Three Essays In Health And Labor Economics
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Three Essays In Health And Labor Economics
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Author : Ferit Ucar
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Three Essays In Health And Labor Economics written by Ferit Ucar and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
The second chapter is the first attempt to study the long-term effects of Medicaid on children's health outcomes by looking at the effects of the same Medicaid expansions that took place in the later 1980s and early 1990s. These expansions significantly increased the percentage of pregnant women and children eligible for Medicaid but did so at very differential rates across the states. The substantial variation in Medicaid eligibility thresholds by state, and year, and the age of the child provide the identifying variation for the analysis. By using restricted access data, containing state of birth and state of residence of children, I match children to the Medicaid eligibility rules in their year of birth and currently. The results suggest that the expansions were effective in improving the health of children from low-income families in the long run. Increased Medicaid eligibility at birth is associated with better health outcomes in the future. But interestingly eligibility at older ages (conditional on eligibility at birth) is not.
Three Essays On Health And Labor Economics
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Author : Hussain Zakir
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Three Essays On Health And Labor Economics written by Hussain Zakir and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Economics categories.
Three Essays In Health And Labor Economics
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Author : Michael DiNardi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Three Essays In Health And Labor Economics written by Michael DiNardi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Electronic dissertations categories.
This dissertation research contributes to the areas of health and labor economics. In the first essay, Melanie Guldi (University of Central Florida), David Simon (University of Connecticut), and I attempt to explain and understand the growth in obesity in the United States using the expansion of broadband Internet providers in the U.S in the early 2000s. Our results suggest 1.2 million white women became overweight due to the expansion in broadband Internet access. Possible mechanisms include increased sedentary time and binge drinking. The second and third essays focus on effects of public health insurance programs. In the second essay, I examine effects of public health insurance programs for low-income childless adults, a group with a high rate of uninsurance. Using the expansion of public health insurance coverage to low-income childless adults across states in the early 2000s, I estimate effects on public and private health insurance coverage and, because individuals may decrease their labor supply to qualify for coverage. My estimates suggest these programs increased low-educated childless women's public health insurance coverage by 1.5 to 1.7 percentage points. Effects on labor supply are small, positive, and not statistically significant, suggesting little change in labor supply to qualify for insurance coverage. The third essay examines the effect of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansions on the labor market for nurses. Using the Medicaid expansions as a plausibly exogenous increase in the demand for nurses, I find a 1.5 percent increase in hours worked per week (30 minutes). The increase in hours is larger in rural areas, consistent with a larger increase in insurance coverage in these areas. For licensed practical nurses, employment increased by 11 percent and hours worked per week increased by 2.4 percent (nearly 1 hour). Registered nurses' hours increased by 1.2 percent (nearly 30 minutes). I do not find any consistent negative effects on patient ratings of nursing care and hospital-acquired infection rates. The increase in hours is driven by a shift from part-time to full-time work, likely ruling out fatigue as a mechanism for changes in quality.
Three Essays In Health Economics And Labor Economics
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Author : Lei Li
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Three Essays In Health Economics And Labor Economics written by Lei Li and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Children of working mothers categories.
Three Essays In Health And Labour Economics
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Author : Yuliya Kazakova
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Three Essays In Health And Labour Economics written by Yuliya Kazakova and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
Three Essays On Health And Labour Economics
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Author : Mina Alizadehsadrdaneshpour
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Three Essays On Health And Labour Economics written by Mina Alizadehsadrdaneshpour and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
The dissertation consists of three essays. The first essay examines a dynamic effect of diabetes on employment. The second essay uses a broader measure of health and investigates its interaction with employment. The third essay explores a dynamic effect of education on hourly wage. The first essay investigates the diabetes effect on employment in Canada. The data is taken from the National Population Health Survey and men and women between age 25 and 64 are analysed separately. In contrast to the previous static studies on the effect of diabetes on labour market outcomes, this essay uses a dynamic model to identify the impacts of diabetes on employment in Canada. Results show that diabetes has a positive but insignificant effect on employment for men. The effect of diabetes on employment for women is negative and significant. The results confirm the signs and significance of diabetes coefficients estimated by static studies; however, the numbers are much smaller. Particularly, precise estimates of diabetes effect on employment would be helpful for policy makers to know the economic burden and design the appropriate policies. The second essay uses a broader measure of health to explore the relationship with employment. In contrast to previous static Canadian studies on the impact of health on labour market outcomes, this essay estimates a dynamic model using simultaneous equations to obtain more precise model specification for the interaction of health and labour market outcome. Results show that there is a high state dependency in employment and health for both men and women. Moreover, there is a highly significant and positive effect of health on employment for both men and women. As a result, health policies that have positive and direct effects on health can have positive and indirect effects on employment. The third essay investigates the return to education using a dynamic approach in Canada. This essay uses the longitudinal Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics and estimates the dynamic model for men and women between the age of 25 and 64 separately. In contrast to the previous static Canadian studies on the return to education, this essay estimates a dynamic Mincer model through a system GMM method to obtain more precise model specification for the return to education. Results demonstrate that the hourly wage is highly persistent for both men and women between age 25 and 64. The results also show that the return to schooling is increasing at the beginning of the working life for both men and women compared to a constant return to schooling by static Mincer function. Identifying the return to education can be useful for policy makers to decide on education expenditures and finance schooling programs.
Three Essays In Health And Labor Economics
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Three Essays In Health And Labor Economics written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
The dissertation examines empirical issues related to health and labor economics. It has long been debated whether breastfeeding leads to a higher intelligence quotient (IQ) and greater scholastic achievement. The first study empirically examines the issue. Many past studies fail to take into account the possible endogeneity of the breastfeeding decision and thus falsely identify the correlation between breastfeeding and IQ as a causal relationship. We attempt to distinguish the causation and correlation between the two variables. Our results show that, after controlling for possible endogeneity, breastfeeding has no significant impact on IQ or scholastic achievement. The second essay examines the link between breastfeeding and childhood obesity. Heath economics researchers view breastfeeding as a determining factor as to whether a child becomes obese. There are many theories, involving both biological and psychological factors, as to why breastfeeding is negatively linked to childhood obesity. This essay argues that the breastfeeding decision is not an exogenous one, so estimation technique such as ordinary least squares is not the correct way to estimate the relationship between breastfeeding and childhood obesity. Instruments are used to generate exogenous variations in the breastfeeding variable. After correcting for any estimation bias due to the breastfeeding variable being endogenous, this study documents the benefits of breastfeeding. The third essay analyzes 19 semesters of student evaluations at Kansas State University. Faculty fixed effects are sizable and indicate that, as assessed by students, the best principles teachers also tend to be the best non-principles teachers. OLS estimates are biased because principles teachers are drawn from the top of the distribution and because unmeasured faculty characteristics are correlated with such variables as the response rate and student effort. Student ratings are lowest for new faculty but stabilize quickly. Expected GPA of the class is not an important determinant of student ratings, but equitable grading is; and the rewards for equitable grading appear larger for principles classes. The lower ratings in principles classes are fully accounted for by greater class size.
Three Essays In Labor And Health Economics
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Author : Christopher K. Coombs
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
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Three Essays On Labor Economics And Health Of Older Americans
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Author : Jennifer Ghandhi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Three Essays On Labor Economics And Health Of Older Americans written by Jennifer Ghandhi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
The importance of determining the capacity of the health care labor force to meet the needs of older Americans continues to increase in the face of a rapidly aging population. This dissertation consists of three essays that examine two important public policy issues related to the population health of older Americans: rural-urban differences in health care provider supply and the relationship between labor market conditions and health outcomes.
Three Essays On Health And Labor Outcomes
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Author : Ian Michael Breunig
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Three Essays On Health And Labor Outcomes written by Ian Michael Breunig and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
This dissertation is composed of three essays which examine the effects of health on labor market outcomes. Chapter 1 reviews the literature on health and the labor market. It also emphasizes the inherent endogeneity of health when included in models for labor market outcomes. It goes on to highlight the empirical methods most often used to accommodate that endogeneity. In chapter 2, I use 2000 to 2007 data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) to examine the role of health status in decisions to transition to self-employment. Much of the past literature has incorporated health status in models for self-employment in a perfunctory fashion. I account for unobserved heterogeneity and endogenous initial conditions using a discrete factor random effects model. Three hypotheses for the direct effect of health on the self-employment decision are put forth. The indirect effect that health may have in determining one's valuation of health insurance coverage is controlled for in the model. Regression results indicate that individuals who experience any sort of functioning limitation, or who report relatively poorer health, are more likely to transition to self-employment over wage-employment, holding all else constant. Although the magnitude of the impact of health status varies between two sub-groups of the population studied. Chapter 3 examines the extent to which a spouse's ill-health influences the labor supply decisions of the older men and women. Spouses' ill-health is likely to affect their partner's labor supply decision in off-setting ways. I control for the income effect due to the increase in the probability of an ill spouse to leave the labor force. Therefore, my estimates reflect the direct impact of a spouse's ill-health on the partner's labor supply decision through its effect on the partner's reservation wage. However, it is likely that spouses' earnings are endogenous in these models due to unobserved characteristics common to husbands and wives. I find that the estimated effect of a wife's ill health on their partner's labor supply decision is dependent on whether I instrument the spouse's earnings. I also find that the estimated effect of husbands' and wives' ill health on their partners'labor supply decision is dependent on the health measure used in the models.