The Measurement Of Hate Crimes In America
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The Measurement Of Hate Crimes In America
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Author : Frank S. Pezzella
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-10-23
The Measurement Of Hate Crimes In America written by Frank S. Pezzella and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-23 with Social Science categories.
Using data from the Uniform Crime Reporting Hate Crime Statistics Program and the National Crime Victimization Survey, this brief highlights the uniqueness of hate or bias crime victimization. It compares these to non-bias crimes and delineates the situational circumstances that distinguish bias from non-bias offending. The nuances of under-reporting shed light on bias-group and victim reasons for not reporting. By examining measurement issues associated with data collection systems, this brief helps explain why eighty-nine percent of participating law enforcement agencies report zero hate crimes each year. It describes patterns and trends in reporting the volume of general bias motivations and specific bias types, as the most prevalent hate crime offense types and most likely victims and offenders. With recommendations to address issues in measurement and under-reporting, including an action plan by the Enhance the Response to Hate Crimes Advisory Committee and the International Association of Chiefs of Police, a best practice model by the Oak Creek Police Department, and other promising law enforcement reporting models, this brief provides an increasingly critical resource for law enforcement practitioners and researchers dealing with hate crimes.
Hate Crime In America
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Author : Danielle Smith-Llera
language : en
Publisher: Compass Point Books
Release Date : 2020
Hate Crime In America written by Danielle Smith-Llera and has been published by Compass Point Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Juvenile Nonfiction categories.
Hate crime in the United States is on the rise. The FBI has reported that hate crimes rose by 17 percent in 2017, increasing for the third straight year, and the trend continued into 2018 and 2019. The crimes are most commonly motivated by hatred related to race, ethnicity, or country of origin. Many crimes are also motivated by bias against sexual orientation or gender identity. Students will learn why hate crime is on the rise and how they can help combat it.
Understanding Hate Crimes
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Author : Carolyn Turpin-Petrosino
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2015-03-27
Understanding Hate Crimes written by Carolyn Turpin-Petrosino and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-03-27 with Psychology categories.
Hate crimes and lesser acts of bigotry and intolerance are seen to be constants in today’s world. Since 1990, the federal government has published annual reports on hate crime incidents in the United States. While the reported numbers are disturbing, even more devastating is the impact of these crimes on individuals, communities, and society. This comprehensive textbook can serve as a stand-alone source for instructors and students who study hate crimes and/or other related acts. It invites the reader to consider relevant social mores and practices as well as criminal justice policies as they relate to hate crimes by presenting this subject within a broad context.
Hate Crime
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Author : Robert J. Kelly
language : en
Publisher: SIU Press
Release Date : 1998
Hate Crime written by Robert J. Kelly and has been published by SIU Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Law categories.
These previously unpublished essays explore the international phenomenon of hate crimes, examining the socio-psychological dynamics of these crimes and the settings in which they occur, the relationships between offenders and their victims, the emotional states of the participants, and the legal and law enforcement responses to these crimes. The essays address religious, racial, ethnic, and sexual crimes in the United States, Latin America, Africa, Europe, and the Middle East. The essayists provide historical reviews of the problems and the ways local authorities understand and cope with the dilemmas as well as prognoses about the persistence of hate crime and the measures that can be taken to control and contain it. "Introduction", Robert J. Kelly and Jess Maghan "Black Rage, Murder, Racism, and Madness: The Metamorphosis of Colin Ferguson", Robert J. Kelly "The Neo-Nazis and Skinheads of Germany: Purveyors of Hate", Robert Harnishmacher and Robert J. Kelly "The Ku Klux Klan: Recurring Hate in America", Robert J. Kelly "The Homeless Palestinians in Israel and the Arab World", Ghada Talhami "Hate Crimes in India: A Historical Perspective", Asad ur Rahman "Social Cleansing in Colombia: The War on Street Children", Suzanne Wilson and Julia Greider-Durango "The Emergence and Implications of American Hate Crime Jurisprudence", James B. Jacobs "Spectacular Punishment and the Orchestration of Hate: The Pillory and Popular Morality in Eighteenth-Century England", Antony E. Simpson "Epilogue", Robert J. Kelly and Jess Maghan "An Annotated Bibliography of Hate Crime Literature", Jess Maghan
Making Hate A Crime
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Author : Valerie Jenness
language : en
Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation
Release Date : 2001-08-15
Making Hate A Crime written by Valerie Jenness and has been published by Russell Sage Foundation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-08-15 with Social Science categories.
Violence motivated by racism, anti-Semitism, misogyny, and homophobia weaves a tragic pattern throughout American history. Fueled by recent high-profile cases, hate crimes have achieved an unprecedented visibility. Only in the past twenty years, however, has this kind of violence—itself as old as humankind—been specifically categorized and labeled as hate crime. Making Hate a Crime is the first book to trace the emergence and development of hate crime as a concept, illustrating how it has become institutionalized as a social fact and analyzing its policy implications. In Making Hate a Crime Valerie Jenness and Ryken Grattet show how the concept of hate crime emerged and evolved over time, as it traversed the arenas of American politics, legislatures, courts, and law enforcement. In the process, violence against people of color, immigrants, Jews, gays and lesbians, women, and persons with disabilities has come to be understood as hate crime, while violence against other vulnerable victims-octogenarians, union members, the elderly, and police officers, for example-has not. The authors reveal the crucial role social movements played in the early formulation of hate crime policy, as well as the way state and federal politicians defined the content of hate crime statutes, how judges determined the constitutional validity of those statutes, and how law enforcement has begun to distinguish between hate crime and other crime. Hate crime took on different meanings as it moved from social movement concept to law enforcement practice. As a result, it not only acquired a deeper jurisprudential foundation but its scope of application has been restricted in some ways and broadened in others. Making Hate a Crime reveals how our current understanding of hate crime is a mix of political and legal interpretations at work in the American policymaking process. Jenness and Grattet provide an insightful examination of the birth of a new category in criminal justice: hate crime. Their findings have implications for emerging social problems such as school violence, television-induced violence, elder-abuse, as well as older ones like drunk driving, stalking, and sexual harassment. Making Hate a Crime presents a fresh perspective on how social problems and the policies devised in response develop over time. A Volume in the American Sociological Association's Rose Series in Sociology
Predicting Hate Crime Reporting To Police
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Author : Heather Zaykowski
language : en
Publisher: ProQuest
Release Date : 2008
Predicting Hate Crime Reporting To Police written by Heather Zaykowski and has been published by ProQuest this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Hate crimes categories.
Significant variation among the legal and scholarly definitions of hate crimes impact how these crimes are measured. Although scholars tend to use the Uniform Crime Reports to understand the scope of hate crime in the United States, these data suffer from limitations due to this lack of conformity as well as the future of local agencies to submit hate crime statistics. Furthermore, a crime has to be reported to police to be counted in the UCR data. Using the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) 1992-2005, this paper examines the factors related to police reporting behavior by violent hate crime through analyzing the demographic (gender, race, education, age, urban location) and the contextual characteristics of the incident (victim-offender relationship, severity: injury to victim, weapon used, multiple offenders). Particular attention was given to racial hate crimes to investigate differences within hate crime victimization categories. Understanding the mechanisms of police reporting behavior is important because the failure of victims to contact authorities undermines the ability of the criminal justice system to appropriately punish hate crime offenders and effectively deter future incidents. Supporting previous studies on victimization reporting, severity of the incident, gender and offenders unknown to the victim significantly and substantially increased reporting likelihood. Most interestingly, race did not dramatically impact reporting behavior for total hate crime, but had a significant and substantial effect on racial hate crime. Victimizations of Whites were more than 50 percent more likely to be reported than Non-White victimizations for racial hate crime.
The Violence Of Hate
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Author : Jack Levin
language : en
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
Release Date : 2017
The Violence Of Hate written by Jack Levin and has been published by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Antisemitism categories.
This is a core textbook for a violence and society course taught in a variety of departments; it can also be used as a supplemental textbook in a social problems course.
Hate Crimes In America
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Author : Melissa Abramovitz
language : en
Publisher: ABDO
Release Date : 2016-12-15
Hate Crimes In America written by Melissa Abramovitz and has been published by ABDO this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-12-15 with Juvenile Nonfiction categories.
Hate Crimes in America covers the history of crimes motivated by prejudice, examples of such incidents in the headlines today, and the ways in which communities are responding to these vicious acts. Aligned to Common Core Standards and correlated to state standards. Essential Library is an imprint of Abdo Publishing, a division of ABDO.
Hate Crimes Revisited
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Author : Jack Levin
language : en
Publisher: Basic Books
Release Date : 2009-03-25
Hate Crimes Revisited written by Jack Levin and has been published by Basic Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-03-25 with Social Science categories.
Two leading experts on hate crime reassess the threat of violence based on difference--whether in sexual orientation, race, gender, ethnicity, or citizenship-- to help us better understand and ultimately prevent such acts from occurring in the future.
A Policymaker S Guide To Hate Crimes
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Author : U.s. Department of Justice
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Pub
Release Date : 2012-08-12
A Policymaker S Guide To Hate Crimes written by U.s. Department of Justice and has been published by Createspace Independent Pub this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-08-12 with Law categories.
Despite the best efforts of political and community leaders to foster tolerance and understanding, deep-seated racial tensions continue to plague the Nation. News stories of bias-motivated incidents fill the national pages of major U.S. newspapers. A rash of arsons at African-American churches in the South, for example, has spurred the Federal Government to launch a major investigation that, so far, has led to the arrest of 120 suspects. Of the 298 Federal arson investigations carried out between January 1995 and November 1996, approximately 43 percent involved fires at black churches, although white churches far outnumber black churches in the Nation. Political and religious leaders said that the disproportionate number of black churches being burned indicated that the Nation was experiencing a serious wave of hate crimes. While the hate crime problem has moved up the political agendas of policymakers at every level of government in recent years, the phenomenon is hardly new. From the Romans' persecution of Christians and the Nazis' “final solution” for the Jews to the “ethnic cleansing” in Bosnia and genocide in Rwanda, hate crimes have shaped and sometimes defined world history. In the United States, racial and religious biases largely have inspired most hate crimes. As Europeans began to colonize the New World in the 16th and 17th centuries, Native Americans increasingly became the targets of biasmotivated intimidation and violence. During the past two centuries, some of the more typical examples of hate crimes in this Nation include the lynchings of African Americans, cross burnings to drive black families from predominantly white neighborhoods, assaults on homosexuals, and the painting of swastikas on Jewish synagogues. For the purposes of this monograph, hate crimes, or bias-motivated crimes, are defined as offenses motivated by hatred against a victim based on his or her race, religion, sexual orientation, handicap, ethnicity, or national origin. While such a definition may make identifying a hate crime seem like a simple task, criminal acts motivated by bias can easily be confused with forms of expression protected by the U.S. Constitution. In recent years hate crimes and related legal issues have received a significant amount of coverage and commentary in the news media. As a result of several dramatic incidents of hate crimes and domestic terrorism, public awareness and concern over bias-motivated crimes have heightened, and the topic has steadily moved up the political agendas of leaders at every level of government. These developments have led Attorney General Janet Reno to seek an assessment of laws and strategies designed to fight, gauge, and prevent bias-motivated offenses; this monograph both reflects and helps meet that commitment. A Policymaker's Guide to Hate Crimes is the product of a review of recent literature on hate crimes, interviews with hate crime experts, and attendance at congressional hearings and a planning meeting on hate crimes and terrorism. It is meant to explain, in layperson's terms, the scope and nature of the Nation's hate crime problem and to provide a general overview of the current responses to hate crimes by local, State, and Federal government agencies; law enforcement authorities; and civil rights groups. This monograph examines the significant strides made by the Federal Government in creating a baseline of raw data on hate crimes and the problems that impede the reporting of hate crime incidents. In addition, the monograph summarizes current State laws and U.S. Supreme Court decisions regarding hate crimes. Preventive measures and tactics for dealing with hate crime offenders also are discussed with references to vanguard programs in specific communities. We hope that this monograph will educate and guide public officials in developing policies that address one of the Nation's most insidious problems.