The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem

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The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem

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Author : P.N. Hobson
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem written by P.N. Hobson and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.

The Preface to the first edition of this book explained the reasons for the publication of a comprehensive text on the rumen and rumen microbes in 1988. The microbes of the ruminant's forestomach and those in related organs in other animals and birds provide the means by which herbivorous animals can digest and obtain nutriment from vegetation. In turn, humans have relied, and still do rely, on herbivores for much of their food, clothing and motive power. Herbivores also form the food of carnivorous animals and birds in the wild. The importance of the rumen microorganisms is thus apparent. But, while a knowledge of rumen organisms is not strictly neces sary for the normal, practical feeding of farm animals, in recent years there has been much more emphasis on increasing the productivity of domesti cated animals and in rearing farm animals on unusual feedstuffs. Here, a knowledge of the reactions of the rumen flora, and the limits to these reactions, can be invaluable. In addition, anaerobic rumen-type microor ganisms are found in the intestines of omnivores, including humans, and can be implicated in diseases of humans and animals. They are also found in soils and natural waters, where they playa part in causing pollution and also in reducing it, while the same organisms confined in artificial systems are essential for the purification of sewage and other polluting and toxic wastes.

Rumen Microbiology From Evolution To Revolution

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Author : Anil Kumar Puniya
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-07-11

Rumen Microbiology From Evolution To Revolution written by Anil Kumar Puniya and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-07-11 with Science categories.

This book offers an in-depth description of different groups of microbes (i.e. bacteria, protozoa, fungi and viruses) that exist in the rumen microbial community, and offers an overview of rumen microbiology, the rumen microbial ecosystem of domesticated ruminants, and rumen microbial diversity. It provides the latest concepts on rumen microbiology for scholars, researchers and teachers of animal and veterinary sciences. With this goal in mind, throughout the text we focus on specific areas related to the biology and complex interactions of the microbes in rumen, integrating significant key issues in each respective area. We also discuss rumen manipulation with plant secondary metabolites, microbial feed additives, utilization of organic acids, selective inhibition of harmful rumen microbes, and ‘omics’ approaches to manipulating rumen microbial functions. A section on the exploration and exploitation of rumen microbes addresses topics including the current state of knowledge on rumen metagenomics, rumen: an underutilized niche for industrially important enzymes and ruminal fermentations to produce fuels. We next turn our attention to commercial applications of rumen microbial enzymes and to the molecular characterization of euryarcheal communities within an anaerobic digester. A section on intestinal disorders and rumen microbes covers acidosis in cattle, urea/ ammonia metabolism in the rumen and nitrate/ nitrite toxicity in ruminant diets. Last, the future prospects of rumen microbiology are examined, based on the latest developments in this area. In summary, the book offers a highly systematic collection of essential content on rumen microbiology.

Rumen Microbial Ecosystem

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Author : P.N. Hobson
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 1988-12-31

Rumen Microbial Ecosystem written by P.N. Hobson and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988-12-31 with Science categories.

The ruminant and the rumen; the rumen bacteria; the rumen protozoa; the rumen anaerobic fungi; development of, and natural fluctuations in, rumen, microbial populations; energy yielding and consuming reactions; metabolism of nitrogen- containing compounds; polysaccharide degradation by rumen microorganisms;lipid metabolism of rumen, the genetics of rumen bacteria; microbe-microbe intercations; compartmentation in the rumen; manipulation of rumen fermentation; digestive disorders and nutritional toxicity;

The Rumen Protozoa

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Author : Alan G. Williams
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

The Rumen Protozoa written by Alan G. Williams and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.

All ruminants are dependent on the microorganisms that live in their forestomach - the rumen - to break down ingested feed constituents into a form that the host animal can utilize. Protozoa are part of this complex ruminal population and are essential for the nutritional well-being and productivity of the host ruminant. Over 30 different genera (nearly 300 species) of protozoa from the rumen ecosystem have been described since their initial discovery nearly 150 years ago. This book brings together, for the first time, the available information on these protozoa. It comprehensively describes the characteristic anatomical features of value for their identification and includes detailed sections on techniques and methodologies for the isolation and cultivation of these fastidious, oxygen-sensitive microorganisms. Their occurrence, biochemistry, physiology, and role in the ruminal ecosystem are fully reviewed. Particular emphasis is given to potential improvement of the nutrition and productivity of the host ruminant through manipulation of the protozoal population and its activities.

Microbial Ecology Of Growing Animals

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Author : Wilhelm Holzapfel
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
Release Date : 2005-04-19

Microbial Ecology Of Growing Animals written by Wilhelm Holzapfel and has been published by Elsevier Health Sciences this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-04-19 with Medical categories.

The complexity of the microbial population of the animal gastro-intestinal trac has been recognised long ago. However, thus far, investigations have been limited to a few major groups, considered to be dominating, and pathogens that are detrimental and may case diseases and concomitant financial losses in the production animal. Thanks to the latest developments, including improved micriological detection and sampling techniques, and the application of molecular tools to monitor the presence of specific strains in the intestine, our knowlede has increased rapidly in recent years. In addition, new approaches towards improving and/or stabilising animal health, are addressed, with special emphasis on probiotics, and also with regard to the use selected bacterial strains as vehicles for delivery of pharmaceutically active compounds to the muscosa. The book is unique in several respects, not only by its coverage of an extremely wide area in animal gut microbiology, but also by the fact that production animals such as fish and reindeer are included. Scope and treatment of the subject matter and the kind of information that can be found in the volume: Colonisation and development (succession), and mucosal surface composition of the normal microbial population flora in the healthy animal are addressed, whilst estensive information is given on diverse and dominating bacterial populations of different animal types. Reference is also made to those microbial groups considered to be of special benefit to the health and immune protection of the (young) animal bacteria. The development and application of models of the Gastro-Intestinal tract provides a solid basis for studying gut microbial interactions, whilst molecular approaches and the us of molecular tools to monitor the presence of specific strains in the intestine is treated in a comprehensive manner. Wide coverage of different animal types and their gut microbial ecology Extensive and partly new information on the major microbial groups associated with the animal gastro-intestinal tract The book is unique and partly new information and up-to-date information proved in the chapters as a whole

Digestive Physiology And Metabolism In Ruminants

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Author : Y. Ruckebusch
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Digestive Physiology And Metabolism In Ruminants written by Y. Ruckebusch and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.

Two questions could not be avoided in the avant-propos of this book; (i) what is the importance to man of ruminant livestock, and (ii) what results of practical relevance in the growing mountain of scientific verbiage could be found in the Proceedings of this Symposium. Herbivores are an integral and critical part of the natural ecosystem which must be preserved because of their impact on human welfare. Wh at makes ruminants especially important to man is that they can thrive on fibrous forage and are thus the only viable enterprise over much of the earth's surface where crop growing is impracti cable. They contribute a wide array of products in addition to 50000 000 tonnes ofmeat (1977) and represent a 'capital reserve' that can be drawn upon in times of emergency: milk for example (450000000 tonnes) can make the difference between subsistence and starvation. About 60% of the world's meat and 80 % of the milk are produced by one third of the world ruminant population in the developed regions and as much as 99 % of the power for agriculture is provided by the ruminant population in developing countries. For the next two decades, a probable increase by 30 % for . cattle and buffalo and more than 40 % for sheep and goats is expected by improving health, fertility, nutrition and genetic potential rather than feed resources.

Methods In Gut Microbial Ecology For Ruminants

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Author : Harinder P.S. Makkar
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006-02-23

Methods In Gut Microbial Ecology For Ruminants written by Harinder P.S. Makkar and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-02-23 with Science categories.

Asaresultofvarioushumanactivities,suchasincreaseinhumanpopulation,decrease in arable land due to soil degradation, urbanization, industrialization and associated increase in the demand for livestock products, dramatic changes are occurring in the global ruminant livestock sector. These changes includeshift inthesize of regional livestock populations and in the types of management and feeding systems under which ruminant livestock are held, and increased demand of a wider range of quality attributes from animal agriculture, not just of the products themselves but also of the methods used in their production. The livestock sector will need to respond to newchallengesofincreasinglivestockproductivitywhileprotectingenvironmentand human health and conservingbiodiversity and natural resources. The micro-organisms in the digestive tracts of ruminant livestock have a profound in?uence on the conversion offeedinto end products, which can impact on the- imal and theenvironment. As the livestock sector grows particularly in developing countries, there will be an increasing need to understand these processes for b- ter management and use ofbothfeed and other natural resources that underpinthe development of sustainable feeding systems.

Rumen Microbial Metabolism And Ruminant Digestion

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Author : J. P. Jouany
language : en
Publisher: Editions Quae
Release Date : 1991

Rumen Microbial Metabolism And Ruminant Digestion written by J. P. Jouany and has been published by Editions Quae this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Science categories.

This book brings together the data of lastest international research and was conceived as the result of a summer school held at the INRA Centre of Clermont-Ferrand/Theix from 24 September to 4 Octobre 1990. The subject is the rumen as a fermentor and the means by which rumen functioning can be optimized for the maximum benefit ot the ruminant.

Isolation Characterization And Functional Significance Of Bacteriophages In The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem

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Author : Theodros Tadese
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993

Isolation Characterization And Functional Significance Of Bacteriophages In The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem written by Theodros Tadese and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Bacteriophages categories.

Using Genomics Metagenomics And Other Omics To Assess Valuable Microbial Ecosystem Services And Novel Biotechnological Applications

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Author : Diana Elizabeth Marco
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2019-05-15

Using Genomics Metagenomics And Other Omics To Assess Valuable Microbial Ecosystem Services And Novel Biotechnological Applications written by Diana Elizabeth Marco and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-15 with categories.

Most ecosystem services and goods human populations use and consume are provided by microbial populations and communities. Indeed, numerous provisioning services (e.g. food and enzymes for industrial processes), regulating services (e.g. water quality, contamination alleviation and biological processes such as plant-microbial symbioses), and supporting services (e.g. nutrient cycling, agricultural production and biodiversity) are mediated by microbes. The fast development of metagenomics and other meta-omics technologies is expanding our understanding of microbial diversity, ecology, evolution and functioning. This enhanced knowledge directly translates into the emergence of new applications in an unlimited variety of areas across all microbial ecosystem services and goods. The varied topics addressed in this Research Topic include the development of innovative industrial processes, the discovery of novel natural products, the advancement of new agricultural methods, the amelioration of negative effects of productive or natural microbiological processes, as well as food security and human health, and archeological conservation. The articles compiled provide an updated, high-quality overview of current work in the field. This body of research makes a valuable contribution to the understanding of microbial ecosystem services, and expands the horizon for finding and developing new and more efficient biotechnological applications.