Trends In Neuroimmunology Cross Talk Between Brain Resident And Peripheral Immune Cells In Both Health And Disease

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Trends In Neuroimmunology Cross Talk Between Brain Resident And Peripheral Immune Cells In Both Health And Disease

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Author : Estela Maris Muñoz
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2024-06-26

Trends In Neuroimmunology Cross Talk Between Brain Resident And Peripheral Immune Cells In Both Health And Disease written by Estela Maris Muñoz and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-06-26 with Medical categories.

The functional anatomy of organisms is maintained by the coordination of different systems, that often rely on particular interactions between specialized cells and between macromolecules. The immune system works with the circulatory and the lymphatic systems to protect most of the organs. However, some organs are considered immune privileged due to the presence of highly selective and regulated barriers, such as the blood-brain barrier (BBB) within the brain. The BBB controls periphery-brain molecule exchange and prevents immune effector cells from entering the homeostatic brain. BBB-associated elements, such as endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, and microglia, potentially can function as antigen-presenting cells (APC). Pathological scenarios that induce dysfunction of the BBB and its associated cells may lead to the infiltration of lymphocytes crossing over from the blood to brain. Similarly, traumas can also enable B and T lymphocytes to pass bidirectionally between the CNS and the periphery, via the meningeal lymphatic vessels which drain into the cervical lymph nodes. Research in animals and in humans has revealed that B and T cells are involved in the progression of neurological diseases. It has been showed that under particular conditions, T cells establish themselves and become resident in the brain (T RM cells), from where they can either exert beneficial or detrimental effects on brain function. Amazing efforts have been made to further comprehend interactions between brain-specific cells and peripheral immune cells, and especially their roles and impact on the onset, progression, and eventual resolution of diverse brain pathologies.

Community Series In Trends In Neuroimmunology Cross Talk Between Brain Resident And Peripheral Immune Cells In Both Health And Disease Volume Ii

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Author : Estela Maris Muñoz
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2025-08-21

Community Series In Trends In Neuroimmunology Cross Talk Between Brain Resident And Peripheral Immune Cells In Both Health And Disease Volume Ii written by Estela Maris Muñoz and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-08-21 with Medical categories.

The functional anatomy of organisms is maintained by the coordination of different systems, that often rely on particular interactions between specialized cells and between macromolecules. The immune system works with the circulatory and the lymphatic systems to protect most of the organs. However, some organs are considered immune privileged due to the presence of highly selective and regulated barriers, such as the blood-brain barrier (BBB) within the brain. The BBB controls periphery-brain molecule exchange and prevents immune effector cells from entering the homeostatic brain. BBB-associated elements, such as endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, and microglia, potentially can function as antigen-presenting cells (APC). Pathological scenarios that induce dysfunction of the BBB and its associated cells may lead to the infiltration of lymphocytes crossing over from the blood to brain. Similarly, traumas can also enable B and T lymphocytes to pass bidirectionally between the CNS and the periphery, via the meningeal lymphatic vessels which drain into the cervical lymph nodes. Research in animals and in humans has revealed that B and T cells are involved in the progression of neurological diseases. It has been showed that under particular conditions, T cells establish themselves and become resident in the brain (TRM cells), from where they can either exert beneficial or detrimental effects on brain function. Amazing efforts have been made to further comprehend interactions between brain-specific cells and peripheral immune cells, and especially their roles and impact on the onset, progression, and eventual resolution of diverse brain pathologies.

Neuroimmune Interface In Health And Diseases

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Author : Ihssane Zouikr
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2017-12-06

Neuroimmune Interface In Health And Diseases written by Ihssane Zouikr and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-12-06 with categories.

It is now well appreciated that the immune system, in addition to its traditional role in defending the organism against pathogens, communicate in a well-organized fashion with the brain to maintain homeostasis and regulate a set of neural functions. Perturbation in this brain-immune interactions due to inflammatory responses may lead to psychiatric and neurological disorders. Microglia are one of the essential cells involved in the brain-immune interactions. Microglial cells are now not simply regarded as resident tissue macrophages in the brain. These cells are derived from myeloid progenitor cells in the yolk sac in early gestation, travel to the brain parenchyma and interact actively with neurons during the critical period of neurogenesis. Microglia provide a trophic support to developing neurons and take part in the neural wiring through the activity-dependent synapse elimination via direct neuron-microglia interactions. Altered microglial functions including changes in the gene expression due to early life inflammatory events or psychological and environmental stressors can be causally related to neurodevelopmental diseases and mental health disorders. This type of alterations in the neural functions can occur in the absence of infiltration of inflammatory cells in the brain parenchyma or leptomeninges. In this sense, the pathogenetic state underlying a significant part of psychiatric and neurological diseases may be similar to “para-inflammation”, an intermediate state between homeostatic and classical inflammatory states as defined by Ruslan Medzhitov (Nature 454:428-35, 2008). Therefore, it is important to study how systemic inflammation affects brain health and how local peripheral inflammation induces changes in the brain microenvironment. Chronic pain is also induced by disturbance in otherwise well-organized multisystem interplay comprising of reciprocal neural, endocrine and immune interactions. Especially, early-life insults including exposure to immune challenges can alter the neuroanatomical components of nociception, which induces altered pain response later in life. Recently the discrete roles of microglia and blood monocyte-derived macrophages are being defined. The distinction may be further highlighted by disorders in which the brain parenchymal tissue is damaged. Therefore, studies investigating the dynamics of immune cells in traumatic brain injury and neurotropic viral infections including human immunodeficiency virus, etc. as well as neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are promising to clarify the interplay between the central nervous and immune systems. The understanding of the histological architecture providing the infrastructure of such neuro-immune interplay is also essential. This Frontiers research topic brings together fourteen articles and aims to create a platform for researchers in the field of psychoneuroimmunology to share the recent theories, hypotheses and future perspectives regarding open questions on the mechanisms of cell-cell interactions with chemical mediators among the nervous, immune and endocrine systems. We hope that this platform would reveal the relevance of the studies on multisystem interactions to enhance the understanding of the mechanisms underlying a wide variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders.

Clinical Relevance Of The Immune To Brain And Brain To Immune Communications

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Author : Julie Lasselin
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2019-03-29

Clinical Relevance Of The Immune To Brain And Brain To Immune Communications written by Julie Lasselin and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-29 with categories.

Experimental and clinical evidence demonstrates an intense crosstalk among the nervous, endocrine and immune systems. The central nervous system (CNS) not only has the capacity to affect peripheral immune function, but is also able to sense and process signals from the peripheral immune system. The bi-directional interaction between the CNS and the peripheral immune system has gained great interest as it can help better understand disease pathophysiology as well as improving health and treatment outcomes in patients. On the one hand, inflammatory factors are known to affect CNS functions and to induce neuropsychiatric symptoms, making immune-to-brain communication highly relevant for psychiatric diseases and their treatments. On the other hand, analyzing pathways of brain-to-immune communication will help to understand the pathophysiology of chronic inflammatory disorders and will form the basis for optimizing treatment of these diseases.

Crosstalk Between Peripheral And Local Immune Response In The Pathophysiology Of Stroke And Neurodegeneration Diseases Volume Ii

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Author : Yuanjian Fang
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2024-03-06

Crosstalk Between Peripheral And Local Immune Response In The Pathophysiology Of Stroke And Neurodegeneration Diseases Volume Ii written by Yuanjian Fang and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-03-06 with Medical categories.

Accumulating evidence reveals both local and peripheral immune systems participated in the pathophysiology changes of acute and chronic neurological diseases. Immune cell activation facilitates inflammatory response in neurological diseases such as stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The immune response initiated by brain local cells (microglia and astrocytes) and peripheral blood cells (monocytes/macrophages, neutrophil, T cells, B cells), are now commonly thought to contribute “double-edged sword” effects to the progression of neurological diseases, which not only promoting repair and recovery, but also accelerating brain injury. Meanwhile, local and peripheral immune responses have complex crosstalk in the development of post-stroke injury and neurodegeneration disease.

Neuroimmunology Research Focus

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Author : Paulo V. Broglio
language : en
Publisher: Nova Publishers
Release Date : 2007

Neuroimmunology Research Focus written by Paulo V. Broglio and has been published by Nova Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Medical categories.

Neuroimmunology is a rapidly-growing branch of biomedical science that studies of all aspects of the interactions between the immune system and nervous system. It deals with, among other things, the physiological functioning of the neuroimmune system in states of both health and disease; malfunctions of the neuroimmune system in disorders (autoimmune diseases, hypersensitivities, immune deficiency), the physical, chemical and physiological characteristics of the components of the neuroimmune system in vitro, in situ, and in vivo. Despite the brain's status as an immune privileged site, an extensive bi-directional communication takes place between the nervous and the immune system in both health and disease. Immune cells and neuroimmune molecules such as cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors modulate brain function through multiple signalling pathways throughout the lifespan. Immunological, physiological and psychological stressors engage cytokines and other immune molecules as mediators of interactions with neuroendocrine, neuropeptide, and neurotransmitter systems. For example, brain cytokine levels increase following stress exposure, while treatments designed to alleviate stress reverse this effect. This book presents leading research in the field.

Neuroimmunology Research Perspectives

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Author : Lilian M. Johansson
language : en
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
Release Date : 2007

Neuroimmunology Research Perspectives written by Lilian M. Johansson and has been published by Nova Science Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Medical categories.

Neuroimmunology is a rapidly-growing branch of biomedical science that studies of all aspects of the interactions between the immune system and nervous system. It deals with, among other things, the physiological functioning of the neuroimmune system in states of both health and disease; malfunctions of the neuroimmune system in disorders (autoimmune diseases, hypersensitivities, immune deficiency), the physical, chemical and physiological characteristics of the components of the neuroimmune system in vitro, in situ, and in vivo. Despite the brain's status as an immune privileged site, an extensive bi-directional communication takes place between the nervous and the immune system in both health and disease. Immune cells and neuroimmune molecules such as cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors modulate brain function through multiple signalling pathways throughout the lifespan. Immunological, physiological and psychological stressors engage cytokines and other immune molecules as mediators of interactions with neuroendocrine, neuropeptide, and neurotransmitter systems. For example, brain cytokine levels increase following stress exposure, while treatments designed to alleviate stress reverse this effect. This book presents leading research from around the globe.

Crosstalk Between Peripheral And Local Immune Response In The Pathophysiology Of Stroke And Neurodegeneration Diseases

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Author : Yuanjian Fang
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2023-12-27

Crosstalk Between Peripheral And Local Immune Response In The Pathophysiology Of Stroke And Neurodegeneration Diseases written by Yuanjian Fang and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-12-27 with Medical categories.

Neuroimmunity

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Author : Michal Schwartz
language : en
Publisher: Yale University Press
Release Date : 2015-01-01

Neuroimmunity written by Michal Schwartz and has been published by Yale University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-01-01 with Medical categories.

Pathbreaking research offers new hope for treating brain diseases and injuries and for maintaining brain health even into old age In the past, the brain was considered an autonomous organ, self-contained and completely separate from the body's immune system. But over the past twenty years, neuroimmunologist Michal Schwartz, together with her research team, not only has overturned this misconception but has brought to light revolutionary new understandings of brain health and repair. In this book Schwartz describes her research journey, her experiments, and the triumphs and setbacks that led to the discovery of connections between immune system and brain. Michal Schwartz, with Anat London, also explains the significance of the findings for future treatments of brain disorders and injuries, spinal cord injuries, glaucoma, depression, and other conditions such as brain aging and Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Scientists, physicians, medical students, and all readers with an interest in brain function and its relationship to the immune system in health and disease will find this book a valuable resource. With general readers in mind, the authors provide a useful primer to explain scientific terms and concepts discussed in the book.

Neuro Immune Interactions In Neurologic And Psychiatric Disorders

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Author : P. Patterson
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Neuro Immune Interactions In Neurologic And Psychiatric Disorders written by P. Patterson and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.

The idea that the brain is an "immune-privileged site" has perhaps served to slow our realization that the intact brain can generate its own inflammatory reactions. These responses can be to peripheral infection, or they can arise from local, internal causes, for instance as a response to stress or to the se vere changes in neuronal activity in seizure or the loss of oxygen in stroke. We are also becoming increasingly aware of the contribution of local inflam matory reactions to certain neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's In fact, evidence is accumulating that inflammatory processes disease (AD). contribute to the progression of AD, suggesting the possibility of using cur rently available or novel anti-inflammatory agents to interfere with this terri ble disease. Correlations are also being made between inflammatory signs and mental illness, which is a new frontier of research. This book presents the current state of knowledge in a variety of areas relevant to neuro-immune interactions, with particular attention to AD.