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Thermodynamics Of Pharmaceutical Systems


Thermodynamics Of Pharmaceutical Systems
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Thermodynamics Of Pharmaceutical Systems


Thermodynamics Of Pharmaceutical Systems
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Author : Kenneth A. Connors
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2010-01-22

Thermodynamics Of Pharmaceutical Systems written by Kenneth A. Connors and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-01-22 with Medical categories.


Designed for pharmacy students Now updated for its Second Edition, Thermodynamics of Pharmaceutical Systems provides pharmacy students with a much-needed introduction to the mathematical intricacies of thermodynamics in relation to practical laboratory applications. Designed to meet the needs of the contemporary curriculum in pharmacy schools, the text makes these connections clear, emphasizing specific applications to pharmaceutical systems including dosage forms and newer drug delivery systems. Students and practitioners involved in drug discovery, drug delivery, and drug action will benefit from Connors' and Mecozzi's authoritative treatment of the fundamentals of thermodynamics as well as their attention to drug molecules and experimental considerations. They will appreciate, as well, the significant revisions to the Second Edition. Expanding the book's scope and usefulness, the new edition: Explores in greater depth topics most relevant to the pharmacist such as drug discovery and drug delivery, supramolecular chemistry, molecular recognition, and nanotechnologies Moves the popular review of mathematics, formerly an appendix, to the front of the book Adds new textual material and figures in several places, most notably in the chapter treating noncovalent chemical interactions Two new appendices provide ancillary material that expands on certain matters bordering the subject of classical thermodynamics Thermodynamics need not be a mystery nor confined to the realm of mathematical theory. Thermodynamics of Pharmaceutical Systems, Second Edition demystifies for students the profound thermodynamic applications in the laboratory while also serving as a handy resource for practicing researchers.



Thermodynamics Of Pharmaceutical Systems


Thermodynamics Of Pharmaceutical Systems
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Author : Kenneth A. Connors
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2003-04-02

Thermodynamics Of Pharmaceutical Systems written by Kenneth A. Connors and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-04-02 with Medical categories.


Studies of thermodynamics often fail to demonstrate how the mathematical intricacies of the subject relate to practical laboratory applications. Thermodynamics of Pharmaceutical Systems makes these connections clear, emphasizing specific applications to pharmaceutical systems in a study created specifically for contemporary curriculums at colleges of pharmacy. Students investigating drug discovery, drug delivery, and drug action will benefit from Kenneth Connors's authoritative treatment of the fundamentals of thermodynamics as well as his attention to drug molecules and experimental considerations. An extensive appendix that reviews the mathematics needed to master the pharmacy curriculum proves an invaluable reference. Connors divides his one-of-a-kind text into three sections: Basic Thermodynamics, Thermodynamics of Physical Processes, and Thermodynamics of Chemical Processes; chapters include: * Energy and the First Law of Thermodynamics * The Entropy Concept * Phase Transformations * Solubility * Acid-Base Equilibria * Noncovalent Binding Equilibria Thermodynamics need not be a mystery nor be confined to the realm of mathematical theory. Thermodynamics of Pharmaceutical Systems introduces students of pharmacy to the profound thermodynamic applications in the laboratory while also serving as a handy resource for practicing researchers.



Thermodynamics Of Solutions


Thermodynamics Of Solutions
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Author : Eli Ruckenstein
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-06-17

Thermodynamics Of Solutions written by Eli Ruckenstein and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-06-17 with Science categories.


This book consists of a number of papers regarding the thermodynamics and structure of multicomponent systems that we have published during the last decade. Even though they involve different topics and different systems, they have something in common which can be considered as the “signature” of the present book. First, these papers are concerned with “difficult” or very nonideal systems, i. e. systems with very strong interactions (e. g. , hyd- gen bonding) between components or systems with large differences in the partial molar v- umes of the components (e. g. , the aqueous solutions of proteins), or systems that are far from “normal” conditions (e. g. , critical or near-critical mixtures). Second, the conventional th- modynamic methods are not sufficient for the accurate treatment of these mixtures. Last but not least, these systems are of interest for the pharmaceutical, biomedical, and related ind- tries. In order to meet the thermodynamic challenges involved in these complex mixtures, we employed a variety of traditional methods but also new methods, such as the fluctuation t- ory of Kirkwood and Buff and ab initio quantum mechanical techniques. The Kirkwood-Buff (KB) theory is a rigorous formalism which is free of any of the - proximations usually used in the thermodynamic treatment of multicomponent systems. This theory appears to be very fruitful when applied to the above mentioned “difficult” systems.



Transport Processes In Pharmaceutical Systems


Transport Processes In Pharmaceutical Systems
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Author : Gordon L. Amidon
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1999-11-24

Transport Processes In Pharmaceutical Systems written by Gordon L. Amidon and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-11-24 with Science categories.


This cutting-edge reference clearly explains pharmaceutical transport phenomena, demonstrating applications ranging from drug or nutrient uptake into vesicle or cell suspensions, drug dissolution and absorption across biological membranes, whole body kinetics, and drug release from polymer reservoirs and matrices to heat and mass transport in freeze-drying and hygroscopicity. Focuses on practical applications of drug delivery from a physical and mechanistic perspective, highlighting biological systems. Written by more than 30 international authorities in the field, Transport Processes in Pharmaceutical Systems discusses the crucial relationship between the transport process and thermodynamic factors analyzes the dynamics of diffusion at liquid-liquid, liquid-solid, and liquid-cultured cell interfaces covers prodrug design for improving membrane transport addresses the effects of external stimuli in altering some natural and synthetic polymer matrices examines properties of hydrogels, including synthesis, swelling degree, swelling kinetics, permeability, biocompatibility, and biodegradability presents mass transfer of drugs and pharmacokinetics based on mass balance descriptions and more! Containing over 1000 references and more than 1100 equations, drawings, photographs, micrographs, and tables, Transport Processes in Pharmaceutical Systems is a must-read resource for research pharmacists, pharmaceutical scientists and chemists, chemical engineers, physical chemists, and upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in these disciplines.



Physicochemical Approaches To The Characterization Of Pharmaceutical Systems


Physicochemical Approaches To The Characterization Of Pharmaceutical Systems
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Author : Ireneo Kikic
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2018-05-01

Physicochemical Approaches To The Characterization Of Pharmaceutical Systems written by Ireneo Kikic and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-05-01 with Medical categories.


Chemical physics and thermodynamics cover a role of the outermost importance in the study of many pharmaceutical-based disciplines, especially whenever a thorough understanding of the involved chemical reactions or materials processing becomes highly desirable. In this line, the present book aims at providing any reader or worker in these fields with a consistent experimental data analysis, carried out exhaustively by a number of theoretical models and discussed in any necessary detail. In comparison with the existing texts, ours will include more practical aspects, with examples of calculus taken from or inspired to the modern literature. It will also tackle the most advanced chemical estimation methods employed in pharmaceutical sciences, taking care of communicating as best as possible a modern way of looking at the arguments involved. In this respect, observe that the ongoing bibliography on open questions which were formerly neglected is now continuously growing. The chapters developing the mathematical modeling will be organized so as to explain and quantify the physical and chemical frames of the complex systems met by pure and applied researchers in their daily activity. The theoretical sections, in particular, will take care of any method assuring an efficient coding for the employed procedures (as those relying on macroscopic or statistical thermodynamics) and of describing the experimental tests for the scrutinized molecular systems. As an example, any equation of state must be able to provide, in addition with density, enthalpy, fugacity coefficients and phase equilibrium conditions, with every (partial) thermodynamic derivative with respect to temperature, pressure and any quantity assigning the mixture composition. We will also emphasize the physical chemistry characterization of the active compounds, and concentrate on their crystal, amorphous and polymorphic forms, as well as on the roles played by their states of matter. An appropriate monographic section will thus be devoted to the application of X-ray diffraction to non-structural issues, like atomic and molecular vibrations, order-disorder transitions, theories of the defect solid state, crystal imperfections, and to structural problems such as the so-called "crystallite size" approaches (see, for instance, Scherrer’s and Warren-Averbach’s, sometimes hardly applicable with the necessary accuracy). At that point, we will try to argue whether the current thermal experiments, normally employed to check the assumptions coming from solid state physics and thermochemistry, may (or may not) introduce some novelty or original prospect within the modern arena of pharmaceutical sciences. A chapter on solubility and precipitation kinetics, particularly on how to exploit and modify their variables in a number of relevant cases, will then be presented. In another one, we will approach the most advanced methods which can estimate (the macroscopic) chemical features from theoretical and numerical tools, avoiding in this way the expenses connected with usual laboratory routes. The plenty of techniques illustrated in the literature, unfortunately, are often unable to return satisfactory estimations of properties associated with complex molecular geometries. Our intention in this respect will be supplying several guidelines bringing to better evaluations of some, at least, among the most important drug, polymer and biopolymer characteristics. A final step, now more related to molecular topology, chemical graph theories and several issues of "group contributions" in physical chemistry, will be inquiring on the relationship between the (atomic/molecular) shape of organic compounds and their larger-scale (thermodynamic) features. This is a long-standing problem of physics and chemistry that, on considering the number of open questions in this matter, could find here the room for new insights, statements and formal approaches.



Bioenergetics And Thermodynamics Model Systems


Bioenergetics And Thermodynamics Model Systems
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Author : A. Braibanti
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Bioenergetics And Thermodynamics Model Systems written by A. Braibanti and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.


Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, Tabiano, Parma, Italy, May 21-June 1, 1979



Chemical Engineering In The Pharmaceutical Industry


Chemical Engineering In The Pharmaceutical Industry
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Author : Mary T. am Ende
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2019-04-08

Chemical Engineering In The Pharmaceutical Industry written by Mary T. am Ende and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-04-08 with Technology & Engineering categories.


A guide to the important chemical engineering concepts for the development of new drugs, revised second edition The revised and updated second edition of Chemical Engineering in the Pharmaceutical Industry offers a guide to the experimental and computational methods related to drug product design and development. The second edition has been greatly expanded and covers a range of topics related to formulation design and process development of drug products. The authors review basic analytics for quantitation of drug product quality attributes, such as potency, purity, content uniformity, and dissolution, that are addressed with consideration of the applied statistics, process analytical technology, and process control. The 2nd Edition is divided into two separate books: 1) Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API’s) and 2) Drug Product Design, Development and Modeling. The contributors explore technology transfer and scale-up of batch processes that are exemplified experimentally and computationally. Written for engineers working in the field, the book examines in-silico process modeling tools that streamline experimental screening approaches. In addition, the authors discuss the emerging field of continuous drug product manufacturing. This revised second edition: Contains 21 new or revised chapters, including chapters on quality by design, computational approaches for drug product modeling, process design with PAT and process control, engineering challenges and solutions Covers chemistry and engineering activities related to dosage form design, and process development, and scale-up Offers analytical methods and applied statistics that highlight drug product quality attributes as design features Presents updated and new example calculations and associated solutions Includes contributions from leading experts in the field Written for pharmaceutical engineers, chemical engineers, undergraduate and graduation students, and professionals in the field of pharmaceutical sciences and manufacturing, Chemical Engineering in the Pharmaceutical Industry, Second Edition contains information designed to be of use from the engineer's perspective and spans information from solid to semi-solid to lyophilized drug products.



Chemical Engineering In The Pharmaceutical Industry


Chemical Engineering In The Pharmaceutical Industry
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Author : David J. am Ende
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2011-03-10

Chemical Engineering In The Pharmaceutical Industry written by David J. am Ende and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-03-10 with Technology & Engineering categories.


This book deals with various unique elements in the drug development process within chemical engineering science and pharmaceutical R&D. The book is intended to be used as a professional reference and potentially as a text book reference in pharmaceutical engineering and pharmaceutical sciences. Many of the experimental methods related to pharmaceutical process development are learned on the job. This book is intended to provide many of those important concepts that R&D Engineers and manufacturing Engineers should know and be familiar if they are going to be successful in the Pharmaceutical Industry. These include basic analytics for quantitation of reaction components– often skipped in ChE Reaction Engineering and kinetics books. In addition Chemical Engineering in the Pharmaceutical Industry introduces contemporary methods of data analysis for kinetic modeling and extends these concepts into Quality by Design strategies for regulatory filings. For the current professionals, in-silico process modeling tools that streamline experimental screening approaches is also new and presented here. Continuous flow processing, although mainstream for ChE, is unique in this context given the range of scales and the complex economics associated with transforming existing batch-plant capacity. The book will be split into four distinct yet related parts. These parts will address the fundamentals of analytical techniques for engineers, thermodynamic modeling, and finally provides an appendix with common engineering tools and examples of their applications.



Polymorphism In The Pharmaceutical Industry


Polymorphism In The Pharmaceutical Industry
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Author : Rolf Hilfiker
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2019-01-04

Polymorphism In The Pharmaceutical Industry written by Rolf Hilfiker and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-01-04 with Science categories.


"Polymorphism in the Pharmaceutical Industry - Solid Form and Drug Development" highlights the relevance of polymorphism in modern pharmaceutical chemistry, with a focus on quality by design (QbD) concepts. It covers all important issues by way of case studies, ranging from properties and crystallization, via thermodynamics, analytics and theoretical modelling right up to patent issues. As such, the book underscores the importance of solid-state chemistry within chemical and pharmaceutical development. It emphasizes why solid-state issues are important, the approaches needed to avoid problems and the opportunities offered by solid-state properties. The authors include true polymorphs as well as solvates and hydrates, while providing information on physicochemical properties, crystallization thermodynamics, quantum-mechanical modelling, and up-scaling. Important analytical tools to characterize solid-state forms and to quantify mixtures are summarized, and case studies on solid-state development processes in industry are also provided. Written by acknowledged experts in the field, this is a high-quality reference for researchers, project managers and quality assurance managers in pharmaceutical, agrochemical and fine chemical companies as well as for academics and newcomers to organic solid-state chemistry.



Thermodynamics And Biophysics Of Biomedical Nanosystems


Thermodynamics And Biophysics Of Biomedical Nanosystems
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Author : Costas Demetzos
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-03-04

Thermodynamics And Biophysics Of Biomedical Nanosystems written by Costas Demetzos and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-04 with Technology & Engineering categories.


This book highlights the recent advances of thermodynamics and biophysics in drug delivery nanosystems and in biomedical nanodevices. The up-to-date book provides an in-depth knowledge of bio-inspired nanotechnological systems for pharmaceutical applications. Biophysics and thermodynamics, supported by mathematics, are the locomotive by which the drug transportation and the targeting processes will be achieved under the light of the modern pharmacotherapy. They are considered as scientific tools that promote the understanding of physicochemical and thermotropic functionality and behavior of artificial cell membranes and structures like nanoparticulate systems. Therefore, this book focusses on new aspects of biophysics and thermodynamics as important elements for evaluating biomedical nanosystems, and it correlates their physicochemical, biophysical and thermodynamical behaviour with those of a living organism. In 2018, Prof. Demetzos was honored with an award by the Order of Sciences of the Academy of Athens for his scientific contribution in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology.