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Theory And Measurement Of Psychological Probability


Theory And Measurement Of Psychological Probability
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Theory And Measurement Of Psychological Probability


Theory And Measurement Of Psychological Probability
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Author : STEWARD EDWARD FLIEGE
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1956

Theory And Measurement Of Psychological Probability written by STEWARD EDWARD FLIEGE and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1956 with categories.




Measurement And Probability


Measurement And Probability
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Author : Giovanni Battista Rossi
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-05-19

Measurement And Probability written by Giovanni Battista Rossi and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-19 with Science categories.


Measurement plays a fundamental role both in physical and behavioral sciences, as well as in engineering and technology: it is the link between abstract models and empirical reality and is a privileged method of gathering information from the real world. Is it possible to develop a single theory of measurement for the various domains of science and technology in which measurement is involved? This book takes the challenge by addressing the following main issues: What is the meaning of measurement? How do we measure? What can be measured? A theoretical framework that could truly be shared by scientists in different fields, ranging from physics and engineering to psychology is developed. The future in fact will require greater collaboration between science and technology and between different sciences. Measurement, which played a key role in the birth of modern science, can act as an essential interdisciplinary tool and language for this new scenario. A sound theoretical basis for addressing key problems in measurement is provided. These include perceptual measurement, the evaluation of uncertainty, the evaluation of inter-comparisons, the analysis of risks in decision-making and the characterization of dynamical measurement. Currently, increasing attention is paid to these issues due to their scientific, technical, economic and social impact. The book proposes a unified probabilistic approach to them which may allow more rational and effective solutions to be reached. Great care was taken to make the text as accessible as possible in several ways. Firstly, by giving preference to as interdisciplinary a terminology as possible; secondly, by carefully defining and discussing all key terms. This ensures that a wide readership, including people from different mathematical backgrounds and different understandings of measurement can all benefit from this work. Concerning mathematics, all the main results are preceded by intuitive discussions and illustrated by simple examples. Moreover, precise proofs are always included in order to enable the more demanding readers to make conscious and creative use of these ideas, and also to develop new ones. The book demonstrates that measurement, which is commonly understood to be a merely experimental matter, poses theoretical questions which are no less challenging than those arising in other, apparently more theoretical, disciplines.



The Concept Of Probability In Psychological Experiments


The Concept Of Probability In Psychological Experiments
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Author : C.-A. Staël von Holstein
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

The Concept Of Probability In Psychological Experiments written by C.-A. Staël von Holstein and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Social Science categories.


1. BACKGROUND The last twenty-five years have seen a large amount of psychological research in the area of behavioral decision theory. It followed the major breakthrough of decision theory that came with von Neumann and Morgenstern's Theory of Games and Economic Behavior in 1944. The key concepts are probability as a measure of uncertainty and utility as a measure of value and risk. The theory prescribes, given some behavioral axioms, that alternatives should be ranked in accordance with their expected utilities. Psychologists became interested in studying how people's decision behavior agreed with what was prescribed by the theory. Three broad areas for research developed, i. e. , research relating to each of the two concepts of probability and utility, and research relating to the interaction of the two in decision stituations. The papers in this book have been selected to illustrate various aspects of how the concept of probability has been used in psychological ex perimentation. The early experiments were generated, as mentioned above, by an interest among psychologists to see how people evaluate uncertainty and quantify it in probabilistic terms. Many of these experiments set out to evaluate subjects' estimates of relative frequencies; these were situations where one had access to 'objective' answers. In the 1960's psychologists changed the focus of their studies to how people revise probabilistic judgments when they receive new information. In recent years there has been a growing interest in the cognitive processes by which people express their judgment in probabilistic terms.



An Introduction To The Logic Of Psychological Measurement


An Introduction To The Logic Of Psychological Measurement
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Author : Joel Michell
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2014-02-04

An Introduction To The Logic Of Psychological Measurement written by Joel Michell and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-02-04 with Psychology categories.


This book declines to take for granted the widespread assumption that existing psychometric procedures provide scientific measurement. The currently fashionable concepts of measurement within psychology -- operationalism and representationalism -- are critically examined, and the classical view, that measurement is the assessment of quantity, is defended. Within this framework, it is shown how conjoint measurement can be used to test the hypothesis that variables are quantitative. This theme is developed in detail using familiar psychological examples, such as Thurstone's law of comparative judgment, multidimensional scaling, and Coombs' theory of unfolding.



The Measurement Of Subjective Probability


The Measurement Of Subjective Probability
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Author : Edward J. R. Elliott
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2024-05-02

The Measurement Of Subjective Probability written by Edward J. R. Elliott and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-05-02 with Philosophy categories.


Beliefs come in degrees, and we often represent those degrees with numbers. We might say, for example, that we are 90% confident in the truth of some scientific hypothesis, or only 30% confident in the success of some risky endeavour. But what do these numbers mean? What, in other words, is the underlying psychological reality to which the numbers correspond? And what constitutes a meaningful difference between numerically distinct representations of belief? In this Element, we discuss the main approaches to the measurement of belief. These fall into two broad categories-epistemic and decision-theoretic-with divergent foundations in the theory of measurement. Epistemic approaches explain the measurement of belief by appeal to relations between belief states themselves, whereas decision-theoretic approaches appeal to relations between beliefs and desires in the production of choice and preferences.



The Concept Of Probability In Psychological Experiments


The Concept Of Probability In Psychological Experiments
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Author : C -A Stael Von Holstein
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1974-12-31

The Concept Of Probability In Psychological Experiments written by C -A Stael Von Holstein and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1974-12-31 with categories.




Introduction To Measurement Theory


Introduction To Measurement Theory
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Author : Mary J. Allen
language : en
Publisher: Waveland Press
Release Date : 2001-12-14

Introduction To Measurement Theory written by Mary J. Allen and has been published by Waveland Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-12-14 with Psychology categories.


Introduction to Measurement Theory bridges the gap between texts that offer a mathematically rigorous treatment of the statistical properties of measurement and ones that discuss the topic in a basic, cookbook fashion. Without overwhelming novices or boring the more mathematically sophisticated, the authors effectively cover the construction of psychological tests and the interpretation of test scores and scales; critically examine classical true-score theory; and explain theoretical assumptions and modern measurement models, controversies, and developments. Practical applications, examples, and study questions facilitate a better understanding of the uses and limitations of common measures of test reliability and validity and how to perform the basic item analysis necessary for test construction.



Probability And Statistics In Psychological Research And Theory


Probability And Statistics In Psychological Research And Theory
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Author : Donald Wyman Stilson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1966

Probability And Statistics In Psychological Research And Theory written by Donald Wyman Stilson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1966 with Psychology categories.




Theory Of Measurement


Theory Of Measurement
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Author : J. Pfanzagl
language : en
Publisher: Physica
Release Date : 2013-12-19

Theory Of Measurement written by J. Pfanzagl and has been published by Physica this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-19 with Business & Economics categories.




Theories Of Probability An Examination Of Logical And Qualitative Foundations


Theories Of Probability An Examination Of Logical And Qualitative Foundations
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Author : Louis E Narens
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2007-08-13

Theories Of Probability An Examination Of Logical And Qualitative Foundations written by Louis E Narens and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-08-13 with Mathematics categories.


Standard probability theory has been an enormously successful contribution to modern science. However, from many perspectives it is too narrow as a general theory of uncertainty, particularly for issues involving subjective uncertainty. This first-of-its-kind book is primarily based on qualitative approaches to probabilistic-like uncertainty, and includes qualitative theories for the standard theory as well as several of its generalizations.One of these generalizations produces a belief function composed of two functions: a probability function that measures the probabilistic strength of an uncertain event, and another function that measures the amount of ambiguity or vagueness of the event. Another unique approach of the book is to change the event space from a boolean algebra, which is closely linked to classical propositional logic, to a different event algebra that is closely linked to a well-studied generalization of classical propositional logic known as intuitionistic logic. Together, these new qualitative theories succeed where the standard probability theory fails by accounting for a number of puzzling empirical findings in the psychology of human probability judgments and decision making.