous communities with smallholders expelled out of the island and large-scale farm and ranch systems; and how this relationship may affect the living standard of the two less economically favorable groups. The results show that for indigenous communities some of the actions of the government had improved a few components of their living standard raising them up to the level of smallholders and the fishermen found in the region. The smallholders were allocated in settlements. The poor infrastructure of the settlement studied and the absence of financial incentives for agricultural activities push these smallholders to establish small enterprises in order to guarantee their living standard. The large-scale farms and ranches are mainly market oriented and are dependent mostly on the national economic fluctuation. They are high dependent of external labour to run their production activities. There is a concern about the scarcity of specialized technical labour in the region. The training of the smallholders could fill this gap and avoid future encroachments into Bananal Island as occurred in the past.
A Re Examination Of Some Theories On Food Production And Population Pressure
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Author : Chinedum Uzoma Nwajiuba
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
A Re Examination Of Some Theories On Food Production And Population Pressure written by Chinedum Uzoma Nwajiuba and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Agricultural productivity categories.
Issues And Challenges In Rural Development
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Author : Siegfried Bauer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Issues And Challenges In Rural Development written by Siegfried Bauer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Agriculture categories.
Variety Attributes Farmers Preferences And Rice Technology Adoption In Nepal
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Author : Ganesh Raj Joshi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Variety Attributes Farmers Preferences And Rice Technology Adoption In Nepal written by Ganesh Raj Joshi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Crop diversification categories.
Soil Conservation And Sustainable Agriculture
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Author : Le Thi Hoa Sen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Soil Conservation And Sustainable Agriculture written by Le Thi Hoa Sen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Soil conservation categories.