Understanding Counterfactuals Understanding Causation
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Understanding Counterfactuals Understanding Causation
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Author : Christoph Hoerl
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2011-11-03
Understanding Counterfactuals Understanding Causation written by Christoph Hoerl and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-11-03 with Philosophy categories.
Twelve essays explore what bearing empirical findings might have on philosophical concerns about counterfactuals and causation, and how, in turn, work in philosophy might help clarify issues in empirical work on the relationships between causal and counterfactual thought.
Causation And Counterfactuals
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Author : John David Collins
language : en
Publisher: Bradford Books
Release Date : 2004
Causation And Counterfactuals written by John David Collins and has been published by Bradford Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Philosophy categories.
A collection of important recent work on thecounterfactual analysis of causation.
Making Things Happen
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Author : James Woodward
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2003
Making Things Happen written by James Woodward and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Causation categories.
In doing so, he shows how the manipulationist account both illuminates important features of successful causal explanation in the natural and social sciences and avoids the counterexamples and difficulties that infect alternative approaches, from the deductive-nomological model onward."--BOOK JACKET.
Interpretable Machine Learning
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Author : Christoph Molnar
language : en
Publisher: Lulu.com
Release Date : 2020
Interpretable Machine Learning written by Christoph Molnar and has been published by Lulu.com this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Computers categories.
This book is about making machine learning models and their decisions interpretable. After exploring the concepts of interpretability, you will learn about simple, interpretable models such as decision trees, decision rules and linear regression. Later chapters focus on general model-agnostic methods for interpreting black box models like feature importance and accumulated local effects and explaining individual predictions with Shapley values and LIME. All interpretation methods are explained in depth and discussed critically. How do they work under the hood? What are their strengths and weaknesses? How can their outputs be interpreted? This book will enable you to select and correctly apply the interpretation method that is most suitable for your machine learning project.
The Ethics Of Self Defense
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Author : Christian Coons
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2016
The Ethics Of Self Defense written by Christian Coons and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Philosophy categories.
The fifteen new essays collected in this volume address questions concerning the ethics of self-defense, most centrally when and to what extent the use of defensive force, especially lethal force, can be justified. Scholarly interest in this topic reflects public concern stemming from controversial cases of the use of force by police, and military force exercised in the name of defending against transnational terrorism. The contributors pay special attention to determining when a threat is liable to defensive harm, though doubts about this emphasis are also raised. The legitimacy of so-called "stand your ground" policies and laws is also addressed. This volume will be of great interest to readers in moral, political, and legal philosophy.
Causality
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Author : Phyllis Illari
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2014-10-02
Causality written by Phyllis Illari and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-02 with Mathematics categories.
Head hits cause brain damage - but not always. Should we ban sport to protect athletes? Exposure to electromagnetic fields is strongly associated with cancer development - does that mean exposure causes cancer? Should we encourage old fashioned communication instead of mobile phones to reduce cancer rates? According to popular wisdom, the Mediterranean diet keeps you healthy. Is this belief scientifically sound? Should public health bodies encourage consumption of fresh fruit and vegetables? Severe financial constraints on research and public policy, media pressure, and public anxiety make such questions of immense current concern not just to philosophers but to scientists, governments, public bodies, and the general public. In the last decade there has been an explosion of theorizing about causality in philosophy, and also in the sciences. This literature is both fascinating and important, but it is involved and highly technical. This makes it inaccessible to many who would like to use it, philosophers and scientists alike. This book is an introduction to philosophy of causality - one that is highly accessible: to scientists unacquainted with philosophy, to philosophers unacquainted with science, and to anyone else lost in the labyrinth of philosophical theories of causality. It presents key philosophical accounts, concepts and methods, using examples from the sciences to show how to apply philosophical debates to scientific problems.
The Oxford Handbook Of Causal Reasoning
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Author : Michael Waldmann
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2017
The Oxford Handbook Of Causal Reasoning written by Michael Waldmann and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Philosophy categories.
The Oxford Handbook of Causal Reasoning offers a state-of-the-art review of one of our most central cognitive competencies, which has for a long time been neglected in cognitive psychology. This Handbook provides introductions of competing theories of causal reasoning, and discusses its role in various cognitive functions and domains.
Causal Overdetermination And Contextualism
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Author : Esteban Céspedes
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-06-02
Causal Overdetermination And Contextualism written by Esteban Céspedes and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-02 with Philosophy categories.
This work explains how different theories of causation confront causal overdetermination. Chapters clarify the problem of overdetermination and explore its fundamental aspects. It is argued that a theory of causation can account for our intuitions in overdetermination cases only by accepting that the adequacy of our claims about causation depends on the context in which they are evaluated.The author proposes arguments for causal contextualism and provides insight which is valuable for resolution of the problem. These chapters enable readers to quickly absorb different perspectives on overdetermination and important theories of causation, therefore it is a work that will have a broad appeal.
Mitigation In The Law Of Damages
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Author : Andy Summers
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2024-10-18
Mitigation In The Law Of Damages written by Andy Summers and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-10-18 with Law categories.
The law of mitigation determines how a claimant's own response to a breach affects the damages they can recover. It responds to the basic accusation: 'although I did wrong, you made things worse'. Mitigation applies to all claims for compensation, regardless of the claimant's cause of action and irrespective of the defendant's level of fault. It is amongst the most litigated doctrines in private law and has significant implications for general theories of damages, and yet has received relatively little scholarly attention to date. Mitigation in the Law of Damages provides the first comprehensive theoretical and doctrinal treatment of this important area of the law in any common law jurisdiction. It argues that contrary to the leading texts on damages, judges have been right all along to explain mitigation as an aspect of causation. But to see why, we must look beyond the 'but-for' concept of causation and understand the 'common-sense' causal principles used to attribute responsibility outside the law. This approach reveals a new understanding of the rules of mitigation and their relation to other doctrines. The implications are wide-ranging. First, mitigation applies symmetrically to benefits as well as harms, and encompasses a variety of damages doctrines that have previously been regarded as distinct. Second, the new account of mitigation advances our understanding of the legal concepts of causation, choice, and loss, and calls for a re-evaluation of existing theories of damages. Third, the book revives and develops arguments from Hart and Honoré's ground-breaking work 'Causation in the Law', with implications for every area of law where causal reasoning is invoked. Original and thought-provoking, Mitigation in the Law of Damages restates and explains the law of mitigation in a way that is accessible to both academics and practitioners.
Causation With A Human Face
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Author : James Woodward
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2021
Causation With A Human Face written by James Woodward and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with Computers categories.
The past few decades have seen an explosion of research on causal reasoning in philosophy, computer science, and statistics, as well as descriptive research in psychology about how people reason about causes. Causation with a Human Face integrates these lines of research and argues for an understanding of how each can inform the other: normative ideas can suggest interesting experiments, while descriptive results can suggest important normative concepts. Woodward's overall framework builds on an interventionist treatment of causation, and discusses proposals about the role of invariant or stable relationships in successful causal reasoning and the notion of proportionality. He argues that these normative ideas are reflected in the causal judgments that people actually make as a descriptive matter.