The Real Numbers
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The Real Numbers
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Author : John Stillwell
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-10-16
The Real Numbers written by John Stillwell and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-16 with Mathematics categories.
While most texts on real analysis are content to assume the real numbers, or to treat them only briefly, this text makes a serious study of the real number system and the issues it brings to light. Analysis needs the real numbers to model the line, and to support the concepts of continuity and measure. But these seemingly simple requirements lead to deep issues of set theory—uncountability, the axiom of choice, and large cardinals. In fact, virtually all the concepts of infinite set theory are needed for a proper understanding of the real numbers, and hence of analysis itself. By focusing on the set-theoretic aspects of analysis, this text makes the best of two worlds: it combines a down-to-earth introduction to set theory with an exposition of the essence of analysis—the study of infinite processes on the real numbers. It is intended for senior undergraduates, but it will also be attractive to graduate students and professional mathematicians who, until now, have been content to "assume" the real numbers. Its prerequisites are calculus and basic mathematics. Mathematical history is woven into the text, explaining how the concepts of real number and infinity developed to meet the needs of analysis from ancient times to the late twentieth century. This rich presentation of history, along with a background of proofs, examples, exercises, and explanatory remarks, will help motivate the reader. The material covered includes classic topics from both set theory and real analysis courses, such as countable and uncountable sets, countable ordinals, the continuum problem, the Cantor–Schröder–Bernstein theorem, continuous functions, uniform convergence, Zorn's lemma, Borel sets, Baire functions, Lebesgue measure, and Riemann integrable functions.
The Real Numbers And Real Analysis
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Author : Ethan D. Bloch
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-05-27
The Real Numbers And Real Analysis written by Ethan D. Bloch and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-05-27 with Mathematics categories.
This text is a rigorous, detailed introduction to real analysis that presents the fundamentals with clear exposition and carefully written definitions, theorems, and proofs. It is organized in a distinctive, flexible way that would make it equally appropriate to undergraduate mathematics majors who want to continue in mathematics, and to future mathematics teachers who want to understand the theory behind calculus. The Real Numbers and Real Analysis will serve as an excellent one-semester text for undergraduates majoring in mathematics, and for students in mathematics education who want a thorough understanding of the theory behind the real number system and calculus.
Exploring The Real Numbers
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Author : Frederick W. Stevenson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
Exploring The Real Numbers written by Frederick W. Stevenson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Mathematics categories.
Exploring the Real Numbers helps readers understand the real number system. Stevenson brings readers up to date with the study of the nature of real numbers, and provides a sense of the historical journey that has led to our current knowledge of the subject. Presents many interesting topics that arise during study of the real numbers. Offers 21 exploratory projects, encouraging readers to pursue concepts beyond the book. Includes over 100 carefully worked examples. Features abundant exercises throughout. For anyone interested in learning more about some of the very different and often beautiful aspects of mathematics.
Theorem Proving With The Real Numbers
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Author : John Harrison
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Theorem Proving With The Real Numbers written by John Harrison and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Computers categories.
This book discusses the use of the real numbers in theorem proving. Typ ically, theorem provers only support a few 'discrete' datatypes such as the natural numbers. However the availability of the real numbers opens up many interesting and important application areas, such as the verification of float ing point hardware and hybrid systems. It also allows the formalization of many more branches of classical mathematics, which is particularly relevant for attempts to inject more rigour into computer algebra systems. Our work is conducted in a version of the HOL theorem prover. We de scribe the rigorous definitional construction of the real numbers, using a new version of Cantor's method, and the formalization of a significant portion of real analysis. We also describe an advanced derived decision procedure for the 'Tarski subset' of real algebra as well as some more modest but practically useful tools for automating explicit calculations and routine linear arithmetic reasoning. Finally, we consider in more detail two interesting application areas. We discuss the desirability of combining the rigour of theorem provers with the power and convenience of computer algebra systems, and explain a method we have used in practice to achieve this. We then move on to the verification of floating point hardware. After a careful discussion of possible correctness specifications, we report on two case studies, one involving a transcendental function.
The Art Of The Intelligible
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Author : J. Bell
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
The Art Of The Intelligible written by J. Bell and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
A compact survey, at the elementary level, of some of the most important concepts of mathematics. Attention is paid to their technical features, historical development and broader philosophical significance. Each of the various branches of mathematics is discussed separately, but their interdependence is emphasised throughout. Certain topics - such as Greek mathematics, abstract algebra, set theory, geometry and the philosophy of mathematics - are discussed in detail. Appendices outline from scratch the proofs of two of the most celebrated limitative results of mathematics: the insolubility of the problem of doubling the cube and trisecting an arbitrary angle, and the Gödel incompleteness theorems. Additional appendices contain brief accounts of smooth infinitesimal analysis - a new approach to the use of infinitesimals in the calculus - and of the philosophical thought of the great 20th century mathematician Hermann Weyl. Readership: Students and teachers of mathematics, science and philosophy. The greater part of the book can be read and enjoyed by anyone possessing a good high school mathematics background.
Analytic Trigonometry With Applications
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Author : Raymond A. Barnett
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2011-11-22
Analytic Trigonometry With Applications written by Raymond A. Barnett and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-11-22 with Mathematics categories.
Barnett, Analytic Trigonometry is a text that students can actually read, understand, and apply. Concept development moves from the concrete to abstract to engage the student. Almost every concept is illustrated by an example followed by a matching problem allowing students to practice knowledge precisely when they acquire it. To gain student interest quickly, the text moves directly into trigonometric concepts and applications and reviews essential material from prerequisite courses only as needed. Extensive chapter review summaries, chapter and cumulative review exercises with answers keyed to the corresponding text sections, effective use of color comments and annotations, and prominent displays of important material all help the student master the subject. Analytic Trigonometry 11th edition includes updated applications from a range of different fields to convince all students that trigonometry is really useful. The seamless integration of Barnett, Analytical Trigonometry 11th edition with WileyPLUS, a research-based, online environment for effective teaching and learning, builds student confidence in mathematics because it takes the guesswork out of studying by providing them with a clear roadmap: what to do, how to do it, and whether they did it right. WileyPLUS sold separately from text. .
Mathematical Analysis And Its Inherent Nature
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Author : Hossein Hosseini Giv
language : en
Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.
Release Date : 2016-09-28
Mathematical Analysis And Its Inherent Nature written by Hossein Hosseini Giv and has been published by American Mathematical Soc. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-28 with Mathematics categories.
Mathematical analysis is often referred to as generalized calculus. But it is much more than that. This book has been written in the belief that emphasizing the inherent nature of a mathematical discipline helps students to understand it better. With this in mind, and focusing on the essence of analysis, the text is divided into two parts based on the way they are related to calculus: completion and abstraction. The first part describes those aspects of analysis which complete a corresponding area of calculus theoretically, while the second part concentrates on the way analysis generalizes some aspects of calculus to a more general framework. Presenting the contents in this way has an important advantage: students first learn the most important aspects of analysis on the classical space R and fill in the gaps of their calculus-based knowledge. Then they proceed to a step-by-step development of an abstract theory, namely, the theory of metric spaces which studies such crucial notions as limit, continuity, and convergence in a wider context. The readers are assumed to have passed courses in one- and several-variable calculus and an elementary course on the foundations of mathematics. A large variety of exercises and the inclusion of informal interpretations of many results and examples will greatly facilitate the reader's study of the subject.
Discourses On Algebra
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Author : Igor R. Shafarevich
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Discourses On Algebra written by Igor R. Shafarevich and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Mathematics categories.
I wish that algebra would be the Cinderella ofour story. In the math ematics program in schools, geometry has often been the favorite daugh ter. The amount of geometric knowledge studied in schools is approx imately equal to the level achieved in ancient Greece and summarized by Euclid in his Elements (third century B. C. ). For a long time, geom etry was taught according to Euclid; simplified variants have recently appeared. In spite of all the changes introduced in geometry cours es, geometry retains the influence of Euclid and the inclination of the grandiose scientific revolution that occurred in Greece. More than once I have met a person who said, "I didn't choose math as my profession, but I'll never forget the beauty of the elegant edifice built in geometry with its strict deduction of more and more complicated propositions, all beginning from the very simplest, most obvious statements!" Unfortunately, I have never heard a similar assessment concerning al gebra. Algebra courses in schools comprise a strange mixture of useful rules, logical judgments, and exercises in using aids such as tables of log arithms and pocket calculators. Such a course is closer in spirit to the brand of mathematics developed in ancient Egypt and Babylon than to the line of development that appeared in ancient Greece and then con tinued from the Renaissance in western Europe. Nevertheless, algebra is just as fundamental, just as deep, and just as beautiful as geometry.
The Philosophy Of Mathematics And Natural Laws
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Author : Noel Curran
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2019-07-23
The Philosophy Of Mathematics And Natural Laws written by Noel Curran and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-07-23 with Philosophy categories.
First published in 1997, this title is a sequel to Dr Noel Curran's first book The Logical Universe: The Real Universe (published by Ashgate under the Avebury imprint, 1994). The philosophy of mathematics in this book is based on ideas of Sir William Rowan Hamilton on the ordinal character of numbers, the real numbers, the measure numbers, scalar numbers and the extension to vectors. The final extension is to Hamilton’s quaternions. This algebra is interpreted as the mathematics of spin. This led to a a new theory of time and space which is Euclidian. The motion of spin is absolute, no frame of reference is required. If time is assumed to have a beginning it would be asymmetric with an arrow. This concept is applied to the laws of nature, which are symmetrical. This is another Copernican Revolution in three aspects: absolute time is restored, time has an arrow - is asymmetric, and thirdly the theory is based on the motion of spin which is absolute and more fundamental than the motion of translation. This opens the way to the final unification of physics.
Final Exam Review Elementary Algebra
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Author : A. A. Frempong
language : en
Publisher: microtextbooksdotcom
Release Date :
Final Exam Review Elementary Algebra written by A. A. Frempong and has been published by microtextbooksdotcom this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Elementary Algebra covers: Signed Number and Real Number Operations; Order of Operations and Evaluation of Expressions; Exponential Notation and Rules of Exponents; Polynomial addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division; Solving First Degree Equations;Word Problems; Ratio and Proportion; Factoring Polynomials; Solving quadratic equations by factoring & applications; Graphs, Slopes, Intercepts and Equations of Straight Lines; Solving Systems of Linear Equations and Word Problems; Radicals, square roots, addition & multiplication of radicals; Pythagorean Theorem and Applications; Areas and Perimeters; Algebraic Fractions (reduction, multiplication, division & addition); Solving Linear inequalities.