Tom The Atom Book 18
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Tom The Atom Book 18
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Author : Dr Mum
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020-12-28
Tom The Atom Book 18 written by Dr Mum and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-28 with categories.
Tom-the-Atom calls for one of his sisters: Nitrogen. She is in the Periodic Table in Column 15 or Group 5A. Accordingly, she has five valence electrons in his outermost shell/subshell. She is the 2nd Row (or Period), to the right of Tom-the-Atom and the left of Oxygen. The second Row means that Nitrogen has two shells. Nitrogen occupies the same column that Phosphorus, just one Row above. Nitrogen belongs to the essential family of the Non-Metal-a small family with only seven siblings. However, five out of those seven siblings are among the most important actors responsible for life (Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorous CHONP)! We often refer to the air we breathe as "Oxygen," the most common molecules in our air is Nitrogen. Earth's atmosphere is 78% Nitrogen gas or N2. Even though there is so much Nitrogen in the air, there is very little in the Earth's crust. Nitrogen can also be found in all living organisms on Earth, including people, plants, and animals. Nitrogen plays an essential role in proteins and nucleic acids. You will learn that even we need Nitrogen, we cannot breathe it from the air. We will take it by eating our vegetables. In Book 18, you will learn about the Nitrogen Cycle.
Tom The Atom
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Author : Mirna Urquidi-Macdonald
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018-01-30
Tom The Atom written by Mirna Urquidi-Macdonald and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-30 with Science categories.
Goal: On Wednesday after school, Tom the Atom introduces to Mary and Henry all naturally existing atoms (a total of 92) and the ten families formed (families are classified "by similarities".) All atoms are organized in a general Table (called the "Chemical Periodic Table") that has 18 columns. Tom the Atom explains to Henry and Mary how all atom's body is similar but different. They are similar because the masses of all atoms have neutrons and protons in their nucleus (or center part) and electrons rotating around their nucleus (in belts or shells) -just as the planets circle the sun!. The shells or belts that contain the electrons and are the orbits around the nucleus have a maximum number of electrons. The outer shell's electrons are called "valence electrons;" but Tom the Atoms call them "hands." He explains that atoms like to have their outer shell filled with the maximum number of electrons they can accommodate. Accordingly, if the outer shell is not full, it will have valence electrons and empty spaces waiting for trapping more electrons. Those empty spaces, Tom the Atom calls them "empty sleeves," for now.
Tom The Atom Book 21
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Author : MUM
language : en
Publisher: Independently Published
Release Date : 2021-02-28
Tom The Atom Book 21 written by MUM and has been published by Independently Published this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-28 with categories.
Noble Gas atoms do not interact with other atoms, because their valence shell (or subshells) is FULL. Members of the Noble Gases family have all their shells, including their outermost valence shell full of electrons to their rim. They do not need to "handshake" with any other atom to borrow or give away electrons; that is why they are not reactive and do not need to shake hands! They do not form chemical bonds with anyone. They are a family of 6 existing siblings. In the family of Noble Gases, the atom's outer shell has no "empty sleeve." The concept of inert gas is explained. The idea of shell and sub-shells and how the sub-shells are arranged, when atoms have more than 3 shells, is revealed.
Tom The Atom Book 7
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Author : Dr Mum
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019-12-17
Tom The Atom Book 7 written by Dr Mum and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-12-17 with categories.
Tom-the-Atom introduces Mary and Henry to a way of guessing an atom's character. An atom's role is based not from the family to which she/he belongs, but from their Group in the Periodic Table. The Group allows you to guess the number of valence electrons in the outermost shell. Tom-the-Atom divides the Periodic Table into 18 Columns and 8 Groups. Tom-the-Atom calls the third member in Column 1 (Group 1A): Sodium (after Hydrogen and Lithium), a member of the Alkali Metal Family. Lithium and Sodium are from Group 1A; they have only one valence electron in their outermost shell. In Group 1A, the Alkali Metal family, the atoms readily give their valence electron away and become "positives ions," or more accurately, Cations. The only shell that may not be full to its rim is the outermost shell. If an atom has few electrons (less than four) in his exterior shell, the Atom will prefer to give those electrons away. That way, the Atom will keep only his full inner shells, which are complete. Once the atoms lose one electron (or more), the atoms become positively-charged (minus a negative charge). They will form strong ionic bonds with negative ions [or Anions (those that have captured electrons)] to build molecules and compounds; if they are close by. Tom-the-Atom also explains how Sodium forms common Salt. When Chlorine (Group 7A = seven outermost electrons) grabs an electron from Sodium, it becomes negatively charged (becomes a Chloride anion). Chloride anion attracts the Sodium positive ion! Sodium a positive ion (an atom that loses electrons) and Chloride (a negative ion that grabbed electrons) are attracted to each other-- by being joined together by an Ionic Bond. If they are close, they attract each other to form a molecule of common Salt (Sodium--(NaCl)--Chloride). Natural Salt (NaCl) separates back into ions (Sodium ions and Chloride ions) when dissolved in water, and we say that Salt is soluble in water!
Tom The Atom Book 20
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Author : Dr Mum
language : en
Publisher: Independently Published
Release Date : 2021-02-28
Tom The Atom Book 20 written by Dr Mum and has been published by Independently Published this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-28 with categories.
Chlorine is an atom from the family of Halogens. She is well placed to introduce the concept of the Electronegativity, Reduction, and Oxidation processes. She is in Column 17 (or Group 7A) of the Periodic Table. She has 7 "hands" or valence electrons and only one "empty sleeve" in her outermost shell. She likes to steal an electron to fill up her outer shell. You will learn that an Oxidizing Agent is an aggressive atom (or compound) that takes "hands" or valence electrons rather than give them away; a real thief! A Reducing Agent is the opposite. He/She likes to give away his/her valence electrons (as the atoms in Columns 1 and 2 (Groups 1A and 2A) from the Periodic Table). Atoms in Groups 1A and 2A have low electronegativity. Halogens (Group 7A) have a large electronegativity (close to 4).
Tom The Atom Book 12
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Author : Dr Mum
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020-11
Tom The Atom Book 12 written by Dr Mum and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11 with categories.
Copper is a colorful member of the Transition Metal family, Group 3B, a brother of Iron. He is used to reinforcing the concept of Oxidation States in atoms. Not all metals exist in Nature as pure metals. Copper is one of the few metals that can be found as a native metal (Copper atoms together) or forming compounds with other atoms. Tom-the-Atom introduces the concept of Metal Alloys. Copper is widely used because he is easily made into wires (it is malleable), and it is an excellent conductor of electricity and heat. That is why it is used for the wiring in your home. One alloy of Copper called Bronze was so popular among humans that it gave a name to an era as the "Bronze Era."
Power Of The Atom 1988 18
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Author : Tom Peyer
language : en
Publisher: DC
Release Date : 2016-01-19
Power Of The Atom 1988 18 written by Tom Peyer and has been published by DC this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-01-19 with Comics & Graphic Novels categories.
Final issue. The Atom finally turns the tables on the organization responsible for all of his recent problems.
Tom The Atom Book 19
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Author : Dr Mum
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020-12-28
Tom The Atom Book 19 written by Dr Mum and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-28 with categories.
Children met Sulfur, and Polymerization was described to them. They understood the importance of Sulfur in our body and Sulfur's role in the plastic industry. Sulfur occupies Column 16 (or Group 6A) in the Periodic Table; i.e., she has 6 "hands" or valence electrons; the same that her brother Oxygen. Sulfur is under Oxygen in the third row of the Periodic Table, indicating she has three shells. She has a bright yellow color, and she can have a horrible smell when combined with Hydrogen (H2S). Bacteria can produce H2S, which has a characteristic odor like rotten eggs. Sulfur can be toxic and damaging to humans' bodies if used in excess. Sulfur has a characteristic when it is heated, it becomes thicker (more viscous) instead of becoming thinner (less viscous) like most substances.
Tom The Atom Book 13
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Author : Dr Mum
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020-11-02
Tom The Atom Book 13 written by Dr Mum and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11-02 with categories.
You, Mary, and Henry met Gold, an atom from the family of the Transition Metals. However, he and his nine siblings form a small subfamily called the Noble Metals. The atoms of the subfamily(that belongs to the Transition Metals family) are very reactive as atoms but not asmetals. As metals, the Noble Metals' atoms are happy and feel complete. They are severalreasons, but the most important is that their s subshell (which suffers a contraction (LanthanideContraction)) is closer to the atom's belly.The outermost d subshell is full. That property of the Noble Metals (shrunken radius and innervalence s subshell) allows humans to use the Noble Metal as a facilitator of electron transferbetween two reacting molecules/atoms in a process called "Catalysis". Noble Metals do sowithout messing (reacting) with those compounds. Still, they just help their electrons to movefaster from molecules to compounds through them: they make the reaction go quicker, and aCATALYST had born!Gold and Platinum, Gold and his brother, Platinum, are the most stable atoms, and whencombined with tuples, they form bulk metals. In general, Metals are attacked by Oxygen andwater, transforming back the metal to Metal Oxides. But Oxygen and water cannot attack theNoble Metals. They remain shiny and beautiful; that is, they do not "tarnish". Particularly, Gold has that pretty color and high luster. Noble Metals have the highest electronegativity(want to grab electrons from other atoms) among the Transition Metals. While TransitionMetals have mostly positive Oxidation States (lose electrons), Noble Metals can have negativeOxidations States. But, remember, although the atoms are reactive, the bulk metals are iner
Tom The Atom Book 2
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Author : MUM
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019-11-05
Tom The Atom Book 2 written by MUM and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-05 with categories.
You, Henry, and Mary learned that atoms belong to 10 families. That they are a total of 92 atoms. Only 92 in the entire Universe! But each one has many twins (tuples). In shape, atoms are round. They have a tiny, massive belly full of Protons and Neutrons. Outside their nucleus or belly, they have from one to 7 belts filled with Electrons. Protons are positive, neutrons do not have a charge, and electrons are negative. The number of protons in their belly equals the total number of small electrons in their shells (or belts). The number of protons and neutrons in their belly gives their weight. The number of shells determines their size. All shells are full, but the last one that can be or not complete. The electrons in the outermost shell are called valence electrons. The number of electrons in their outermost shell (usually from one to eight) dictates the atoms' Character. Tom calls those valence electrons "hands" and the lack of them in that outermost shell called "empty sleeves."