The State Of Patenting At Research Institutions In Developing Countries Policy Approaches And Practices
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The State Of Patenting At Research Institutions In Developing Countries Policy Approaches And Practices
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Author : Pluvia Zuniga
language : en
Publisher: WIPO
Release Date : 2011
The State Of Patenting At Research Institutions In Developing Countries Policy Approaches And Practices written by Pluvia Zuniga and has been published by WIPO this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Law categories.
This study discusses the opportunities and challenges offered by patents to foster technology transfer from government funded research institutions in developing countries. It presents a review of policy frameworks and recent policy changes aimed to foster academic patenting and technology transfer in low- and middle-income countries. It then analyzes patenting activities by universities and public research organizations and compares these trends with respect to high-income countries. This analysis is complemented with an assessment of the current state of patenting and technology commercialization practices in a selected group of technology transfer offices.
Getting Patents And Economic Data To Speak To Each Other An Algorithmic Links With Probabilities Approach For Joint Analyses Of Patenting And Economic Activity
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Author : Travis J. Lybbert
language : en
Publisher: WIPO
Release Date : 2012
Getting Patents And Economic Data To Speak To Each Other An Algorithmic Links With Probabilities Approach For Joint Analyses Of Patenting And Economic Activity written by Travis J. Lybbert and has been published by WIPO this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Law categories.
In this paper, the authors describe and explore a new algorithmic approach to constructing concordances between the International Patent Classification (IPC) system and industry classification systems that organize economic data. This ‘Algorithmic Links with Probabilities’ (ALP) approach incorporates text analysis software and keyword extraction programs and applies them to a comprehensive patent dataset. The authors conclude with a discussion on some of the possible applications of the concordance and provide a sample analysis that uses their preferred ALP concordance to analyze international patent flows based on trade patterns.
Turning Science Into Business Patenting And Licensing At Public Research Organisations
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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2003-05-14
Turning Science Into Business Patenting And Licensing At Public Research Organisations written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-05-14 with categories.
This report presents the results of the first international survey on the patenting and licensing activities of public research organisations in OECD countries.
Measuring The Income To Intangibles In Goods Production A Global Value Chain Approach
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Author : World Intellectual Property Organization
language : en
Publisher: WIPO
Release Date : 2017
Measuring The Income To Intangibles In Goods Production A Global Value Chain Approach written by World Intellectual Property Organization and has been published by WIPO this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Law categories.
Today’s production processes are fragmented across countries and industries. Intangibles play an important role, but their measurement is elusive. This paper proposes a new empirical framework to measure factor incomes in production that spans industries and countries.
The Patent Competition Interface In Developing Countries
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Author : Thomas K. Cheng
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2021-12-16
The Patent Competition Interface In Developing Countries written by Thomas K. Cheng and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-16 with Law categories.
This book proposes an approach to the patent-competition interface for developing countries. It puts forward a theoretical framework after canvassing relevant policy considerations and examines the many reasons why patent protection is not essential for generating innovation incentives in developing countries. These include the tendency of the patent system to overcompensate innovators, the availability of other appropriation mechanisms for innovators to monetize their innovations, and the lack of appropriate technological capacity in many developing countries to take advantage of the incentives generated by the patent system. It also argues that developing countries with a small population need not pay heed to the impact of their patent system on the incentives of foreign innovators. It then proposes a classification of developing countries into production countries, technology adaptation countries, and proto-innovation countries and argues that dynamic efficiency considerations take on different meanings for developing countries depending on their technological capacities. For the vast majority of developing countries bereft of meaningful innovation capacity, foreign technology transfer is the main vehicle for technological progress. The chief dynamic policy consideration for these countries is hence incentives for technology transfer instead of innovation incentives. There are three main means of voluntary technology transfer: importation of technological goods, foreign direct investment, and technology licensing. Competition law regulation of patent exploitation practices interacts with these three means of technology transfer in different ways and an appropriate approach to the patent-competition interface for these countries needs to take these into account. Distilling all these considerations, the book proposes a development stage-specific approach to the patent-competition interface for developing countries. The approach is then applied to a number of patent exploitation practices, including unilateral refusal to deal, patent tying, excessive pricing for pharmaceuticals, reverse payment settlements, and restrictive licensing practices.
Harnessing Public Research For Innovation In The 21st Century
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Author : Anthony Arundel
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2021-03-04
Harnessing Public Research For Innovation In The 21st Century written by Anthony Arundel and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-04 with Business & Economics categories.
A guide to maximizing the impact of work done at public research institutions and universities to boost innovation and growth.
World Intellectual Property Report 2011 The Changing Face Of Innovation
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Author : World Intellectual Property Organization
language : en
Publisher: WIPO
Release Date : 2011
World Intellectual Property Report 2011 The Changing Face Of Innovation written by World Intellectual Property Organization and has been published by WIPO this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Law categories.
WIPO's World Intellectual Property Report 2011 focuses on the Changing Face of Innovation. It describes key trends in the innovation landscape - including the increasingly open, international and collaborative character of the innovation process; the causes of the increased demand for IP rights; and the rising importance of technology markets.
Boosting Malaysia S National Intellectual Property System For Innovation
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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2015-09-28
Boosting Malaysia S National Intellectual Property System For Innovation written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-09-28 with categories.
In order to attain its objective of becoming a high-income economy by 2020, Malaysia is engaged in efforts to enhance the performance of its innovation system. A range of challenges need to be addressed and different policy tools can help in this respect. For this purpose the national ...
Direction Of Innovation In Developing Countries And Its Driving Forces
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Author : World Intellectual Property Organization
language : en
Publisher: WIPO
Release Date : 2022-04-05
Direction Of Innovation In Developing Countries And Its Driving Forces written by World Intellectual Property Organization and has been published by WIPO this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-04-05 with Law categories.
Innovation is a major driving force of long-term economic growth and sustainable development. Direction of innovation matters because technical change is not neutral and hence bears significant social, economic and environmental development implications. This paper contributes to the literature through a systematic examination of the direction of innovation in developing and emerging economies and its driving forces. It shows that innovation in the global South exhibits a vibrant and diverse landscape when we do not confine ourselves with traditional research and innovation indicators. While emerging economies are accelerating their pace in inventive activities in fields such as ICTs, biotech and engineering, low-income countries (LICs) are also found to be active in learning-based, incremental “under-the-radar innovations” (URIs). These URIs that are introduced through international technology transfer and indigenous innovative efforts. Indigenous sources of URIs play a primary role in LICs, contributed by localised learning-by-doing, close interaction with customers and embeddedness in regional production networks and clusters. However, insufficient role of the state, a low science and technology intensity and a lack of university-industry linkage limit the potential of URIs. International technology transfer is another important driver of technical change in developing countries. However, its strengthen varies across countries due to differences in host country policy, absorptive capacity, and the type of foreign economic engagement that they have as well as the inappropriateness of transferred foreign technologies mostly from Global North. Given the status of direction of innovation and its driving forces in developing countries, this report argues that the unfolding 4th industrial revolution poses both challenges and opportunities to LICs. Policy implications are discussed.
Dulling The Cutting Edge How Patent Related Policies And Practices Hamper Innovation In China
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Author : Dan Prud‘homme
language : en
Publisher: European Chamber
Release Date : 2012-08-22
Dulling The Cutting Edge How Patent Related Policies And Practices Hamper Innovation In China written by Dan Prud‘homme and has been published by European Chamber this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-08-22 with categories.
This study’s statistical analysis shows that patent quality and innovation in China deserve improvement, and an in-depth legal, management science, and economic analysis in the study shows that various patent-related policies and practices actually hamper patent quality and innovation in China. Over 50 recommendations for reform are provided. The study is divided into four chapters, summaries of which are as follows: Although China became the world leader in quantity of domestically filed patent applications in 2011, the quality of these patents needs improvement. Also, while certain innovation in China is rising, the country’s actual innovation appears over-hyped by some sources. There appears to be an overly heavy focus on government-set quantitative patent targets in China, which can hamper patent quality and innovation. This overemphasis involves over 10 national-level and over 150 municipal/provincial quantitative patent targets, mostly to be met by 2015, which are also linked to performance evaluations for SoEs, Party officials and government ministries, universities and research institutes, and other entities. China has a wide-range of other policies, many of which are at least partially meant to encourage patents, that can actually discourage quality patents, and highest-quality patents in particular, and innovation. Examples of these policies include a variety of measures with requirements for “indigenous intellectual property rights” that are linked to financial incentives (many of which are unrelated to government procurement); a range of other government-provided financial incentives for patent development (e.g. certain patent filing subsidies); inappropriate inventor remuneration rules; discriminatory standardization approaches; and a wide range of others. There are a host of concerns surrounding rules and procedures for patent application review and those for enforcement of patent disputes that can hamper building of quality patents and innovation in China. These include concerns about abuse of patent rights, difficulties invalidating utility models, and a wide range of other issues.