Universals
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Universals
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Author : James Porter Moreland
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-12-18
Universals written by James Porter Moreland and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-12-18 with Philosophy categories.
Things are particulars and their qualities are universals, but do universals have an existence distinct from the particular things describable by those terms? And what must be their nature if they do? This book provides a careful and assured survey of the central issues of debate surrounding universals, in particular those issues that have been a crucial part of the emergence of contemporary analytic ontology. The book begins with a taxonomy of extreme nominalist, moderate nominalist, and realist positions on properties, and outlines the way each handles the phenomena of predication, resemblance, and abstract reference. The debate about properties and philosophical naturalism is also examined. Different forms of extreme nominalism, moderate nominalism, and minimalist realism are critiqued. Later chapters defend a traditional realist view of universals and examine the objections to realism from various infinite regresses, the difficulties in stating identity conditions for properties, and problems with realist accounts of knowledge of abstract objects. In addition, the debate between Platonists and Aristotelians is examined alongside a discussion of the relationship between properties and an adequate theory of existence. The book's final chapter explores the problem of individuating particulars. The book makes accessible a difficult topic without blunting the sophistication of argument required by a more advanced readership.
Cultural Connections
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Author : Morris J. Vogel
language : en
Publisher: Temple University Press
Release Date : 1991
Cultural Connections written by Morris J. Vogel and has been published by Temple University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Architecture categories.
Illustrates the history, civilization, and social conditions of the United States via artifacts, paintings, and other objects from the collections of cultural institutions in Philadelphia and environs.
Universals Concepts And Qualities
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Author : P. F. Strawson
language : en
Publisher: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
Release Date : 2006
Universals Concepts And Qualities written by P. F. Strawson and has been published by Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Philosophy categories.
Are there universal properties grounding our sense of resemblance or qualitative identity among a number of distinct things or events which appear to form a class, a type or a kind of some other sort? Do universals such as humanness, triangularity, or being an Oak exist? Is being a laptop computer a universal, which has only recently come into existence? Do predicate expressions, adjectives or abstract nouns refer to objective properties or cognitive contents called concepts? The problem of universals has been at the centre of ancient, medieval, Western, and Indian metaphysics. After the logico-linguistic turn in philosophy, this problem re-surfaced in the discourse on the meaning of predicate expressions on the one hand and in the theories of concepts on the other.
Language Universals And Linguistic Typology
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Author : Bernard Comrie
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 1989-07-15
Language Universals And Linguistic Typology written by Bernard Comrie and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989-07-15 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Here, Comrie (linguistics, U. of Southern Cal.) is particularly concerned with syntactico-semantic universals, devoting chapters to word order, case marking, relative clauses, and causative constructions. This second edition takes full account of new research into generative grammatical theory. Acidic paper. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Defining Language Universals
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Author : Bianca Stärk
language : de
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2006-11-20
Defining Language Universals written by Bianca Stärk and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-11-20 with Literary Collections categories.
Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2004 im Fachbereich Anglistik - Linguistik, Note: 2,8, Universität zu Köln (Anglistisches Institut), Veranstaltung: Morphosyntax English - German, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Language is something uniquely human. Bertrand Russell stated in 1948 that “A dog cannot relate his autobiography; however eloquently he may bark, he cannot tell you that his parents were honest though poor” (Whaley 1997: 4). Language ist not only unique to humans and diverse but there are also commonalities between languages. About five thousand languages are spoken in the world today but there still is a basic unity that undelies their diversities. Many of the world’s languages show similar principles. An example of such a similaritiy is word order. In some languages such as English, French and Italian the word order is subject, verb and object. This is the so called SOV order. Besides similarities like this, there also exist features between some languages, which are common to all human languages in the world and are called language universals. These language universals classify entire languages into categories which are then based on shared properties. Language universals are examined within the field of typology. Typology has the task of examining cross-linguistic patterns. This means that “all typological research is based on comparisons between languages” (Whaley 1997: 7). Through comparing different languages with each other, one necessarily comes into contact with universals, which hold true for a group of languages or even for all languages. This is how language universals are placed within the field of typology.
Universals Of Language Today
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Author : Sergio Scalise
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-10-11
Universals Of Language Today written by Sergio Scalise and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-10-11 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This book collects the contributions presented at the international congress held at the University of Bologna in January 2007, where leading scholars of different persuasions and interests offered an up-to-date overview of the current status of the research on linguistic universals. The papers that make up the volume deal with both theoretical and empirical issues, and range over various domains, covering not only morphology and syntax, which were the major focus of Greenberg’s seminal work, but also phonology and semantics, as well as diachrony and second language acquisition. Diverse perspectives illustrate and discuss a huge number of phenomena from a wide variety of languages, not only exploring the way research on universals - tersects with different subareas of linguistics, but also contributing to the ongoing debate between functional and formal approaches to explaining the universals of language. This stimulating reading for scientists, researchers and postgraduate students in linguistics shows how different, but not irreconcilable, modes of explanation can complement each other, both offering fresh insights into the investigation of unity and diversity in languages, and pointing to exciting areas for future research. • A fresh and up-to-date survey of the present state of research on Universals of Language in an international context, with original contributions from leading specialists in the eld. • First-hand accounts of substantive ndings and theoretical observations in diff- ent subareas of linguistics. • Huge number of linguistic phenomena and data from diffferent languages a- lyzed and discussed in detail.
De Universalibus
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Author : John Wycliffe
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 1985
De Universalibus written by John Wycliffe and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Semantic And Lexical Universals
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Author : Cliff Goddard
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Release Date : 1994-01-01
Semantic And Lexical Universals written by Cliff Goddard and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-01-01 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This set of papers represents a unique collection; it is the first attempt ever to empirically test a hypothetical set of semantic and lexical universals across a number of genetically and typologically diverse languages. In fact the word 'collection' is not fully appropriate in this case, since the papers report research undertaken specifically for the present volume, and shaped by the same guidelines. They constitute parallel and strictly comparable answers to the same set of questions, coordinated effort with a common aim, and a common methodology.The goal of identifying the universal human concepts found in all languages, is of fundamental importance, both from a theoretical and a practical point of view, since these concepts provide the basis of the psychic unity of mankind, underlying the clearly visible diversity of human cultures. They also allow us to better understand that diversity itself, because they provide a common measure, without which no precise and meaningful comparisons are possible at all. A set of truly universal (or even near-universal) concepts can provide us with an invaluable tool for interpreting, and explaining all the culture-specific meanings encoded in the language-and-culture systems of the world. It can also provide us with a tool for explaining meanings across cultures in education, business, trade, international relations, and so on.The book contains 13 chapters on individual languages including Japanese (by Masayuki Onishi), Chinese (by Hilary Chappel), Thai (by Anthony Diller), Ewe (Africa, by Felix Ameka), Miskitu languages of South America (by Kenneth Hall), Australian Aboriginal languages Aranda, Yankunytjatjara and Kayardild (by Jean Harkins & David Wilkins, Cliff Goddard, and Nicholas Evans), the Austronesian languages Samoan, Longgu, Acehnese and Mangap-Mbula (by Ulrike Mosel, Deborah Hill, Mark Durie and Robert Bugenhagen), the Papuan language Kalam (by Andrew Pawley), and, last but not least French (by Bert Peters).In addition to the chapters on individual languages the book includes three theoretical chapters; Semantic theory and semantic universals (by Goddard), Introducing lexical primitives (by Goddard and Wierzbicka), and Semantic primitives across languages: a critical review (by Wierzbicka).
Substances And Universals In Aristotle S Metaphysics
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Author : Theodore Scaltsas
language : en
Publisher: Cornell University Press
Release Date : 2010
Substances And Universals In Aristotle S Metaphysics written by Theodore Scaltsas and has been published by Cornell University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Substance (Philosophy) categories.
In this book, Theodore Scaltsas brings the insights of contemporary philosophy to bear on a classic problem in metaphysics that stems from Aristotle's theory of substance. Scaltsas provides an analysis of the enigmatic notions of potentiality and actuality, which he uses to explain Aristotle's substantial holism by showing how the concrete and the abstract parts of a substance form a dynamic, diachronic whole.
Universals
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Author : Farhang Zabeeh
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Universals written by Farhang Zabeeh and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Philosophy categories.
The primary purpose of this book is to depict the main features of the classical problem of universals in order to provide a better understand ing of the various suggestions made by the moderns towards the solution of that problem. The work is not historical; however, since knowledge of the history of the problem is essential for understanding the import of the new approach, references are given to classical theories and interpretations are offered without any pretension that they are either exhaustive or final. I have tried to argue that the problem, though often appearing in metaphysical guise, is, in fact, part of the more general problem of semantics, i.e., the relation between words and the world. The medieval theory that universals are the meaning of general words is linked here with a recent theory that the meaning of a word is explainable in terms of its function and not in terms of its putative denotation. What comes of this fusion is this: that if the medieval theory that universals are the meaning of general words is in any way credible, then to know the meaning of such words requires close attention to their functions on the ground that words in general do not mirror the world, rather they are tools used to change it.