Ubiquitination And Rna Binding In The Host Antiviral Response To Alphaviruses
DOWNLOAD
Download Ubiquitination And Rna Binding In The Host Antiviral Response To Alphaviruses PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. Click Download or Read Online button to get Ubiquitination And Rna Binding In The Host Antiviral Response To Alphaviruses book now. This website allows unlimited access to, at the time of writing, more than 1.5 million titles, including hundreds of thousands of titles in various foreign languages. If the content not found or just blank you must refresh this page
Ubiquitination And Rna Binding In The Host Antiviral Response To Alphaviruses
DOWNLOAD
Author : Emily Yang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Ubiquitination And Rna Binding In The Host Antiviral Response To Alphaviruses written by Emily Yang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.
Humanity is plagued by myriad viruses, most of which have no vaccines nor antiviral therapeutics. In order to address this pressing need and stave off future viral pandemics, basic science is required to illuminate both virulence determinants and host defenses. Alphaviruses are arthropod-borne, positive-sense RNA viruses that can cause febrile rashes, debilitating arthritis, and encephalomyelitis, which can prove fatal. The acute phase of their infection is controlled by the type I interferon (IFN) response, wherein host detection of invading pathogens induces expression of IFN and subsequent IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) to establish an antiviral environment. In this dissertation, I present a study on the roles of ubiquitination and RNA binding in antiviral mechanisms utilized by two ISGs, the ubiquitin E3 ligase tripartite motif-containing protein 25 (TRIM25) and the RNA CpG sensor zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP), to restrict alphavirus translation. While both TRIM25 and ZAP are potent antiviral factors individually, whether through direct or indirect means of viral inhibition, attention has turned in recent years to their cooperative inhibition of varied viruses. Previous work done by our lab suggests that TRIM25-mediated ubiquitination is essential for ZAP inhibition of alphavirus translation, but the exact substrates that mediate this antiviral activity are unknown. Moreover, not only do both TRIM25 and ZAP bind RNA, but also RNA binding is critical to their cellular function. For TRIM25, RNA binding stimulates its ligase activity; for ZAP, RNA binding is required for its detection and inhibition of viral RNA. However, the requirement for ZAP and TRIM25 RNA binding in their synergistic inhibition of viral translation remains unknown. Here, we utilized a "substrate trapping" approach to elucidate TRIM25 ubiquitination substrates involved in diverse and antiviral cellular processes. We generated a point mutation in the TRIM25 RING catalytic domain that abolishes TRIM25 ligase activity and traps substrates, enabling us to identify and characterize bona fide TRIM25 substrates involved in translation and nucleic acid metabolism. Moreover, our results suggest that several of these substrates contribute to TRIM25 antiviral activity. Together, these findings lay the groundwork for understanding how TRIM25-mediated ubiquitination of diverse substrates may modulate translation, nucleic acid metabolism, and antiviral activity. We also characterized the effects of ZAP and TRIM25 RNA binding on inhibiting viral translation. We demonstrate that mutations affecting ZAP RNA binding to CpG motifs significantly impact its ability to restrict viral replication and translation, and that the ability of ZAP to bind viral RNA is significantly negatively correlated with its ability to associate with TRIM25. These results suggest that ZAP RNA binding and interaction with TRIM25 may form two distinct determinants for ZAP antiviral mechanisms dependent on the viral context. Finally, I conclude with our collaborative work in characterizing the ability of novel antifusion peptides induce positive Gaussian curvature, thus remodeling membranes and restricting alphavirus replication. The work presented in this dissertation represents a multifaceted examination of the multiple determinants of TRIM25 and ZAP antiviral activity against alphaviruses, and includes a forward-looking development of antiviral therapeutics
Molecular Virology
DOWNLOAD
Author : Susanne Modrow
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2013-09-18
Molecular Virology written by Susanne Modrow and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-09-18 with Science categories.
The book gives a comprehensive overview on the knowledge of virus infection relevant for humans and animals. For each virus family the molecular details of the virus particle and the viral replication cycle are described. In the case of virus types with relevance for human and/or animal health the data on molecular biology, genetics and virus-cell interaction are combined with those concerning, pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinics, prevention and therapy.
Recoding Expansion Of Decoding Rules Enriches Gene Expression
DOWNLOAD
Author : John F. Atkins
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-03-10
Recoding Expansion Of Decoding Rules Enriches Gene Expression written by John F. Atkins and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-03-10 with Science categories.
The literature on recoding is scattered, so this superb book ?lls a need by prov- ing up-to-date, comprehensive, authoritative reviews of the many kinds of recoding phenomena. Between 1961 and 1966 my colleagues and I deciphered the genetic code in Escherichia coli and showed that the genetic code is the same in E. coli, Xenopus laevis, and guinea pig tissues. These results showed that the code has been c- served during evolution and strongly suggested that the code appeared very early during biological evolution, that all forms of life on earth descended from a c- mon ancestor, and thus that all forms of life on this planet are related to one another. The problem of biological time was solved by encoding information in DNA and retrieving the information for each new generation, for it is easier to make a new organism than it is to repair an aging, malfunctioning one. Subsequently, small modi?cations of the standard genetic code were found in certain organisms and in mitochondria. Mitochondrial DNA only encodes about 10–13 proteins, so some modi?cations of the genetic code are tolerated that pr- ably would be lethal if applied to the thousands of kinds of proteins encoded by genomic DNA.
Medical Aspects Of Biological Warfare
DOWNLOAD
Author : Zygmunt F. Dembek
language : en
Publisher: U.S. Government Printing Office
Release Date : 2008-02
Medical Aspects Of Biological Warfare written by Zygmunt F. Dembek and has been published by U.S. Government Printing Office this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-02 with History categories.
NOTE: NO FURTHER DISCOUNT FOR THIS PRINT PRODUCT-- OVERSTOCK SALE -- Significantly reduced list price while supplies last Addresses weaponization of biological agents. Categorizes potential agents as food, waterborne, or agricultural toxins and discusses the respective epidemiology.
Rna Tagging
DOWNLOAD
Author : Manfred Heinlein
language : en
Publisher: Humana
Release Date : 2021-08-08
Rna Tagging written by Manfred Heinlein and has been published by Humana this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-08-08 with Science categories.
This book provides a compendium of state-of-the-art methods for the labeling, detection, and purification of RNA and RNA-protein complexes and thereby constitutes an important toolbox for researchers interested in understanding the complex roles of RNA molecules in development, signaling, and disease. Beginning with a section on in situ detection of RNA molecules using FISH techniques, the volume continues with parts exploring in vivo imaging of RNA transport and localization, imaging and analysis of RNA uptake and transport between cells, identification and analysis of RNA-binding proteins, guide RNAs in genome editing, as well as other specific analytical techniques. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, RNA Tagging: Methods and Protocols serves as a vital reference for researchers looking to further the increasingly important research in RNA biology.
Membrane Biogenesis
DOWNLOAD
Author : Jos A.F. Op den Kamp
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29
Membrane Biogenesis written by Jos A.F. Op den Kamp and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Science categories.
Many individual aspects of the dynamics and assembly of biological membranes have been studied in great detail. Cell biological approaches, advanced genetics, biophysics and biochemistry have greatly contributed to an increase in our knowledge in this field.lt is obvious however, that the three major membrane constituents - lipids, proteins and carbohydrates- are studied, in most cases separately and that a coherent overview of the various aspects of membrane biogenesis is not readily available. The NATO Advanced Study Institute on "New Perspectives in the Dynamics of Assembly of Biomembranes" intended to provide such an overview: it was set up to teach students and specialists the achievements obtained in the various research areas and to try and integrate the numerous aspects of membrane assembly into a coherent framework. The articles in here reflect this. Statting with detailed contributions on phospholipid structure, dynamics, organization and biogenesis, an up to date overview of the basic, lipidic backbone of biomembranes is given. Extensive progress is made in the research on membrane protein biosynthesis. In particular the post- and co-translational modification processes of proteins, the mechanisms of protein translocation and the sorting mechanisms which are necessary to direct proteins to their final, intra - or extracellular destination have been characterized in detail. Modern genetic approaches were indispensable in this research area: gene cloning, hybrid protein construction, site directed mutagenesis and sequencing techniques elucidated many functional aspects of specific nucleic acid and amino acid sequences.
New Drug Development For Known And Emerging Viruses
DOWNLOAD
Author : Helga Rübsamen-Schaeff
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2021-11-30
New Drug Development For Known And Emerging Viruses written by Helga Rübsamen-Schaeff and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-11-30 with Medical categories.
Discusses how to fight Ebola, SARS Corona, and other known or emerging human viruses by building on the successes in antiviral therapy of the past decades Written by leading medicinal chemists from academia and industry, this book discusses the entire field of antiviral drug discovery and development from a medicinal chemistry perspective, focusing on antiviral drugs, targets, and viral disease mechanisms. It provides an outlook on emerging pathogens such as Ebola, Zika, West Nile, Lassa, and includes a chapter on SARS Coronoavirus-2 causing the present pandemic. New Drug Development for Known and Emerging Viruses describes the discovery and development process for antiviral agents for different classes of viruses and targets based on the experiences from the nine human viruses for which approved drugs are on the market (HIV, HCV, Influenza, RSV, HBV, HPV, HCMV, HSV, and VZV). It covers the properties and potential of 20 classes of currently approved antivirals, including combination drugs, and looks at novel antiviral strategies against emerging viruses. Covers the entire field of antiviral drug discovery and development Addresses the need for antiviral drugs to combat major health threats such as Ebola, Zika, West Nile, and SARS Coronavirus-2 Summarizes the successes of the past 15 years in developing ground-breaking medicines against 9 major human viruses, both from the medicinal chemistry and the pharmacological angle Discusses practical and strategic challenges in the drug discovery and development process, including screening technologies, latency, and toxicity issues New Developments in Antiviral Drugs is an important book for medicinal chemists, pharmaceutical chemists, virologists, and epidemiologists, and will be of great interest to those in the ;pharmaceutical industry and public health agencies.
The Togaviridae And Flaviviridae
DOWNLOAD
Author : Sondra Schlesinger
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-09
The Togaviridae And Flaviviridae written by Sondra Schlesinger and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-09 with Medical categories.
The publication of this volume of The Viruses entitled The Togaviridae and Flaviviridae comes at an appropriate time. The structure and rep lication strategies of these viruses are now known to be sufficiently di verse to warrant the removal of flaviviruses from the Togaviridae family and establish them as an independent family. Flaviviridae have a special place in the history of virology. The prototype virus-yellow fever virus was the first virus to be identified as the cause of a human disease. Some of the history of this discovery is described in Chapter 1 of this volume; in Chapter 10 the complete sequence of the RNA genome of the virus is presented. This sequence not only defines the primary structure of the viral proteins, it also clarifies the mechanism of translation of the fla vivirus genome. Knowledge of the sequence of the structural proteins of these viruses represents an important step in the potential goal of using purified flavivirus glycoproteins as vaccines. Many of the chapters in this volume focus on the structure and replication of the Togaviridae. These viruses have provided valuable models for studies in cell biology, partic ularly with regard to the cotranslational and posttranslational steps re quired for the synthesis and localization of membrane glycoproteins. Fur thermore, Togaviridae have been pivotal in our growing understanding of how enveloped viruses enter and exit from cells. The broad outlines of the structure and gene expression of Togavir idae and Flaviviridae are known, but important questions remain.
Flexible Viruses
DOWNLOAD
Author : Vladimir Uversky
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2012-02-07
Flexible Viruses written by Vladimir Uversky and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-02-07 with Science categories.
This book provides up-to-date information on experimental and computational characterization of the structural and functional properties of viral proteins, which are widely involved in regulatory and signaling processes. With chapters by leading research groups, it features current information on the structural and functional roles of intrinsic disorders in viral proteomes. It systematically addresses the measles, HIV, influenza, potato virus, forest virus, bovine virus, hepatitis, and rotavirus as well as viral genomics. After analyzing the unique features of each class of viral proteins, future directions for research and disease management are presented.
Human Viruses Diseases Treatments And Vaccines
DOWNLOAD
Author : Shamim I. Ahmad
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-05-19
Human Viruses Diseases Treatments And Vaccines written by Shamim I. Ahmad and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-05-19 with Medical categories.
This book discusses current evidence on human viruses and provides an extensive coverage of newly emerged viruses and current strategies for treatment. Offering a new perspective in view of the re-emergence of Ebola in African countries and Dengue in India and Pakistan, the contents include chapters on emergence, pathogenicity, epidemiology and vaccine uptake. Human Viruses: Diseases, Treatments and Vaccines: The New Insights discusses a range of viruses from the most common such as Influenza and Hepatitis to Zika, Poliomyelitis and Chikungunya among many others. It is authored by a team of experts on viral disease and will be of immense use to virologists, public health experts and clinicians.