Trade Exchange Rate And Agricultural Pricing Policies In Colombia
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Trade Exchange Rate And Agricultural Pricing Policies In Colombia
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Author : Jorge García García
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
Trade Exchange Rate And Agricultural Pricing Policies In Colombia written by Jorge García García and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Business & Economics categories.
This monograph examines the impact of direct and indirect government intervention in Colombia's coffee, cotton, rice, and wheat markets between 1960 and 1983 and compares it with the situation that would have prevailed in the absence of intervention. The effects of intervention on prices, production, consumption, net foreign exchange earnings, the real income of producers and consumers, and transfers of income between agriculture and the rest of the economy are evaluated. As a result of state interventions (direct and indirect) in the market for the four commodities, production of these commodities fell below its potential level : a difference of 20 % for coffee and rice, 40 % for cotton, and 15 for wheat. These interventions were maintained even though they hurt agricultural producers. The report points out that one reason for intervention is to help consumers, but the results show that real annual incomes of the poorest consumers of rice and wheat derived products never increased by more than 3 percent. Direct intervention, however, isolated the domestic from the international market and thus prevented the transmission of variations in international prices to domestic prices.
Trade Exchange Rate And Agricultural Pricing Policies In Argentina
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Author : Adolfo Sturzenegger
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Trade Exchange Rate And Agricultural Pricing Policies In Argentina written by Adolfo Sturzenegger and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Business & Economics categories.
From the twentieth century until World War II, Argentina was a leading exporter of agricultural goods. In the early 1980s, agriculture accounted for roughly 57 percent of the country's total exports. During the period covered by this study (1961 to 1985), Argentina's trade policy, which was carried out through export taxes on the main agricultural and agroindustrial products and through industrial protection, was designed to discriminate against most exports vis-a-vis imports. This study examines the impact of trade and exchange rate policies on wheat, corn, sorghum, soybeans, sunflower seeds and beef production. One of its prinicipal findings is that direct price intervention substantially reduced producer prices and that industrial protection policies and overvaluation of the real exchange rate taxed agriculture even more than direct interventions. The study also explores the political factors underlying the establishment of policies that had these negative effects. The main conclusion is that external events, such as the Great Depression and World War II led to a fall in export prices and to higher import prices. Policies were established in the post war period to maintain the protection to import-substitutes and the taxation of agriculture. Export taxes were seen as a way of keeping domestic food prices low and of improving fiscal equilibrium by producing larger tax revenues.
Trade Exchange Rate And Agricultural Pricing Policies In Chile The Country Study
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Author : Alberto Valdés
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Trade Exchange Rate And Agricultural Pricing Policies In Chile The Country Study written by Alberto Valdés and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Business & Economics categories.
The objectives of this study were twofold. The first objective was to measure for the 1960 -84 period the level of price intervention on agricultural products and the effects it had on output, consumption, foreign exchange, the government budget, income transfers between agriculture and the rest of the economy, and income distribution. The second and ultimate objective was to analyze the political economy of price intervention ( to understand the interaction between political and economic forces ). Central to the objectives was the knowledge of what political constraints influenced decisions on agricultural pricing policy, as well as to what extent economic constraints on the government and market forces led to pressures on policymakers to alter farm price policies. An underlying thesis of this study is that agricultural incentives are strongly affected by developments in other sectors of the economy, especially by trade and macroeconomic policies. The report is divided into 3 parts : Part I presents an overview of the economy and the agricultural sector, then gives a descriptive history of agricultural price policies; Part II presents the effects of these policies; and Part III presents the political economy interpretation of these policies. The appendices detail the estimation procedures as well as the basic data used.
The Effects Of Exchange Rates And Commercial Policy On Agricultural Incentives In Colombia 1953 1978
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Author : Jorge García García
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 1981
The Effects Of Exchange Rates And Commercial Policy On Agricultural Incentives In Colombia 1953 1978 written by Jorge García García and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1981 with Social Science categories.
Extract: Since the 1930s Colombia's economic policy has been directed to reaching three goals; to maintain self-sufficiency in food, to substitute domestically produced manufactured goods for imports, and in the 1970s to correct an ailing balance of payments by promoting exports. This paper describes Colombia's chosen path of import substitution which reflects that of so many Third World countries. It traces the effect on agriculture of tariffs, severe import restrictions or prohibitions, an overvalued national currency (peso), and export subsidies. The time span of the report is divided into two periods, 1953-67, when import substitution was the primary aim of foreign trade policy, and 1967-78, when exports were encouraged to aid the trade balance.
Trade Exchange Rate And Agricultural Pricing Policies In The Dominican Republic Appendixes Data And Methodology
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Author : Duty D. Greene
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
Trade Exchange Rate And Agricultural Pricing Policies In The Dominican Republic Appendixes Data And Methodology written by Duty D. Greene and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Business & Economics categories.
Trade Exchange Rate And Agricultural Pricing Policies In Chile Appendixes Data And Methodology
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Author : Alberto Valdés
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Trade Exchange Rate And Agricultural Pricing Policies In Chile Appendixes Data And Methodology written by Alberto Valdés and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Business & Economics categories.
The objectives of this study were twofold. The first objective was to measure for the 1960 -84 period the level of price intervention on agricultural products and the effects it had on output, consumption, foreign exchange, the government budget, income transfers between agriculture and the rest of the economy, and income distribution. The second and ultimate objective was to analyze the political economy of price intervention ( to understand the interaction between political and economic forces ). Central to the objectives was the knowledge of what political constraints influenced decisions on agricultural pricing policy, as well as to what extent economic constraints on the government and market forces led to pressures on policymakers to alter farm price policies. An underlying thesis of this study is that agricultural incentives are strongly affected by developments in other sectors of the economy, especially by trade and macroeconomic policies. The report is divided into 3 parts : Part I presents an overview of the economy and the agricultural sector, then gives a descriptive history of agricultural price policies; Part II presents the effects of these policies; and Part III presents the political economy interpretation of these policies. The appendices detail the estimation procedures as well as the basic data used.
Trade Exchange Rate And Agricultural Pricing Policies In Chile
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Author : Alberto Valdés
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Trade Exchange Rate And Agricultural Pricing Policies In Chile written by Alberto Valdés and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with categories.
Trade Exchange Rate And Agricultural Pricing Policies In The Dominican Republic The Country Study
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Author : Duty D. Greene
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
Trade Exchange Rate And Agricultural Pricing Policies In The Dominican Republic The Country Study written by Duty D. Greene and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Agricultural prices categories.
The Effects Of Trade And Exchange Rate Policies On Production Incentives In Agriculture
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Author : Dimitris Diakosavvas
language : en
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date : 1990
The Effects Of Trade And Exchange Rate Policies On Production Incentives In Agriculture written by Dimitris Diakosavvas and has been published by Food & Agriculture Org. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Business & Economics categories.
Linking Macroeconomic And Agricultural Policies For Adjustment With Growth
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Author : Vinod Thomas
language : en
Publisher: Johns Hopkins University Press
Release Date : 1985
Linking Macroeconomic And Agricultural Policies For Adjustment With Growth written by Vinod Thomas and has been published by Johns Hopkins University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985 with Business & Economics categories.
In the early 1980s, Colombia's economic performance slowed. During 1983-84, when this study was completed, Colombia's external accounts were facing significant difficulties. Faced with growing balance of payments problems, the government initiated an adjustment program that emphasizes export development and fiscal and monetary restraint. Some of the problems of the external sector during the first half of the 1980s could be attributed to a slowdown in the expansion of noncoffee production and exports combined with a downswing in coffee prospects. Equally important, however, were the unfavorable trends in the capital markets, which were responding to the economic and debt woes of Latin America. While international factors are crucial to an understanding of the evolving situation, this study is focused on domestic measures managed by policymakers. The book also establishes some of the requirements of medium-term performance and, emphasizing the need for sectoral revitalization, it reviews growth options in agriculture. The book is in four parts. First, it discusses trade-related macroeconomic policies, with special attention given to their connection with agriculture. This discussion includes: an overview of issues and the effects of macroeconomic policy on the agricultural sector; a review of export policy focused on management of export incentives; and import policy alternatives. Second, the study includes an assessment of price policies in agriculture, including price support and import restrictions; price stabilization issues; and policies regarding coffee production and pricing, and issues related to agricultural diversification. Third, the study examines nonpricing issues that influence the production environment in agriculture, including public and private sector investment in agriculture, and direct policies aimed at increasing agricultural productivity. Finally, the study draws out the main conclusions of the work.