The Role Of Viable But Non Infectious Developmental Forms In Chlamydial Biology
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The Role Of Viable But Non Infectious Developmental Forms In Chlamydial Biology
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Author : Robert V Schoborg
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers E-books
Release Date : 2014-11-04
The Role Of Viable But Non Infectious Developmental Forms In Chlamydial Biology written by Robert V Schoborg and has been published by Frontiers E-books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-11-04 with Infectious and parasitic diseases categories.
The chlamydiae are Gram-negative, obligate intracellular bacteria with a complex developmental cycle comprising a metabolically less-active, infectious stage, the elementary body (EB), and a metabolically more active stage, the reticulate body (RB). They are responsible for many acute and chronic diseases in humans and animals. In order to play a causative role in chronic diseases, chlamydiae would need to persist and to re-activate within infected cells/tissues for extended periods of time. Persistence in vitro is defined as viable but non-cultivable chlamydiae involving morphologically enlarged, aberrant, and nondividing RBs, termed aberrant bodies (AB). In vitro, alterations of the normal developmental cycle of chlamydiae can be induced by the addition of Interferon-? (IFN-?), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and penicillin G exposure as well as amino acid or iron deprivation, monocyte infection and co-infection with viruses. In vivo, key questions include whether or not ABs occur in infected patients and animals and whether such ABs can contribute to prolonged, chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and scarring through continuing stimulation of the host immune system known from diseases such as trachoma, pelvic inflammatory disease, reactive arthritis and atherosclerosis. To date, the direct causal role in the pathogenesis of chlamydial infection and persistence in vivo has been questioned since there was no tractable animal model of chlamydial persistence so far. A very recent study was able to establish an experimental animal model of in vivo persistence, when C. muridarum vaginally-infected mice were gavaged with amoxicillin. Amoxicillin treatment induced C. muridarum to enter the persistent state in vivo. Recent in vivo data from patients indicate that viable but non-infectious developmental stages are present in the genital tract of chronically-infected women and that the gastrointestinal tract might be a reservoir for persistent chlamydial infections at other sites.
Chlamydial Infection A Clinical And Public Health Perspective
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Author : C.M. Black
language : en
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
Release Date : 2013-06-19
Chlamydial Infection A Clinical And Public Health Perspective written by C.M. Black and has been published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-19 with Medical categories.
Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacteria that cause one of the most common sexually transmitted infectious diseases in the world. The infection disproportionately impacts women and the highest prevalence of infection is found in adolescents. Most chlamydial infections are asymptomatic. Untreated infections are sources of further spread of infection and can lead to serious consequences including pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility and chronic pelvic pain. Chlamydial infections also increase a person’s susceptibility to HIV and other STDs.Featuring contributions by internationally recognized experts in epidemiology, infectious disease research and chlamydial biology, this book provides up-to-date reviews from a clinical and public health perspective on chlamydia epidemiology and control programs, genomics and pathogenicity, diagnosis, treatment, host immune responses, and the latest on the search for an effective vaccine. Also included are chapters on the impact of chlamydial infection on specific populations such as the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community, and an update on the outbreak in Europe of the invasive chlamydial infection, lymphogranuloma venereum or LGV. This comprehensive publication is intended for clinicians, public health workers and scientists with interest in sexually transmitted diseases, medical microbiology, infectious diseases and clinical research.
Biology Of Chlamydia
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Author : Georg Häcker
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-06-25
Biology Of Chlamydia written by Georg Häcker and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-06-25 with Medical categories.
The genus Chlamydia encompasses a number of species of obligate intracellular bacteria, including important human pathogens like the most common bacterial agent of sexually transmitted disease. This volume reviews current knowledge of chlamydial biology, covering the unusual structure of the bacteria – which alternate between metabolically almost inactive and fast-dividing forms. It also discusses the ways in which Chlamydia manipulates the host cytoskeleton and subverts the host cell’s defence, and illustrates how genomics have begun to uncover the diversity and complexity of chlamydial strains that look very similar but may cause distinct forms of disease. Further, it describes how techniques are now finally being established that can genetically modify Chlamydia, and discusses why such modification is still very difficult and what progress we can expect. Lastly, it presents our current understanding of chlamydial disease: what do we know about chronic infections, what are the mechanisms of inflammatory damage, and what are the prospects of a vaccine? Written be specialists in these various areas, the book is a valuable work of reference for students and scientists with an interest in the molecular, cellular and immunobiology of these fascinating bacteria.
Management Of Legionella In Water Systems
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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2020-02-20
Management Of Legionella In Water Systems written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-02-20 with Medical categories.
Legionnaires' disease, a pneumonia caused by the Legionella bacterium, is the leading cause of reported waterborne disease outbreaks in the United States. Legionella occur naturally in water from many different environmental sources, but grow rapidly in the warm, stagnant conditions that can be found in engineered water systems such as cooling towers, building plumbing, and hot tubs. Humans are primarily exposed to Legionella through inhalation of contaminated aerosols into the respiratory system. Legionnaires' disease can be fatal, with between 3 and 33 percent of Legionella infections leading to death, and studies show the incidence of Legionnaires' disease in the United States increased five-fold from 2000 to 2017. Management of Legionella in Water Systems reviews the state of science on Legionella contamination of water systems, specifically the ecology and diagnosis. This report explores the process of transmission via water systems, quantification, prevention and control, and policy and training issues that affect the incidence of Legionnaires' disease. It also analyzes existing knowledge gaps and recommends research priorities moving forward.
Vaccines For Biodefense And Emerging And Neglected Diseases
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Author : Alan D.T. Barrett
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2009-03-05
Vaccines For Biodefense And Emerging And Neglected Diseases written by Alan D.T. Barrett and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-03-05 with Science categories.
The last 20 years has seen a rapid increase in infectious diseases, particularly those that are termed "emerging diseases" such as SARS, "neglected diseases" such as malaria and those that are deemed biothreats such as anthrax. It is well-recognized that the most effective modality for preventing infectious diseases is vaccination. This book provides researchers with a better understanding of what is currently known about these diseases, including whether there is a vaccine available or under development. It also informs readers of the key issues in development of a vaccine for each disease. * Provides a comprehensive treatise of the agents that are responsible for emerging and neglected diseases and those that can be used as biothreats * Includes the processes such as the vaccine development pathway, vaccine manufacturing and regulatory issues that are critical to the generation of these vaccines to the marketplace * Each chapter will include a map of the world showing where that particular disease is naturally found
Microbiology Of Chlamydia
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Author : Almen L. Barron
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2019-06-04
Microbiology Of Chlamydia written by Almen L. Barron and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-06-04 with Science categories.
First Published in 1988, this book offers a full, comprehensive guide into microbiology of Chlamydia and its relationship with our bodies. Carefully compiled and filled with a vast repertoire of notes, pictures, and references this book serves as a useful reference for Students of Medicine, and other practitioners in their respective fields.
Genital Infections And Infertility
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Author : Atef Darwish
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2016-06-29
Genital Infections And Infertility written by Atef Darwish and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-29 with Medical categories.
This book highlights the impact of genital tract infections on female infertility, male infertility, and even veterinary infertility. A comprehensive source on genital infections essential for all infertility specialists is now at your hands.
Human Chlamydial Infections
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Author : Julius Schachter
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1978
Human Chlamydial Infections written by Julius Schachter and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with Medical categories.
Hunter S Tropical Medicine And Emerging Infectious Diseases E Book
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Author : Edward T Ryan
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
Release Date : 2019-03-25
Hunter S Tropical Medicine And Emerging Infectious Diseases E Book written by Edward T Ryan and has been published by Elsevier Health Sciences this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-25 with Medical categories.
New emerging diseases, new diagnostic modalities for resource-poor settings, new vaccine schedules ... all significant, recent developments in the fast-changing field of tropical medicine. Hunter’s Tropical Medicine and Emerging Infectious Diseases, 10th Edition, keeps you up to date with everything from infectious diseases and environmental issues through poisoning and toxicology, animal injuries, and nutritional and micronutrient deficiencies that result from traveling to tropical or subtropical regions. This comprehensive resource provides authoritative clinical guidance, useful statistics, and chapters covering organs, skills, and services, as well as traditional pathogen-based content. You’ll get a full understanding of how to recognize and treat these unique health issues, no matter how widespread or difficult to control. Includes important updates on malaria, leishmaniasis, tuberculosis and HIV, as well as coverage of Ebola, Zika virus, Chikungunya, and other emerging pathogens. Provides new vaccine schedules and information on implementation. Features five all-new chapters: Neglected Tropical Diseases: Public Health Control Programs and Mass Drug Administration; Health System and Health Care Delivery; Zika; Medical Entomology; and Vector Control – as well as 250 new images throughout. Presents the common characteristics and methods of transmission for each tropical disease, as well as the applicable diagnosis, treatment, control, and disease prevention techniques. Contains skills-based chapters such as dentistry, neonatal pediatrics and ICMI, and surgery in the tropics, and service-based chapters such as transfusion in resource-poor settings, microbiology, and imaging. Discusses maladies such as delusional parasitosis that are often seen in returning travelers, including those making international adoptions, transplant patients, medical tourists, and more.
Pet Bird Diseases And Care
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Author : Indranil Samanta
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-02-24
Pet Bird Diseases And Care written by Indranil Samanta and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-02-24 with Science categories.
This book provides fundamental information on pet birds, menaces, and advances made in the diagnosis and treatment of menaces. It is the only book covering all species of pet birds, menaces and their individual management. The handful of related books available worldwide are largely outdated and focus on a single species or breed of pet bird. The book encompasses the history of bird keeping, common breeds of birds, their nutritional requirements, list of zoonotic diseases transmitted by birds and guideline for their prevention. It covers infectious, non-infectious clinical and metabolic diseases, and toxicity in detail with a special focus on the history of diseases, etiology, affected hosts, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment. Separate chapters detail relevant diagnostic techniques, management and care practices, including updated information. The book offers an invaluable guide for students and teachers in the field of (avian) veterinary medicine, scientists/research scholars working in related fields, and avian medicine practitioners, as well as all those progressive bird owners who want to know the basics of their care and management.