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Tools And The Organism

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Tools And The Organism

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Author : Colin Webster
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2023-11-24

Tools And The Organism written by Colin Webster and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-11-24 with Science categories.

The first book to show how the concept of bodily organs emerged and how ancient tools influenced conceptualizations of human anatomy and its operations. Medicine is itself a type of technology, involving therapeutic tools and substances, and so one can write the history of medicine as the application of different technologies to the human body. In Tools and the Organism, Colin Webster argues that, throughout antiquity, these tools were crucial to broader theoretical shifts. Notions changed about what type of object a body is, what substances constitute its essential nature, and how its parts interact. By following these changes and taking the question of technology into the heart of Greek and Roman medicine, Webster reveals how the body was first conceptualized as an “organism”—a functional object whose inner parts were tools, or organa, that each completed certain vital tasks. He also shows how different medical tools created different bodies. Webster’s approach provides both an overarching survey of the ways that technologies impacted notions of corporeality and corporeal behaviors and, at the same time, stays attentive to the specific material details of ancient tools and how they informed assumptions about somatic structures, substances, and inner processes. For example, by turning to developments in water-delivery technologies and pneumatic tools, we see how these changing material realities altered theories of the vascular system and respiration across Classical antiquity. Tools and the Organism makes the compelling case for why telling the history of ancient Greco-Roman medical theories, from the Hippocratics to Galen, should pay close attention to the question of technology.

Tools And The Organism

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Author : Colin Webster
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2023

"Medicine is itself a type of technology, involving therapeutic tools and substances, and so one way to write the history of medicine is as the application of different technologies to the human body. In Tools and the Organism, Colin Webster argues that, over the course of antiquity, notions shifted about what type of object a body is, what substances constitute its essential nature, and how its parts interact. By following these changes and taking the question of technology into the heart of Greek and Roman medicine, Webster reveals how the body was first conceptualized as an "organism"-a functional object whose inner parts were tools [organa] that each completed certain vital tasks. Webster's approach provides both an overarching survey of the ways that technologies impacted notions of corporeality and corporeal behaviors and, at the same time, stays attentive to the specific material details of ancient tools and how they informed assumptions about somatic structures, substances, and inner processes. For example, by turning to developments in water-delivery technologies and pneumatic tools, we see how these changing material realities altered theories of the vascular system and respiration across Classical antiquity. Tools and the Organism makes the compelling case for why telling the history of ancient Greco-Roman medical theories, from the Hippocratics to Galen, should pay close attention to the question of technology. Selling points: Tour de force survey of ancient medicine First book to demonstrate how the body got its "organs" and what this has to do with ancient technologies For anyone interested in ancient culture, science, medicine, and technology"--

Synthetic Biology

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Author : Daniel G. Gibson
language : en
Publisher: Perspectives Cshl
Release Date : 2017

Synthetic Biology written by Daniel G. Gibson and has been published by Perspectives Cshl this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Science categories.

Synthetic biology involves the rational design and construction of biological components and systemsfrom genetic elements and metabolic pathways to entirely new organisms. Progress in this field has been rapid, and it promises to significantly expand our capabilities in biotechnology, medicine, and agriculture. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology examines the tools and techniques employed by synthetic biologists, how these may be used to develop new drugs, diagnostic approaches, food sources, and clean energy, and what the field of synthetic biology has taught us about natural living systems. The contributors discuss advances in DNA synthesis and assembly, genome editing (e.g., CRISPR/Cas9), and artificial genetic systems. Progress in designing complex genetic switches and circuits, expanding the genetic code, modifying cellular organization, producing proteins using cell-free systems, and developing biodesign automation tools is also covered. The authors also explore ways to produce new organisms and products that have particular attributesfor example, microbial "molecular factories," synthetic organs and tissues, and plants with novel traits. This volume is an essential resource for molecular, cell, and systems biologists who seek to engineer living systems for human benefit.

The Tool Instinct

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Author : François Osiurak
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2020-06-03

The Tool Instinct written by François Osiurak and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-03 with Psychology categories.

Humans use countless tools and are constantly creating new ones. We are so prone to materiality that the changes we implement in our environment could put our very survival at stake. It has therefore become necessary to question the cognitive origins of this materiality. The Tool Instinct examines this subject by diametrically setting aside the idea that tool use is limited to manual activity. It proposes an original perspective that surpasses a great number of false beliefs regarding the relationship between humans and tools. The author argues that the human tendency to create and use tools relies on our ability (one that may be unique to our species) to generate our own physical problems, thereby resulting in a reasoning that is directed towards our physical world.

Tools Language And Cognition In Human Evolution

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Author : Kathleen Rita Gibson
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1993

Tools Language And Cognition In Human Evolution written by Kathleen Rita Gibson and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Computers categories.

Looks at how humans have evolved complex behaviours such as language and culture.

Cognition And Tool Use

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Author : Christopher Baber
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2003-07-24

Cognition And Tool Use written by Christopher Baber and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-07-24 with Technology & Engineering categories.

The ability to use tools is a distinguishing feature of human beings. It represents a complex psychomotor activity that we are only now beginning to comprehend. Robust new theoretical accounts allow us to better understand how people use tools and explain differences in human and animal tool use from the perspective of cognitive science. Our understanding needs to be grounded upon research into how people use tools, which draws upon many disciplines, from ergonomics to anthropology to cognitive science to neuropsychology. Cognition and Tool Use: Forms of Engagement in Human and Animal Use of Tools presents a single coherent account of human tool use as a complex psychomotor activity. It explains how people use tools and how this activity can succeed or fail, then describes the design and development of usable tools. This book considers contemporary tool use in domains such as surgery, and considers future developments in human-computer interfaces, such as haptic virtual reality and tangible user interfaces. No other single text brings together the research from the different disciplines, ranging from archaeology and anthropology to psychology and ergonomics, which contribute to this topic. Graduate students, professionals, and researchers will find this guide to be invaluable.

The Right Tools For The Job

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Author : Adele E. Clarke
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2014-07-14

The Right Tools For The Job written by Adele E. Clarke and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-07-14 with Science categories.

This volume examines scientific practice through studies of research tools in an array of twentieth-century life sciences. The contributors draw upon and extend the multidisciplinary perspectives in current science studies to understand the processes through which scientific researchers constructed the right--and, in some cases, the wrong--tools for the job. The articles portray the crafting or accessing of specific materials, techniques, instruments, models, funds, and work arrangements involved in doing scientific work. They demonstrate the historical and local contingencies of scientific problem construction and solving by highlighting the articulation between the tools and jobs. Indeed, the very "rightness" of the tools is contingently constructed, maintained, lost, and refashioned. The cases examined include evolutionary biology laboratory systems (James R. Griesemer), the plasmid prep procedure in molecular biology (Kathleen Jordan and Michael Lynch), models in the human ecology of African pastoralists (Peter Taylor), the micromanometer in metabolic studies (Frederic L. Holmes), genetics research and the role played by Planaria (Gregg Mitman and Anne Fausto-Sterling) and by corn (Barbara A. Kimmelman), quantitative data in field biology (Yrj Haila), taxidermy in natural history (Susan Leigh Star), technical standardization in bacteriology (Patricia Peck Gossell), and the discipline of immunology as the tool for stabilizing conceptual definitions in the field (Peter Keating, Alberto Cambrosio, and Michael Mackenzie). Originally published in 1992. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Design With Digital Tools

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Author : Mark Von Wodtke
language : en
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Companies
Release Date : 2000

Design With Digital Tools written by Mark Von Wodtke and has been published by McGraw-Hill Companies this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Architecture categories.

A tool for professionals in all design fields. It provides methods and strategies for applying digital technology to design development and design communication. The convergence of computers, telecommunications and video is presenting increased challenges to designers and architects. This book guides them in online collaboration, information gathering and digital modelling, enabling them to communicate effectively electronically using applications from databases to animation, video, CAD systems, CD-ROM production, and Web authoring.

Biotechnology And The Integrity Of Life

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Author : Mr Michael Hauskeller
language : en
Publisher: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
Release Date : 2012-10-01

Biotechnology And The Integrity Of Life written by Mr Michael Hauskeller and has been published by Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-10-01 with Medical categories.

There are things that can be done and are done to life on earth (whether it be human, animal or plant life) which, even if they do not involve or produce any suffering, are still considered morally wrong by a large proportion of the public. Such things include changing the nature of living beings by means of genetic engineering in order to enhance their health, or, more likely with animals and plants, their utility, or impairing their ability to live autonomously, or unduly instrumentalizing them. Yet many scientists are puzzled about the unwillingness of the public to feel much enthusiasm about a technology that, in their view, promises great benefits to humans and does not seem to cause more harm to animals than other practices which most of us do not question at all. In this book Michael Hauskeller takes public fears seriously and offers the idea of 'biological integrity' as a clarifying principle which can then be analyzed to show that seemingly irrational public concerns about genetic engineering are not so irrational after all and that a philosophically sound justification of those concerns can indeed be given.

The Crispr Cas Tool Kit For Genome Editing

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Author : Aftab Ahmad
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-01-01

The Crispr Cas Tool Kit For Genome Editing written by Aftab Ahmad and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-01-01 with Medical categories.

This book discusses CRISPR/Cas- one of the most powerful tools available to scientists for genome editing. CRISPR/Cas is not only a genome editing tool, but researchers have also engineered it for gene regulation, genome imaging, base editing and epigenome regulations. This book describes the entire toolkit for CRISPR/Cas. The opening section gives an introduction to the technique and compares it with other genome editing tools. Further section gives a historical perspective of the tool, along with its detailed classification. The next chapters describe bioinformatic tools in CRISPR/Cas, and delivery methods for CRISPR/Cas. The book also discusses about the applications of CRISPR/Cas beyond genome editing and use of CRISPR for rewriting genetic codes. The book dedicates a section to the use of CRISPR in plants. The book culminates with a chapter on the current status, challenges and shortcomings of the CRISPR/Cas genome editing tool. The book would be highly interesting to students and researchers in molecular biology, biochemistry, biotechnology, food science, agriculture and plant sciences.

Tools And The Organism

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