Three Essays On The Influence Of Formal Institutions On Entrepreneurship
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Three Essays On The Influence Of Formal Institutions On Entrepreneurship
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Author : Michael David Crum
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Three Essays On The Influence Of Formal Institutions On Entrepreneurship written by Michael David Crum and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Corporate culture categories.
This dissertation is composed of three essays in which I examine the influence of formal institutions on entrepreneurs and new firms. In the first essay, "The Influence of Institutions on the Likelihood of Self-Employment: A Multilevel Analysis" I examine how institutions at the country-level are related to the likelihood that individuals in those country are self-employed. Country-level measures of formal institutions are paired with individual-level data on self-employment from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (Reynolds et al., 2005). Using the Fraser Institute's Economic Freedom of the World index and the Heritage Foundation's Index of Economic Freedom separately as measures of institutions, I find that sound money in a country is positively associated with individual self-employment with both indices. Property rights and trade freedom are positively related to self-employed using the Economic Freedom of the World index. In the second essay, "Labor Market Institutions and New Firm Employment Growth,'" I examine how state-level labor market characteristics such as minimum wages, union densities, and unemployment insurance premiums influence employment growth in new firms. I use firm-level data from the Kauffman Firm Survey (DesRoches, Robb, & Mulcahy, 2009), which contains data from several thousand new firms for years 2004-2008. Minimum wages, union densities, and unemployment insurance structure do not predict the level of employment in new firms in the manner hypothesized. In the third essay, "The Impact of Taxes and Regulations on New Firm Births and Deaths in State Border Counties" I examine how state-level measures of government size, taxation burdens, unionization levels, and minimum wages influence the birth and death rates of firms in counties located on state borders. Tabulations containing data on establishment births and deaths by U.S. County (Plummer & Headd, 2008) were merged with measures of government size, taxation burdens, union densities, and minimum wages. I find a negative relationship between the overall tax burden and the birth rate of new firms. However, unionization, minimum wages and government size are not related to the birth and death rates of firms in the manner hypothesized.
Help Seeking And Entrepreneurial Processes
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Author : Erika Nadine Williams
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Help Seeking And Entrepreneurial Processes written by Erika Nadine Williams and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Entrepreneurship categories.
Entrepreneurship researchers are consistently interested in identifying the mechanisms involved in the success and growth of new ventures. In this dissertation, I examine the antecedents and consequences of help-seeking behaviors by entrepreneurs. Specifically, I examine antecedents to entrepreneurial help-seeking that influence their choices, and then how help-seeking behaviors impact entrepreneurs and their ventures. In Essay 1, I develop the foundation for why help-seeking is an important process to study in entrepreneurship, discuss how entrepreneurship differs from the traditional organizational context, and then extrapolate how entrepreneurship provides a unique lens through which to examine this behavior. In Essay 2, I draw on human capital theory to explore how the prior industry experience of entrepreneurs affects their help-seeking behaviors. Using a sample of U.S. entrepreneurs, I investigate how the difficulty and frequency of problems, as well as industry differences, have an effect on how and when the entrepreneur seeks help. In Essay 3, I unpack how help-seeking behavior may modify the overall outcomes of the venture by specifically looking at how social and economic exchanges increase entrepreneurial work tension and affect firm performance leading to closure intentions. I empirically test how these two types of exchanges create different expectations that induce tension and have different consequences in terms of firm performance and the longevity of the venture. Together these three essays examine the process of help-seeking in entrepreneurship. In combination, this dissertation integrates and tests theory regarding the antecedents and consequences of entrepreneurial help-seeking, shedding new light into this important process.
The Institutional Context And Entrepreneurial Intentions
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Author : Amir Hossein Maleki
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
The Institutional Context And Entrepreneurial Intentions written by Amir Hossein Maleki and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Entrepreneurship categories.
This dissertation investigates how formal and informal institutional context influence entrepreneurial intentions through three essays. The first essay examines the effects of social trust and trust in governments on an individual's entrepreneurial intention, and the moderating effect of the relationship between an individuals' fear of failure to start a business and their willingness to start a business. Building on theories of planned behavior, institutional, and social systems, this multilevel, cross-national research shows that in countries with higher levels of social trust, individuals are less likely to have entrepreneurial intention. Also, the results show that in such countries, the impact of fear of failure is lower on intention to start a business. Finally, I find that trust in governments can strengthen the negative impact of fear of failure on entrepreneurial intentions. The second essay investigates the impact of perceived family support on the perceived desirability and feasibility of youth entrepreneurship. Building on the theory of entrepreneurial event model, this cross-level study shows the influence of family support, on youth entrepreneurial intentions. I also find that the impact of perceived family support on perceived feasibility and desirability of young individuals is contingent on the national cultural dimensions. The results show that in countries showing power distance or uncertainty avoidance as the dominant culture, the impact of family support on the perceived feasibility of starting a new business is weaker than in low power distance cultures or cultures that are more tolerant toward ambiguity. Also, the impact of perceived family support on perceived feasibility is stronger in individualistic or short-term oriented countries compared to collectivist or long-term oriented ones. The third essay examines the direct and indirect effects of national social security systems on entrepreneurial intentions. The results show that individuals in countries with higher levels of public social expenditure are less likely to expose entrepreneurial intentions. The results on cross-level moderating effects also clarify the interacting effect of private social expenditure and fear of failure on entrepreneurial intentions. I suggest that higher levels of private social spending weaken the negative impact of fear of failure on intentions to start a business.
Essays In International Entrepreneurship
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Author : Michael Louis Troilo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Essays In International Entrepreneurship written by Michael Louis Troilo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with categories.
Essays In Entrepreneurship
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Author : Sarada
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Essays In Entrepreneurship written by Sarada and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Businesspeople categories.
This dissertation contains three essays in entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship is a key generator of economic growth. Entrepreneurial firms innovate, both on the product and process margins, creating new technologies and organizational novelties, bringing about positive spillovers to the economy as a whole. As such, understanding the factors underlying such activity is vital. This dissertation is concerned with who becomes an entrepreneur and why he or she does so, what factors influence the success of an entrepreneurial venture, and what types of institutions best facilitate entrepreneurial activity. The first chapter resolves a longstanding empirical puzzle; that most entrepreneurs enter and persist in self-employment, despite lower initial earnings and earnings growth (Hamilton, 2000). I hypothesize that reported income is not a good measure for the returns to self-employment. The self-employed have the ability to underreport earnings (estimated to be between 18 and 57 percent (Slemrod, 2007)), and can compensate themselves in various ways that do not manifest as reported labor income. The estimation strategy employed to test this hypothesis relies on the presumption that reported consumption by the self-employed will not be systematically misreported, even though income can easily be. Using longitudinal data from the PSID, I find that while individuals report earning 27 percent less in self-employment they in fact consume 5 percent more. This implies a 32 percent differential between reported wage and consumption for the self-employed. Furthermore, this increased consumption does not seem to be offset by lower savings or higher uncertainty. Other results include that the self-employed work longer hours and that lifetime consumption is no lower for those who leave self-employment. The second chapter links the network structure amongst initial employees to the performance of a newly founded firm. We use a large employee-employer linked panel data set from Brazil that allows us to track workers across jobs and establish whether new firm employees have prior joint work experience. We use this information to construct a quantifier for network concentration using the Herfindahl Hirschman Index (HHI), and test the impact of network concentration on new firm performance as measured by survival, employment, and wages. We find that new firms with higher network concentrations, i.e. wherein initial employees have worked together previously, are on average larger, have higher wages and survive longer when controlling for industry fixed effects and employees' human capital, demographic characteristics, formal sector experience, and size of parent firms. This association increases with the initial size of the newly founded firm. However, we find a negative relationship between network concentration and initial firm growth. Finally, we look at how the size of an individual's parent firm affects the success of her new entrepreneurial venture and find that small firm experience correlates with better survival rates, but lower employment and average wages at the new firm. The third chapter examines the conditions under which an informal network may decide to formalize into an entrepreneurial organization. Such organizations are formal, not-for-profit entities whose main objective is to facilitate networking so as to generate partnerships leading to entrepreneurial ventures. In order to create fruitful business partnerships, both the informal network and the formal organizations seek to grow. The growth process in the informal network occurs via bilateral sponsorship which rigorously screens entrants and is therefore slow, while that for a formal organization is much faster but less certain to only admit high types. We formally model these two entities and set the stage for an analysis of the tradeoffs between them.
Three Essays On Entrepreneurial Decision Making And Financial Resource Acquisition
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Author : Emily M. Neubert
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Three Essays On Entrepreneurial Decision Making And Financial Resource Acquisition written by Emily M. Neubert and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with Businesspeople categories.
One of the first challenges entrepreneurs encounter when starting a venture is obtaining initial resources. Many entrepreneurs do not have access to professional investors and, as a result, must turn to their own social networks to secure early-stage financing to advance their ventures. To date, most of the decision-making research on financial resource acquisition has focused on investors' decision making by examining biases and factors that impact who they invest in, but this dissertation investigates the other side of the investor-entrepreneur exchange relationship to understand how entrepreneurs' decisions are impacted by the characteristics of potential and current investors. In the first essay, I present a conceptual model theorizing how relational ties to investors as well as the perceived financial resilience and perceived expertise of investors influence entrepreneurs' decisions to seek resources from individuals and later, influence how entrepreneurs use those funds to further their ventures. In the second and third essays, I empirically test portions of the conceptual model by analyzing entrepreneurs' decisions as they evaluate potential investors and make resource allocation decisions. Collectively, the three essays in my dissertation aim to enhance the field's understanding of entrepreneurial decision making during resource mobilization and deployment. Through this dissertation, I introduce and investigate the notion of "funding source bias", which sheds light on how investor characteristics influence and potentially bias entrepreneurial decision making.
Context Matters
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Author : Peter J. Boettke
language : en
Publisher: Now Publishers Inc
Release Date : 2009
Context Matters written by Peter J. Boettke and has been published by Now Publishers Inc this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Entrepreneurship categories.
Context Matters: Institutions and Entrepreneurship analyzes the connection between entrepreneurship and institutions. The goal is to provide a discussion of the literature on institutions in economics, develop the argument on the relationship between institutions and entrepreneurship and apply this logic to a variety of entrepreneurial settings - private for-profit, private non-profit and political. In addition to exploring entrepreneurship within several institutional settings, the authors also consider entrepreneurship on institutional arrangements. Context Matters: Institutions and Entrepreneurship develops the notion of institutions and provide insight into what this concept entails. The authors show how institutions matter for entrepreneurship and economic development. This if followed by a consideration of 'social entrepreneurship', 'political entrepreneurship', and the role of 'institutional entrepreneurs' and their impact on the formation and evolution of institutions. The authors end with a discussion of the implications for future research.
Entrepreneurship And Institutions
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Author : Nick Williams
language : en
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Release Date : 2017-07-13
Entrepreneurship And Institutions written by Nick Williams and has been published by Rowman & Littlefield this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-07-13 with Business & Economics categories.
Drawing on 12 case studies across three global regions, this book examines how formal and informal institutions shape entrepreneurial activity.
Three Essays Exploring Motivational Influences In Entrepreneurship
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Author : Dana Kanze
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Three Essays Exploring Motivational Influences In Entrepreneurship written by Dana Kanze and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
Drawing upon the regulatory theories of focus, mode, and fit, the three chapters of this dissertation demonstrate that subtle distinctions in framing and word choice can have profound impact for entrepreneurs and their startups. In Chapter 1, a field study and experiment on regulatory focus reveal that investors pose promotion-focused questions in the domain of gains to male entrepreneurs and prevention-focused questions in the domain of losses to female entrepreneurs, helping to explain the sizable gap in their respective funding outcomes. Chapter 2’s archival and experimental studies pertaining to regulatory mode indicate that organizations with mission statements high in locomotion (the mode of urgent action) and low in assessment (the mode of thoughtful consideration) have a greater likelihood and frequency of involvement in Equal Employment Opportunity Commission cases of discrimination. Across an observational and experimental study, Chapter 3 shows entrepreneurs seek regulatory fit in the form of social identity alignment that helps to explain variations in talent selection and retention, with those manifesting the identity of a “builder” (motivated to incrementally improve over time) exhibiting higher tenure rates than those manifesting the identity of a “disrupter” (motivated to break with the status quo). Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Three Essays On Entrepreneurship Reassessing Puzzles And Assumptions
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Author : Frederick Nickolay Alexander Lehmann
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Three Essays On Entrepreneurship Reassessing Puzzles And Assumptions written by Frederick Nickolay Alexander Lehmann and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with categories.