Truth Vagueness And Paradox
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Truth Vagueness And Paradox
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Author : Vann McGee
language : en
Publisher: Hackett Publishing
Release Date : 1990-01-01
Truth Vagueness And Paradox written by Vann McGee and has been published by Hackett Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990-01-01 with Philosophy categories.
Awarded the 1988 Johnsonian Prize in Philosophy. Published with the aid of a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities.
Saving Truth From Paradox
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Author : Hartry Field
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2008-03-06
Saving Truth From Paradox written by Hartry Field and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-03-06 with Philosophy categories.
Saving Truth from Paradox is an ambitious investigation into paradoxes of truth and related issues, with occasional forays into notions such as vagueness, the nature of validity, and the Gödel incompleteness theorems. Hartry Field presents a new approach to the paradoxes and provides a systematic and detailed account of the main competing approaches. Part One examines Tarski's, Kripke’s, and Lukasiewicz’s theories of truth, and discusses validity and soundness, and vagueness. Part Two considers a wide range of attempts to resolve the paradoxes within classical logic. In Part Three Field turns to non-classical theories of truth that that restrict excluded middle. He shows that there are theories of this sort in which the conditionals obey many of the classical laws, and that all the semantic paradoxes (not just the simplest ones) can be handled consistently with the naive theory of truth. In Part Four, these theories are extended to the property-theoretic paradoxes and to various other paradoxes, and some issues about the understanding of the notion of validity are addressed. Extended paradoxes, involving the notion of determinate truth, are treated very thoroughly, and a number of different arguments that the theories lead to "revenge problems" are addressed. Finally, Part Five deals with dialetheic approaches to the paradoxes: approaches which, instead of restricting excluded middle, accept certain contradictions but alter classical logic so as to keep them confined to a relatively remote part of the language. Advocates of dialetheic theories have argued them to be better than theories that restrict excluded middle, for instance over issues related to the incompleteness theorems and in avoiding revenge problems. Field argues that dialetheists’ claims on behalf of their theories are quite unfounded, and indeed that on some of these issues all current versions of dialetheism do substantially worse than the best theories that restrict excluded middle.
Truth Probability And Paradox
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Author : John Leslie Mackie
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 1973
Truth Probability And Paradox written by John Leslie Mackie and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1973 with Mathematics categories.
Classic work by one of the most brilliant figures in post-war analytic philosophy.
Paradoxes Between Truth And Proof
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Author : Mattia Petrolo
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2024-12-04
Paradoxes Between Truth And Proof written by Mattia Petrolo and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-12-04 with Mathematics categories.
This book is a collection of essays that offer original logical and philosophical investigations into the century-long endeavor to understand paradoxes. It bridges the gap between the two most prominent traditions in the analysis of paradoxes: the truth-theoretic and proof-theoretic approaches. The truth-theoretic tradition stems from Alfred Tarski's solution to the semantic paradoxes, while the proof-theoretic tradition dates back to Dag Prawitz's analysis of set-theoretic paradoxes in terms of structural proof theory. Rather than viewing these traditions as competing perspectives, this volume advocates for the idea that a deeper understanding of paradoxes requires insights from both truth-theoretic and proof-theoretic conceptions of language and meaning. Although the collection does not aim to be exhaustive, it seeks to highlight the vast scope of the subject and its deep connections to various fields of inquiry. The essays are organized into four sections: the first focuses on methodology, the second and third examine paradoxes through the conventional lenses of logical investigation—semantics and syntax—, and the fourth presents a selection of paradoxes that extend beyond the interplay between syntax and semantics, exploring other dimensions of human rationality.
Vagueness
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Author : Kit Fine
language : en
Publisher: Rutgers Lectures in Philosophy
Release Date : 2020
Vagueness written by Kit Fine and has been published by Rutgers Lectures in Philosophy this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Mathematics categories.
Vagueness is a subject of long-standing interest in the philosophy of language, metaphysics, and philosophical logic. Numerous accounts of vagueness have been proposed in the literature but there has been no general consensus on which, if any, should be be accepted. Kit Fine here presents a new theory of vagueness based on the radical hypothesis that vagueness is a "global" rather than a "local" phenomenon. In other words, according to Fine, the vagueness of an object or expression cannot properly be considered except in its relation to other objects or other expressions. He then applies the theory to a variety of topics in logic, metaphysics and epistemology, including the sorites paradox, the problem of personal identity, and the transparency of mental phenomenon. This is the inaugural volume in the Rutgers Lectures in Philosophy series, presenting lectures from the most important contemporary thinkers in the discipline.
Indeterminacy Vagueness And Truth
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Author : Ken Akiba
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2024-10-28
Indeterminacy Vagueness And Truth written by Ken Akiba and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-10-28 with Science categories.
This book shows that the assumption that classical logic is essentially a bivalent (i.e., 2-valued) logic, a logic of truth and falsity, is an incorrect and harmful conception. Classical logic is certainly a Boolean logic, and the smallest (non-degenerate) Boolean algebra is the 2-element Boolean algebra; however, there are numerous Boolean algebras that have more than 2 elements, such as the 4-, 8-, 16-, ..., infinite-element Boolean algebra, and they all work equally well for the semantics of classical logic. Contrary to the popular thought, there is such a thing as classical (or Boolean) many-valued logic. The book applies this logic to solve such philosophical problems as the Fission Problem for personal identity, the Sorites Paradox, and the Liar Paradox. All these problems concern situations that involve indeterminacy or vagueness, situations where there seems 'no fact of the matter' that makes the relevant sentences true or false, thus requiring truth value gaps between truth and falsity. Because of that, classical logic has been thought to be an inadequate tool to deal with the problems. This book, however, offers solutions to those problems by retaining classical logic but assigning intermediate Boolean values to the relevant sentences. The book is of great value to researchers and graduate students in philosophy, especially for those who are interested in the philosophical issues surrounding indeterminacy, vagueness, and truth.
Vagueness And Contradiction
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Author : Roy A. Sorensen
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2004
Vagueness And Contradiction written by Roy A. Sorensen and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Philosophy categories.
Did Buddha become a fat man in one second? Is there a tallest short giraffe? Epistemicists answer 'Yes!' They believe that any predicate that divides things divides them sharply. They solve the ancient sorites paradox by picturing vagueness as a kind of ignorance. The alternative solutions are radical. They either reject classical theorems or inference rules or reject our common sense view of what can exist. Epistemicists spare this central portion of our web of belief by challenging peripheral intuitions about the nature of language. So why is this continuation of the status quo so incredible? Why do epistemicists themselves have trouble believing their theory? In Vagueness and Contradiction Roy Sorensen traces our incredulity to linguistic norms that build upon our psychological tendencies to round off insignificant differences. These simplifying principles lead to massive inconsistency, rather like the rounding off errors of calculators with limited memory. English entitles speakers to believe each 'tolerance conditional' such as those of the form 'If n is small, then n + 1 is small.' The conjunction of these a priori beliefs entails absurd conditionals such as 'If 1 is small, then a billion is small.' Since the negation of this absurdity is an a priori truth, our a priori beliefs about small numbers are jointly inconsistent. One of the tolerance conditionals, at the threshold of smallness, must be an analytic falsehood that we are compelled to regard as a tautology. Since there are infinitely many analytic sorites arguments, Sorensen concludes that we are obliged to believe infinitely many contradictions. These contradictions are not specifically detectable. They are ineliminable, like the heat from a light bulb. Although the light bulb is not designed to produce heat, the heat is inevitably produced as a side-effect of illumination. Vagueness can be avoided by representational systems that make no concession to limits of perception, or memory,or testimony. But quick and rugged representational systems, such as natural languages, will trade 'rationality' for speed and flexibility. Roy Sorensen defends epistemicism in his own distinctive style, inventive and amusing. But he has some serious things to say about language and logic, about the way the world is and about our understanding of it.
Vagueness And Degrees Of Truth
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Author : Nicholas J. J. Smith
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2008-11-06
Vagueness And Degrees Of Truth written by Nicholas J. J. Smith and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-11-06 with Philosophy categories.
In Vagueness and Degrees of Truth, Nicholas Smith develops a new theory of vagueness: fuzzy plurivaluationism. A predicate is said to be vague if there is no sharply defined boundary between the things to which it applies and the things to which it does not apply. For example, 'heavy' is vague in a way that 'weighs over 20 kilograms' is not. A great many predicates - both in everyday talk, and in a wide array of theoretical vocabularies, from law to psychology to engineering - are vague. Smith argues, on the basis of a detailed account of the defining features of vagueness, that an accurate theory of vagueness must involve the idea that truth comes in degrees. The core idea of degrees of truth is that while some sentences are true and some are false, others possess intermediate truth values: they are truer than the false sentences, but not as true as the true ones. Degree-theoretic treatments of vagueness have been proposed in the past, but all have encountered significant objections. In light of these, Smith develops a new type of degree theory. Its innovations include a definition of logical consequence that allows the derivation of a classical consequence relation from the degree-theoretic semantics, a unified account of degrees of truth and subjective probabilities, and the incorporation of semantic indeterminacy - the view that vague statements need not have unique meanings - into the degree-theoretic framework. As well as being essential reading for those working on vagueness, Smith's book provides an excellent entry-point for newcomers to the era - both from elsewhere in philosophy, and from computer science, logic and engineering. It contains a thorough introduction to existing theories of vagueness and to the requisite logical background.
Truth And Paradox
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Author : Tim Maudlin
language : en
Publisher: Clarendon Press
Release Date : 2004-05-13
Truth And Paradox written by Tim Maudlin and has been published by Clarendon Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-05-13 with Philosophy categories.
Truth and Paradox offers a comprehensive account of truth values and the norms governing claims about truth, based on a new approach to logic and semantics. Since the seminal work of Tarski in the mid-twentieth century, the Liar paradox and other related paradoxes have stood in the way of a precise philosophical account of truth. Tim Maudlin draws on analogies from mathematical physics to explicate the origin of classical truth-value gaps, and to provide an account of truth that avoids any hierarchy of languages or of truth predicates. He also closely investigates our reasoning about truth, including apparently unobjectionable reasoning about the paradoxical sentences. The fallacies in that reasoning are located not in any inferences concerning truth, but in the foundations of standard logic. Blocking the paradoxical arguments requires emendation of classical logic, and the requisite emendations call into question the existence of any a priori logical truths. Maudlin also includes a discussion of facts and factuality, most particularly the question of whether there are any facts about truth. All philosophers interested in logic and language will find this a stimulating read.
Unifying The Philosophy Of Truth
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Author : Theodora Achourioti
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-06-16
Unifying The Philosophy Of Truth written by Theodora Achourioti and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-06-16 with Philosophy categories.
This anthology of the very latest research on truth features the work of recognized luminaries in the field, put together following a rigorous refereeing process. Along with an introduction outlining the central issues in the field, it provides a unique and unrivaled view of contemporary work on the nature of truth, with papers selected from key conferences in 2011 such as Truth Be Told (Amsterdam), Truth at Work (Paris), Paradoxes of Truth and Denotation (Barcelona) and Axiomatic Theories of Truth (Oxford). Studying the nature of the concept of ‘truth’ has always been a core role of philosophy, but recent years have been a boom time in the topic. With a wealth of recent conferences examining the subject from various angles, this collection of essays recognizes the pressing need for a volume that brings scholars up to date on the arguments. Offering academics and graduate students alike a much-needed repository of today’s cutting-edge work in this vital topic of philosophy, the volume is required reading for anyone needing to keep abreast of developments, and is certain to act as a catalyst for further innovation and research.