The Role Of Glia In Plasticity And Behavior
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The Role Of Glia In Plasticity And Behavior
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Author : Vladimir Parpura
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-01-06
The Role Of Glia In Plasticity And Behavior written by Vladimir Parpura and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-01-06 with Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry categories.
Glial cells are no longer considered passive bystanders in neuronal brain circuits. Not only are they required for housekeeping and brain metabolism, they are active participants in regulating the physiological function and plasticity of brain circuits and the online control of behavior both in invertebrate and vertebrate model systems. In invertebrates, glial cells are essential for normal function of sensory organs (C. elegans) and necessary for the circadian regulation of locomotor activity (D. melanogaster). In the mamallian brain, astrocytes are implicated in the regulation of cortical brain rhythms and sleep homeostasis. Disruption of AMPA receptor function in a subset of glial cell types in mice shows behavioral deficits. Furthermore, genetic disruption of glial cell function can directly control behavioral output. Regulation of ionic gradients by glia can underlie bistability of neurons and can modulate the fidelity of synaptic transmission. Grafting of human glial progenitor cells in mouse forebrain results in human glial chimeric mice with enhanced plasticity and improved behavioral performance, suggesting that astrocytes have evolved to cope with information processing in more complex brains. Taken together, current evidence is strongly suggestive that glial cells are essential contributors to information processing in the brain. This Research Topic compiles recent research that shows how the molecular mechanisms underlying glial cell function can be dissected, reviews their impact on plasticity and behavior across species and presents novel approaches to further probe their function.
Glial Cells
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Author : Peter R. Laming
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1998-06-28
Glial Cells written by Peter R. Laming and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998-06-28 with Medical categories.
This 1998 book discusses how neurons and glial cells interact with each other to influence behaviour.
Glial Cells
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Author : Peter R. Laming
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2011-02-17
Glial Cells written by Peter R. Laming and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-02-17 with Medical categories.
In mammals the glial (or glue) cells contribute some fifty percent of the volume of the brain. In contrast to the traditional view that they have a purely physically supportive role, research in the past three decades has shown that glia interact morphologically, biochemically, and physiologically with neurons during changes in behavior. The evidence suggests that glia may modulate neuronal activity and thereby influence behavior. This is the first book that describes and discusses these neuronal-glial interactions in relation to behavior. A distinguished set of authors addresses these interactions from a number of viewpoints.
Brain Plasticity And Behavior
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Author : Bryan Kolb
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2013-06-17
Brain Plasticity And Behavior written by Bryan Kolb and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-17 with Psychology categories.
There are few books devoted to the topic of brain plasticity and behavior. Most previous works that cover topics related to brain plasticity do not include extensive discussions of behavior. The first to try to address the relationship between recovery from brain damage and changes in the brain that might support the recovery, this volume includes studies of humans as well as laboratory species, particularly rats. The subject matter identifies a consistent correlation between specific changes in the brain and behavioral recovery, as well as various factors such as sex and experience that influence this correlation in consistent ways. Evolving from a series of lectures given as the McEachran Lectures at the University of Alberta, this volume originally began as a summary of the lectures, but has expanded to include more background literature, allowing the reader to see the author's biases, assumptions, and hunches in a broader perspective. In writing this volume, the author had two goals in mind: * to initiate senior undergraduates or graduate psychology, biology, neuroscience or other interested students to the issues and questions regarding the nature of brain plasticity, and * to provide a monograph in the form of an extended summary of the work the author and his colleagues have done on brain plasticity and recovery of function.
Glial Plasticity In Depression
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Author : João F. Oliveira
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-10-24
Glial Plasticity In Depression written by João F. Oliveira and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-10-24 with Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry categories.
Major depression is a highly prevalent disorder that poses a significant social burden in society nowadays. The pathophysiology of this disease is still poorly understood but growing evidence suggests that impaired neuron and glial plasticity may be a key underlying mechanism for the precipitation of the disorder. One of the most surprising findings in this field was the involvement of glial cells in the pathophysiology of major depression and in the action of antidepressants, namely in mechanisms related with adult neurogenesis imbalances or dendritic arborization impairments. In particular, several works refer to alterations in the morphology and numbers of astrocytes, microglia and oligodendrocytes in the context of depression in human patients or animal models of depression. These observations were linked to functional evidences and suggested to underlie the pathophysiology of depression. Among others, these include impairments in the cross-talk between glia and neurons, changes in the level of neurotransmitter or immunoactive substances, myelination status, synapse formation, maintenance, or elimination. In addition to the implication of glia in the pathophysiology of depression, a number of studies is ascribing glia pathways to classically accepted antidepressant mechanisms. Therefore, it is noteworthy to elucidate the role of glia in the effect provided by antidepressant treatment in order to better understand secondary effects and elucidate alternative targets for treatment.
The Hippocampus
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Author : Ales Stuchlik
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2018-07-11
The Hippocampus written by Ales Stuchlik and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-07-11 with Medical categories.
The hippocampus is an important brain region, a true central hub for memory of various kinds and other processes. Neuropsychiatric disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, drug addiction, and schizophrenia are characterized by hippocampal alterations. The dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is a site exhibiting adult neurogenesis. This book covers the topic of the hippocampus from various perspectives. It discusses adult neurogenesis, effect of enriched environments on hippocampal plasticity, and long-term potentiation-associated gene expression. The book also addresses multiscale representations of complex environments and strategies in the hippocampus-dependent spatial tasks. Finally, insight into the hippocampus as a link between negative affect and relapse to psychostimulants is provided. The book collects evidence of various hippocampal functions in healthy and disordered brain.
Circadian Plasticity A Collaboration Between Neuronal And Glial Oscillators
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Author : Jolanta Górska-Andrzejak
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2019-10-24
Circadian Plasticity A Collaboration Between Neuronal And Glial Oscillators written by Jolanta Górska-Andrzejak and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-24 with categories.
Enteric Glia
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Author : Brian D. Gulbransen
language : en
Publisher: Biota Publishing
Release Date : 2014-07-01
Enteric Glia written by Brian D. Gulbransen and has been published by Biota Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-07-01 with Medical categories.
The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a complex neural network embedded in the gut wall that orchestrates the reflex behaviors of the intestine. The ENS is often referred to as the “little brain” in the gut because the ENS is more similar in size, complexity and autonomy to the central nervous system (CNS) than other components of the autonomic nervous system. Like the brain, the ENS is composed of neurons that are surrounded by glial cells. Enteric glia are a unique type of peripheral glia that are similar to astrocytes of the CNS. Yet enteric glial cells also differ from astrocytes in many important ways. The roles of enteric glial cell populations in the gut are beginning to come to light and recent evidence implicates enteric glia in almost every aspect of gastrointestinal physiology and pathophysiology. However, elucidating the exact mechanisms by which enteric glia influence gastrointestinal physiology and identifying how those roles are altered during gastrointestinal pathophysiology remain areas of intense research. The purpose of this e-book is to provide an introduction to enteric glial cells and to act as a resource for ongoing studies on this fascinating population of glia. Table of Contents: Introduction / A Historical Perspective on Enteric Glia / Enteric Glia: The Astroglia of the Gut / Molecular Composition of Enteric Glia / Development of Enteric Glia / Functional Roles of Enteric Glia / Enteric Glia and Disease Processes in the Gut / Concluding Remarks / References / Author Biography
Neural Plasticity And Memory
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Author : Federico Bermudez-Rattoni
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2007-04-17
Neural Plasticity And Memory written by Federico Bermudez-Rattoni and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-04-17 with Psychology categories.
A comprehensive, multidisciplinary review, Neural Plasticity and Memory: From Genes to Brain Imaging provides an in-depth, up-to-date analysis of the study of the neurobiology of memory. Leading specialists share their scientific experience in the field, covering a wide range of topics where molecular, genetic, behavioral, and brain imaging techniq
From Neurons To Neighborhoods
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2000-11-13
From Neurons To Neighborhoods written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-11-13 with Social Science categories.
How we raise young children is one of today's most highly personalized and sharply politicized issues, in part because each of us can claim some level of "expertise." The debate has intensified as discoveries about our development-in the womb and in the first months and years-have reached the popular media. How can we use our burgeoning knowledge to assure the well-being of all young children, for their own sake as well as for the sake of our nation? Drawing from new findings, this book presents important conclusions about nature-versus-nurture, the impact of being born into a working family, the effect of politics on programs for children, the costs and benefits of intervention, and other issues. The committee issues a series of challenges to decision makers regarding the quality of child care, issues of racial and ethnic diversity, the integration of children's cognitive and emotional development, and more. Authoritative yet accessible, From Neurons to Neighborhoods presents the evidence about "brain wiring" and how kids learn to speak, think, and regulate their behavior. It examines the effect of the climate-family, child care, community-within which the child grows.