Uniting Electron Crystallography And Powder Diffraction
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Uniting Electron Crystallography And Powder Diffraction
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Author : Ute Kolb
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2012-12-20
Uniting Electron Crystallography And Powder Diffraction written by Ute Kolb and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-20 with Science categories.
The polycrystalline and nanocrystalline states play an increasingly important role in exploiting the properties of materials, encompassing applications as diverse as pharmaceuticals, catalysts, solar cells and energy storage. A knowledge of the three-dimensional atomic and molecular structure of materials is essential for understanding and controlling their properties, yet traditional single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods lose their power when only polycrystalline and nanocrystalline samples are available. It is here that powder diffraction and single-crystal electron diffraction techniques take over, substantially extending the range of applicability of the crystallographic principles of structure determination. This volume, a collection of teaching contributions presented at the Crystallographic Course in Erice in 2011, clearly describes the fundamentals and the state-of-the-art of powder diffraction and electron diffraction methods in materials characterisation, encompassing a diverse range of disciplines and materials stretching from archeometry to zeolites. As such, it is a comprehensive and valuable resource for those wishing to gain an understanding of the broad applicability of these two rapidly developing fields.
Electron Crystallography
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Author : Xiaodong Zou
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2011-08-18
Electron Crystallography written by Xiaodong Zou and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-08-18 with Science categories.
In the modern world of ever smaller devices and nanotechnology, electron crystallography emerges as the most important method capable of determining the structure of minute objects down to the size of individual atoms. Crystals of only a few millionths of a millimetre are studied. This is the first textbook explaining how this is done. Great attention is given to symmetry in crystals and how it manifests itself in electron microscopy and electron diffraction, and how this symmetry can be determined and taken advantage of in achieving improved electron microscopy images and solving crystal structures from electron diffraction patterns. Theory and practice are combined; experimental images, diffraction patterns, formulae and numerical data are discussed in parallel, giving the reader a complete understanding of what goes on inside the "black boxes" of computer programs. This up-to-date textbook contains the newest techniques in electron crystallography, including detailed descriptions and explanations of the recent remarkable successes in determining the very complex structures of zeolites and intermetallics. The controversial issue of whether there is phase information present in electron micrsocopy images or not is also resolved once and for all. The extensive appendices include computer labs which have been used at various courses at Stockholm University and international schools in electron crystallography, with applications to the textbook. Students can download image processing programs and follow these lab instructions to get a hands-on experience of electron crystallography.
Principles Of Electron Optics Volume 4
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Author : Peter W. Hawkes
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2022-05-10
Principles Of Electron Optics Volume 4 written by Peter W. Hawkes and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-05-10 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Principles of Electron Optics: Second Edition, Advanced Wave Optics provides a self-contained, modern account of electron optical phenomena with the Dirac or Schrödinger equation as a starting point. Knowledge of this branch of the subject is essential to understanding electron propagation in electron microscopes, electron holography and coherence. Sections in this new release include, Electron Interactions in Thin Specimens, Digital Image Processing, Acquisition, Sampling and Coding, Enhancement, Linear Restoration, Nonlinear Restoration – the Phase Problem, Three-dimensional Reconstruction, Image Analysis, Instrument Control, Vortex Beams, The Quantum Electron Microscope, and much more. - Includes authoritative coverage of many recent developments in wave electron optics - Describes the interaction of electrons with solids and the information that can be obtained from electron-beam techniques - Includes new content on multislice optics, 3D reconstruction, Wigner optics, vortex beams and the quantum electron microscope
Fundamentals Of Crystallography Powder X Ray Diffraction And Transmission Electron Microscopy For Materials Scientists
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Author : Dong ZhiLi
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2022-05-23
Fundamentals Of Crystallography Powder X Ray Diffraction And Transmission Electron Microscopy For Materials Scientists written by Dong ZhiLi and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-05-23 with Science categories.
The structure–property relationship is a key topic in materials science and engineering. To understand why a material displays certain behaviors, the first step is to resolve its crystal structure and reveal its structure characteristics. Fundamentals of Crystallography, Powder X-ray Diffraction, and Transmission Electron Microscopy for Materials Scientists equips readers with an in-depth understanding of using powder x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy for the analysis of crystal structures. Introduces fundamentals of crystallography Covers XRD of materials, including geometry and intensity of diffracted x-ray beams and experimental methods Describes TEM of materials and includes atomic scattering factors, electron diffraction, and diffraction and phase contrasts Discusses applications of HRTEM in materials research Explains concepts used in XRD and TEM lab training Based on the author’s course lecture notes, this text guides materials science and engineering students with minimal reliance on advanced mathematics. It will also appeal to a broad spectrum of readers, including researchers and professionals working in the disciplines of materials science and engineering, applied physics, and chemical engineering.
Characterization Of Minerals Metals And Materials 2016
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Author : Shadia Ikhmayies
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2016-02-04
Characterization Of Minerals Metals And Materials 2016 written by Shadia Ikhmayies and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-02-04 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Characterization is an important and fundamental step in material research before and after processing. This bookfocuses on the characterization of minerals, metals, and materials as well as the application of characterization results on the processing of these materials. It is a highly authoritative collection of articles written by experts from around the world. The articles center on materials characterization, extraction, processing, corrosion, welding, solidification, and method development. In addition, articles focus on clays, ceramics, composites, ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, minerals, electronic, magnetic, environmental, advanced and soft materials. This book will serve the dual purpose of furnishing a broad introduction of the field to novices while simultaneously serving to keep subject matter experts up-to-date.
Structure Determination From Powder Diffraction Data
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Author : William I. F. David
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2002
Structure Determination From Powder Diffraction Data written by William I. F. David and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Business & Economics categories.
Our understanding of the properties of materials, from drugs and proteins to catalysts and ceramics, is almost always based on structural information. This book describes the new developments in the realm of powder diffraction which make it possible for scientists to obtain such information even from polycrystalline materials. Written and edited by experts active in the field, and covering both the fundamental and applied aspects of structure solution from powder diffraction data, this book guides both novices and experienced practitioners alike through the maze of possibilities.
Modern Nmr Crystallography
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Author : David L Bryce
language : en
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
Release Date : 2025-03-31
Modern Nmr Crystallography written by David L Bryce and has been published by Royal Society of Chemistry this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-03-31 with Science categories.
NMR crystallography has blossomed as a focussed field of research in recent years and is now acknowledged as such by the International Union of Crystallography. The term ‘NMR crystallography’ itself has proven to be inclusive of many NMR-centric approaches which seek to solve or refine crystal structures. Since the publication of a seminal book over ten years ago, there have been numerous advances in experimental methodology, in computational tools, and in the fruitful combination of these to provide new insights into structure and dynamics in a range of solid materials. This book presents insightful contributions describing these advances as well as a broad range of cutting-edge applications to small molecules, pharmaceuticals, biomolecules, energy materials, and more. It highlights the complementarity of NMR, diffraction, and computational approaches and presents several examples where complete structure solutions are only possible via this synergy. Striking a balance between appealing to NMR experts and those outside the field, it will appeal to practitioners of diffraction-based crystallography and computational and theoretical chemists.
Electron Crystallography
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Author : D. Dorset
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-04-17
Electron Crystallography written by D. Dorset and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-17 with Science categories.
The re-emergent field of quantitative electron crystallography is described by some of its most eminent practitioners. They describe the theoretical framework for electron scattering, specimen preparation, experimental techniques for optimum data collection, the methodology of structure analysis and refinement, and a range of applications to inorganic materials (including minerals), linear polymers, small organic molecules (including those used in nonlinear optical devices), incommensurately modulated structures (including superconductors), alloys, and integral membrane proteins. The connection between electron crystallography and X-ray crystallography is clearly defined, especially in the utilisation of the latest methods for direct determination of crystallographic phases, as well as the unique role of image analysis of high-resolution electron micrographs for phase determination. Even the aspect of multiple beam dynamic diffraction (once dreaded because it was thought to preclude ab initio analysis) is considered as a beneficial aid for symmetry determination as well as the elucidation of crystallographic phases, and as a criterion for monitoring the progress of structure refinement. Whereas other texts have hitherto preferentially dealt with the analysis of electron diffraction and image data from thin organic materials, this work discusses - with considerable optimism - the prospects of looking at `harder' materials, composed of heavier atoms. Audience: Could be used with profit as a graduate-level course on electron crystallography. Researchers in the area will find a statement of current progress in the field.
International Tables For Crystallography Volume H
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Author : Christopher J. Gilmore
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2019-09-16
International Tables For Crystallography Volume H written by Christopher J. Gilmore and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-09-16 with Science categories.
Die Pulverdiffraktion ist in der Kristallographie die am weitesten verbreitete Methode. Die Anwendungen umfassen sämtliche Bereiche der Strukturwissenschaften. Dieser neue Band aus der Reihe International Tables deckt alle Aspekte des Verfahrens in über 50 Kapiteln ab. Autoren sind Experten des Fachgebiets. Dieser Band umfasst sieben Teile mit folgenden Inhalten: - Überblick über die Prinzipien der Pulverdiffraktion. - Erläuterung der bei der Pulverdiffraktion eingesetzten Strahlungsquellen, Instrumente und Ausrüstung, Einsatz unterschiedlicher Probenumgebungen und Methoden der Probenvorbereitung. - Information zu Methoden, einschließlich Datenverarbeitung, Indexierung und Reduktion, Whole-Pattern-Modellierung und quantitative Analyse sowie Überblick über die relevanten Datenbanken der Kristallographie. - Fokus auf Strukturbestimmung (einschließlich Methoden im realen und reziproken Raum sowie Methode der maximalen Entropie), Strukturverfeinerung und Strukturvalidierung. - Erläuterung von Defekten, Textur, Mikrostruktur und Fasern, einschließlich Belastung und Beanspruchung, Domänengröße und Dünnfilm. - Untersuchung der für die Pulverdiffraktion verfügbaren Software. - Beschreibung der Anwendungsmöglichkeiten in vielen wichtigen Bereichen (Industrie und Wissenschaften), einschließlich Makromoleküle, Mineralien, Keramik, Zement, Polymere, Forensik, Archäologie und Pharmazeutika sowie Erklärung von Theorie und Anwendungen. Band H ist das wichtigste Referenzwerk für alle, die im Bereich Pulverdiffraktion tätig sind, ob Anfänger und erfahrener Praktiker, wurde für die Praxis entwickelt, ohne Sorgfalt und Genauigkeit zu vernachlässigen. Die Methode der Pulverdiffraktion wird anhand vieler Beispiele ausführlich behandelt. Die Beispieldaten stehen teilweise als Download zur Verfügung.
Atomic Pair Distribution Function Analysis
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Author : S. J. L. Billinge
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2023
Atomic Pair Distribution Function Analysis written by S. J. L. Billinge and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with Science categories.
"This book presents hands-on worked problems and solutions for modelling the structure of nanomaterials and disorder in crystals. It supplies atomic pair distribution function (PDF) data and takes the reader step by step through the process of analysing the data to understand details of the local atomic or magnetic structure. It has worked examples using the programs PDFgui and diffpy-cmi. The chapters progress systematically from simple to more complicated examples allowing the reader to build confidence and indepence. The book covers tips and tricks for obtaining good PDFs from raw x-ray and electron diffraction data. It goes through the process of getting started with the PDFgui and diffpy-cmi programs. It then takes real examples from the published literature and shows how scientific questions were answered by the modelling. The scientific examples covered include fitting local structure of complex crystals, fitting multi-phase samples, r-dependent fitting to explore local symmetry breaking, understanding structural phase transitions by modelling temperature-dependent datasets, modelling nanoparticle structures using attenuated average structure models and discrete cluster models, modelling data from polycrystalline thin film samples, intercolated metal organic framework compounds, and carrying out a magnetic PDF structure refinement"--