The Impact Of Driver Cell Phone Use On Accidents
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The Impact Of Driver Cell Phone Use On Accidents
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Author : Robert W. Hahn
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
The Impact Of Driver Cell Phone Use On Accidents written by Robert W. Hahn and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with categories.
Cell phone use is increasing worldwide, leading to a concern that cell phone use while driving increases accidents. Several countries, as well as two states and many municipalities in the U.S., have banned the use of hand-held cell phones while driving. In this paper, we develop a new approach for estimating the relationship between cell phone use while driving and accidents. Our approach is the first to allow for the direct estimation of the impact of a cell phone ban while driving. It is based on new survey data from over 7,000 individuals. This paper differs from previous research in two significant ways: first, we use a larger sample of individual-level data; and second, we test for selection effects, such as whether drivers who use cell phones are inherently less safe drivers, even when not on the phone. The paper has three key findings. First, there is evidence of selection effects. Our analysis suggests that individuals who are more likely to use hands-free devices are more careful drivers even without them. Once we correct for the endogeneity of hands-free usage, our models predict no statistically significant reduction in accidents from mandating that usage must be hands-free. Second, we find that the impact of minutes of cell phone use on accidents varies across the population. Even after controlling for observed driver characteristics, our random coefficient models show there is additional variation in the cell phone impacts on accidents, particularly for female drivers. Previous studies of cell phone usage and accident risk are thus subject to selection bias. We calculate that previous estimates of the impact of cell phone usage on risk for the population may be overstated by 36%. Finally, we explore the impact of a ban on cell phone use while driving. We cannot reject the hypothesis that a ban would have no effect on the number of accidents. Our estimates of the reduction in accidents from a ban on cell phone use while driving are both lower and less certain than previous studies indicate.
The Impact Of In Vehicle Cell Phone Use On Accidents Or Near Accidents Among College Students
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Author : D.-C. Seo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
The Impact Of In Vehicle Cell Phone Use On Accidents Or Near Accidents Among College Students written by D.-C. Seo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with categories.
With in-vehicle use of cell phones rapidly increasing, the safety of young drivers, who represent 14[percent] of licensed drivers but 26[percent] of drivers involved in fatal crashes, may be disproportionately threatened. The authors used a questionnaire to examine the association between in-vehicle cell-phone use and accidents or near-accidents among 1,291 conveniently recruited college students in 4 states. Of the 1,185 respondents who were drivers, 87[percent] had a cell phone, and 86[percent] of the cell-phone owners reported talking while driving at least occasionally. Of the 762 reported accidents or near-accidents, 21[percent] (n = 159) involved at least 1 of the drivers talking while driving. Chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses showed that the frequency, not the duration, of drivers talking while driving was related to experiencing accidents or near-accidents. Differences between drivers who used cell phones and nonusers in unsafe driving behaviors and attitudes were also examined, and target groups for intervention efforts
Evaluating California S Handheld Cell Phone Use Ban
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Author : Amy Kathleen Stewart
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Evaluating California S Handheld Cell Phone Use Ban written by Amy Kathleen Stewart and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Driver inattention has long been an issue for traffic safety advocates. Drivers may only briefly look away to change the radio station, answer a phone call, send a text message, or speak to a passenger; however, taking their eyes off the road decreases driver awareness and increases the likelihood of a collision. One of the main sources of driver inattention is the use of cell phones while driving. In California, lawmakers sought to address the dangers of cell phone use while driving by banning the use of hand-held cell phones while operating a vehicle. California's ban went into effect July 1, 2008, and while there have been multiple changes to the law in the five years since, there has been little evaluation as to whether the law achieved its goal of reducing accidents. Using accident report data compiled in the Statewide Integrated Traffic Records System, I performed three regression analyses to determine whether California's law prohibiting cell phone use while driving resulted in fewer traffic accidents in the year after the law went into effect compared to the year prior. The first two logistic regression models measure fatal accidents and injury accidents for both years to establish the impact of cell phone use on these types of accidents. The third model measures the impact of the law on accidents involving cell phone use. The general causal factors identified are the year during which the accident occurred, driver behavior, driver demographics, accident time, accident location, weather conditions, and road conditions. In evaluating the final regression results for Model 1 (Accident Involving Fatality=1), the key explanatory variable (Cell Phone in Use) was not statistically significant. For Model 2 (Accident with Injury=1), Cell Phone in Use was both statistically significant and had a positive impact on the likelihood of being in an injury accident. Based on the results, a driver was 30.61 percent more likely to be involved in an accident involving an injury versus an accident with no injury or a fatality, while using a cell phone than a driver not using a cell phone, all else held constant. For Model 3 (Cell Phone Use While Driving and Being Involved in Accident=1), the results for the key explanatory variable (FY 2008/2009) were statistically significant and indicated that a driver was 42.79 percent less likely to be involved in an accident involving cell phone use than not involving a cell phone, in the year after the law went into effect compared to the prior year. These results must come with the caveat that not all factors influencing a driver's behavior may be accounted for and that not all accidents resulting from driver cell phone use may be identified in the data set given the low Pseudo R2 values for each of the three models (Model 1 - 0.0631; Model 2 - 0.0248; Model 3 - 0.0540). Primarily, I recommended that a better method of data collection be identified to ensure the accuracy of conclusion drawn from data analysis. Possible suggestions include the development of best practices for law enforcement in identifying cell phone use at an accident and making the indication of cell phone use mandatory on the accident report. Secondary recommendations include using the demographic results of this study to inform public awareness campaigns to target those drivers most likely to be involved in an accident involving cell phone use and to inform driver education training.
Investigation Of The Use Of Mobile Phones While Driving
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Author : Alaisdair Cain
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Investigation Of The Use Of Mobile Phones While Driving written by Alaisdair Cain and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Summarizes existing info. on the subject of mobile phone use while driving, in order to provide a concise summary of the issues for the public, researchers, and legislators alike. Discusses the benefits of mobile phone usage while driving, such as driver safety and time use efficiency, and negative aspects such as its potential for driver distraction resulting in accidents. Contains info. on the demographics of mobile phone use in the U.S., focusing on user demographics and frequency of usage while driving. People who used a mobile phone while driving were anywhere from 34% to 300% more likely to have an accident. Charts and tables.
Highway Safety
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Author : Linda J. Washington
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 2009-06
Highway Safety written by Linda J. Washington and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Fatalities on U.S. roads now total over 40,000 each year. Future reductions may require the Dept. of Transportation (DoT) to address new trends such as evolving crash-avoidance technologies and rapidly changing electronic devices that may distract drivers who use them on the road. This report examines how DoT is addressing fast-moving trends such as these, and examines how DoT is: (1) deciding on responses to the crash avoidance and electronic distractions trends --given available evidence and uncertainties; (2) developing new evidence on these trends' safety impacts; and (3) communicating with the Congress about these and other trends and related issues. Includes recommendations. Illustrations.
Mobile Phones And Driving
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Author : Daniel M. Sturnquist
language : en
Publisher: Nova Publishers
Release Date : 2006
Mobile Phones And Driving written by Daniel M. Sturnquist and has been published by Nova Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Health & Fitness categories.
In the United States, as well as worldwide, there has been substantial growth in the use of mobile wireless telecommunication services (mobile telephones). The use of mobile telephones by the drivers of motor vehicles has been the subject of certain state and local restrictions that were written because of concerns for driver safety. At the present time, eighteen states and the District of Columbia have enacted legislation concerning the use of mobile telephones by drivers of motor vehicles. The existing state laws vary greatly and are summarised in this book. Fifty-three pieces of legislation have been introduced in 2004 in twenty-six states and the District of Columbia concerning the use of mobile telephones by drivers of motor vehicles. The current status of state legislation is summarised state by-state in this book. The book includes a bibliography of other books regarding this issue, as well.
Cell Phone Use In Motor Vehicle Crashes
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Cell Phone Use In Motor Vehicle Crashes written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Cell phones categories.
Public Program Evaluation
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Author : Laura Langbein
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-12-18
Public Program Evaluation written by Laura Langbein and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-12-18 with Philosophy categories.
This readable and comprehensive text is designed to equip students and practitioners with the statistical skills needed to meet government standards regarding public program evaluation. Even those with little statistical training will find the explanations clear, with many illustrative examples, case studies, and applications. Far more than a cookbook of statistical techniques, the book begins with chapters on the overall context for successful program evaluations, and carefully explains statistical methods--and threats to internal and statistical validity--that correspond to each evaluation design. Laura Langbein then presents a variety of methods for program analysis, and advise readers on how to select the mix of methods most appropriate for the issues they deal with-- always balancing methodology with the need for generality, the size of the evaluator's budget, the availability of data, and the need for quick results.
Cell Phone Use And Motor Vehicle Collisions
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Author : Dean Sugano
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Cell Phone Use And Motor Vehicle Collisions written by Dean Sugano and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Attention categories.
The Effects Of Different Types Of Cell Phone Use Automation And Personality On Driver Performance And Subjective State In Simulated Driving
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Author : Catherine Neubauer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
The Effects Of Different Types Of Cell Phone Use Automation And Personality On Driver Performance And Subjective State In Simulated Driving written by Catherine Neubauer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Driver distraction is a leading cause of vehicular accidents (Strayer & Johnston, 2001). There are numerous types of driver distraction, but one type in particular, cell phone use, seems to be exceptionally dangerous to drivers. These 'newer', technology-based distractions are more dangerous because they are more cognitively demanding, requiring the driver to manage multiple visual, manual and auditory demands while attempting to remain engaged in the primary task of driving. Additionally, there may be differences in driver performance depending on the type of cell phone usage such as calling back and text messaging. These issues may be conceptualized within models of driver workload. The present study investigated the effects of two relevant workload factors on driver performance: type of phone usage and automation of driving systems. Automation is an emerging trend among automakers that can potentially assist drivers by reducing workload, but recent studies suggest that automation might provoke dangerous states of underload in which effort is withdrawn from the driving task. There may also be individual differences in response to distraction that are linked to personality factors. As predicted from the workload model, the present study found that there are differential effects of talking on a cell phone versus texting, with text messaging shown to be associated with worse vehicle control. Individuals in the text messaging group also had the highest levels of distress following the drive. Drivers given a choice of response options tended to favor texting over talking, illustrating drivers' lack of insight into the safety issues. Automation did not produce clear signs of underload, such as large-magnitude loss of task engagement, suggesting there may be some benefits to phone use during automated driving. In sum, results demonstrate that talking and texting on a cell phone have differing impacts on driver safety, as well as providing further evidence to the benefits as well as dangers associated with vehicle automation.