Tunnel Lighting Design Procedures
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Tunnel Lighting Design Procedures
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Author : Vincent P. Gallagher
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1985
Tunnel Lighting Design Procedures written by Vincent P. Gallagher and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985 with Tunnels categories.
Tunnels commonly create bottlenecks in traffic flow because of a change in cross-sectional width and a discontinuing of road shoulders past the portal. The effect of these restrictions can be congestion and high accident rates unless an adequate lighting system is provided to reveal the locations of walls and curbings. The problem is most accute in daytime, when drivers make the transition from a brightly illuminated exterior roadway to the tunnel interior with a much lower luminance level. To facilitate the design of a lighting installation which will allow for this transition, it is convenient to consider tunnels as being made up of 5 zones: 1) the approach zone, 2) the threshold zone, 3) the transition zone, 4) the interior zone, and 5) the exit zone. Each of these zones has specific lighting levels and lengths depending on the tunnel wall materials, tunnel dimensions, wall color, portal landscaping, and traffic characteristics. Luminance requirements can vary from 100 fL to 250 fL depending on the tunnel orientation with the sun.
Criteria For Highway Tunnel Lighting Design
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Author : James A. Thompson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1968
Criteria For Highway Tunnel Lighting Design written by James A. Thompson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1968 with categories.
Iesna Recommended Practice For Tunnel Lighting
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Author : Illuminating Engineering Society of North America
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Iesna Recommended Practice For Tunnel Lighting written by Illuminating Engineering Society of North America and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Tunnels categories.
Transportation Tunnels
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Author : S. Ponnuswamy
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2017-12-21
Transportation Tunnels written by S. Ponnuswamy and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-12-21 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Transportation Tunnels, 2nd Edition provides a comprehensive text on tunneling and tunnel engineering applicable in general to all types of tunnels, with more detailed information on highway and railway tunnels. While the First Edition of the book was confined to deal with railway and highway tunnels, the Second Edition is also extensively considering the latest trends in use of tunnels in different other fields. The book has been revised to provide coverage of water conveyance, navigation and material conveyance tunnels also and deals with these subjects in more detail. It covers all aspects of investigation, design, construction, monitoring and maintenance of tunnels. Special emphasis has been laid on the geotechnical investigations, interpretation of findings and relating the same to the design as well as the construction of tunnels. The book reflects the advancements in the knowledge of ground behaviour and rock mechanics and also in construction technology, including use of TBM in the last two decades. It covers in sufficient detail the basic requirements of tunnel profile, the geometric parameters, clearance requirements, aerodynamics, and cost economics in fixing alignments with different design parameters like curvature, gradient and operational requirements. It discusses in detail alternative forms of the cross section / profile and illustrates design methodology with examples. The different methodologies that have been used in the past using timber or steel supports by stage wise expansion of cross sections and modern methodologies used for boring full profile using new tunneling methods and Tunnel Boring Machines are also comprehensively discussed. Requirements of tunnels in respect of ventilation, lighting and drainage are adequately covered. Separate chapters have been included on ‘Instrumentation’ and ‘Tunnel Inspection and Maintenance’. The expanded text on the use and advantages of methodologies and equipment for dealing with various aspects of construction of tunnels is based on observations through site visits, discussions with, and experiences of people as recorded on large number of tunneling works which have been taken up recently for railways, highways and urban transport subway projects. The book can serve as a textbook for undergraduate and graduate students and as a reference book for practicing engineers.
1986 1987 Biennial Report Of Fhwa Research Development And Technology Transfer
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1988
1986 1987 Biennial Report Of Fhwa Research Development And Technology Transfer written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with Highway research categories.
Fhwa Research Development And Technology Transfer Biennial Report 1986 1987
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1988
Fhwa Research Development And Technology Transfer Biennial Report 1986 1987 written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with categories.
Road Lighting
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Author : Wout van Bommel
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-11-21
Road Lighting written by Wout van Bommel and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-11-21 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book outlines the underlying principles on which modern road lighting is based, and provides the reader with knowledge of how these principles should be applied in practice. This book offers a completely fresh approach to the subject, reflecting how the technology of road lighting has progressed to keep up with the changes in lamp technology, especially in solid state light sources, and the increasing awareness of energy use and environmental issues. The book is divided into three parts. Part One describes lighting of open roads, with chapters discussing visual performance and comfort (including the effects of mesopic vision and age), and international standards and recommendations for road lighting. Lighting equipment is introduced; specifically lamps and luminaires in terms of their practical properties and features, but also the road surface and its characteristics. A chapter on Lighting Design makes the link between theory and practice, providing the reader with the knowledge needed for effective lighting design, including aspects relating to sustainability. The final chapter of Part One deals with lighting calculation conventions and measurements. Part Two is devoted to light pollution. The negative consequences of light pollution are described and tactics to restrict light pollution explained. Lighting criteria are defined that can be used by the lighting designer to guarantee installations stay within acceptable limits. International standards and recommendations on the restriction of light pollution are discussed. Part Three is devoted to tunnel lighting, with chapters discussing visual performance in tunnel environments, lighting criteria, standards and recommendations, and concluding with a chapter on tunnel lighting equipment and design. This book is a valuable resource for road lighting designers and engineers, students of lighting design and engineering, town planners, traffic engineers, environmental specialists, and lamp and luminaire developers and manufacturers.
Roadway Lighting Handbook
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Author : United States. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Traffic Operations
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1978
Roadway Lighting Handbook written by United States. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Traffic Operations and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with Roads categories.
Public Roads
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1985
Public Roads written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985 with Highway research categories.
Roadway Lighting Design Guide
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Author : American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
language : en
Publisher: American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials
Release Date : 2005
Roadway Lighting Design Guide written by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials and has been published by American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This guide replaces the 1984 publication entitled An Informational Guide for Roadway Lighting. It has been revised and brought up to date to reflect current practices in roadway lighting. The guide provides a general overview of lighting systems from the point of view of the transportation departments and recommends minimum levels of quality. The guide incorporates the illuminance and luminance design methods, but does not include the small target visibility (STV) method.