Use Of Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal For Treating Nutrient Deficient Wastewater
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Use Of Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal For Treating Nutrient Deficient Wastewater
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Author : W. F. Harper Jr
language : en
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Release Date : 2004-01-01
Use Of Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal For Treating Nutrient Deficient Wastewater written by W. F. Harper Jr and has been published by IWA Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-01-01 with Science categories.
Anaerobic/aerobic (AnA) and completely aerobic (CA) laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors operating on an acetate- and casamino acids-based synthetic wastewater were used to investigate the suitability of the AnA process for treating nutrient?deficient wastewaters in plants that have stringent effluent nutrient requirements. Of particular interest is the case where phosphorus (P)-deficient wastewaters with highly variable influent COD loading are being treated to meet both effluent TSS and P limits. At a 4 d mean cell residence time, AnA activated sludge had an approx. 20% lower P requirement than CA activated sludge. The difference between the end-of-aerobic cycle polyhydroxyalkanoate and carbohydrate contents of the sludges indicated that the AnAsludge used more influent carbon than the CA sludge for synthesis of non-P-containing storage products. The nitrogen requirements of AnA sludge were similar to those of the CA sludge. The AnA and CA SBRs were subjected to three different transient influent COD loading patterns that simulated (#1) daily COD Loading fluctuations, (#2) low weekend COD loading, and (#3) extended low COD loading periods. During the Loading Pattern #1 experiment, the average effluent soluble P concentrations for the AnA and CA SBRs were 0.4 and 1.0 mgP/L respectively, and complete removal of influent acetate was observed. During the Loading Pattern #2 experiment, the average effluent soluble P concentrations for the AnA and CA SBRs were 0.3 and 0.9 mgP/L respectively, but effluent acetate was detected during the first high COD loading cycle following the low weekend COD loading period. During the Loading Pattern #3 experiment, the VSS content of both reactors dropped sharply, effluent acetate breakthrough occurred, and effluent P concentrations exceeding 1 mgP/L were detected in both the AnA and CA SBRs. Based on these findings, the AnA process has potential as a technologically and economically superior alternative for wastewater treatment plants treating P-deficient wastewasters to meet stringent effluent TSS and P limits. This publication can also be purchased and downloaded via Pay Per View on Water Intelligence Online - click on the Pay Per View icon below
Phosphorus Recovery From Waste Activated Sludge Was In Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal Ebpr Processes
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Author : Yuqi Wang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Phosphorus Recovery From Waste Activated Sludge Was In Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal Ebpr Processes written by Yuqi Wang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Phosphorus categories.
Phosphorus is an essential element for every living organism, but when it exceeds certain limit in water bodies, it will cause serious environmental issues, such as eutrophication. P accumulation in water bodies can be caused by non-point sources, such as agriculture land runoff, as well as from point sources such as wastewater effluent discharges. In order to avoid eutrophication of water bodies the regulatory agency have traditionally pushed for the removal of phosphorus at wastewater treatment plants rather than regulating the non-point sources; this has been done imposing strict limits on wastewater effluents to natural watershed. At the same time, phosphorus stock on the earth is a limited resource, and its quantity is decreasing steadily, due to its use in the fertilizers production. In order to support the population growth on the earth, phosphorus recovery, especially from wastewater streams has to be considered. Biological processes that remove phosphorus from wastewater, are called Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (EBPR in short) processes, and produce a P rich sludge that can be treated to recover phosphorus in forms that could be used as fertilizers. Several processes have been developed to recover P from EBPR plants, such as Waste Activated Sludge Stripping to Remove Internal Phosphorus (WASSTRIP) and the PhoStrip processes. P recovery within EBPR plant often involved an anaerobic holding tank, where P is released due to PAO activity as well as bacteria decay. However, the impact of EBPR process operating conditions on P-release capacity and kinetics are not fully understood. In addition, it is largely unclear how the anaerobic digestion process of the P-recovery process affects the microbial population, and therefore the EBPR activity in the mainstream, in system where the sludge is recirculated back to the mainstream. In this study, P-release capacity and kinetics were studied by conducting day long endogenous anaerobic digestion tests on activated sludge withdrawn from lab scale sequencing batch reactors operating under different conditions (COD/P and SRT). P-release mechanisms during the digestion test were investigated by Live/Dead analysis, as well as soluble metal ion concentration measurements, which are usually associated with EBPR activity. In addition, PAO activities changes were explored by the microbial population quantification, combined with P-release rate in the present of VFA. Considering the microbial populations, in the acetate fed SBRs are different in quantity and possibly composition, from the population (especially PAOs) in full-scale samples, the same anaerobic test and measurements were performed on a full-scale EBPR WWTP WAS samples. Under anaerobic starvation conditions, it was observed that low COD:P ratio with 10-20 days-SRT had better P recovery potential than other operation conditions involved in this study, in terms of higher amount ortho-P released and faster releasing rate. Among the released ortho-P during the digestion test, majority of it was found to be due by poly-P depletion. In addition, because of the reducing intercellular polymer storage, PAO activity also decreased significantly during the anaerobic digestion test. However, with different population and composition, PAO activity in full scale WAS samples actually increased after the test.
Aquaculture Engineering
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Author : Odd-Ivar Lekang
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2019-10-25
Aquaculture Engineering written by Odd-Ivar Lekang and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-25 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The revised edition of the comprehensive book that explores the principles and applications of aquaculture engineering Since the publication of the first edition of Aquaculture Engineering there have been many advances in the industry. The revised and thoroughly updated third edition of Aquaculture Engineering covers the principles and applications of all major facets of aquaculture engineering and the newest developments in the field. Written by a noted expert on the topic, the new edition highlights information on new areas of interest including RAS technology and offshore fish farming. Comprehensive in scope, the book examines a range of topics including: water transportation and treatment; feed and feeding systems; fish transportation and grading; cleaning and waste handling; instrumentation and monitoring; removal of particles; aeration and oxygenation; recirculation and water reuse systems; ponds; and the design and construction of aquaculture facilities. This important book: Presents an updated review of the basic principles and applications in aquaculture engineering Includes information on new areas of focus; RAS technology and offshore fish farming Contains a revised edition of the classic resource on aquaculture engineering Continues to offer an authoritative guide written by a leading expert in the field Written for aquaculture scientists and managers, engineers, equipment manufacturers and suppliers, and biological scientists, the third edition of Aquaculture Engineering is the authoritative guide to the topic that has been updated to include the most recent developments in the industry.
Factors Influencing The Reliability Of Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal
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Author : J. B. Neethling
language : en
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Release Date : 2006-03-31
Factors Influencing The Reliability Of Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal written by J. B. Neethling and has been published by IWA Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-03-31 with Science categories.
Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) has been used for decades to remove phosphorus from municipal wastewater because it allows facilities to meet water quality goals while minimizing chemical consumption and sludge production. However, there is still substantial variability in both the practices applied to achieve EBPR and the level of soluble phosphorus removal achieved. The objective of this research project was to develop information that can be used to help municipal wastewater treatment plants more efficiently and cost effectively remove phosphorus through EBPR processes. This project included detailed analysis of routine water quality and operating data, field testing observations, and special studies conducted over the course of the project to evaluate the variability of EBPR, factors influencing EBPR performance, and the relationship between EBPR and the presence of glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs).
Development Of Low Energy Aeration System For Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal Ebpr
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Author : Mahmoud Amr Mansour
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Development Of Low Energy Aeration System For Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal Ebpr written by Mahmoud Amr Mansour and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
In a world that is witnessing an everlasting growth and accelerating increase in its population, an increase in the amount of wastewater produced is inevitable. In order to recycle this wastewater back to the environment, all nutrients should be removed. Unfortunately, removing the nutrients from wastewater is expensive due to the oxygen and chemicals requirement. Phosphorus removal is an important part of wastewater treatment process; Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (EBPR) is one of the main processes responsible for phosphorus removal in wastewater treatment plants. EBPR consist of two major phases: anaerobic phase and aerobic phase. Aeration costs in the aerobic phase are relatively high in EBPR system. Finding a new approach for decreasing the amount of aeration needed for EBPR systems recently has grown in importance. Most of the research done on EBPR process was focusing on continued aeration, the effect of intermittent aeration is not widely researched. Thus, this research aims to overcome the previously mentioned challenges towards achieving stable EBPR process through different optimization techniques. To achieve this goal, a new aeration strategy has been developed to stepwise decrease the dissolved oxygen (DO) to reach very low DO conditions for EBPR. The new strategy depends on using intermittent aeration as a method of providing DO to the system. The SBR was operated over the span of 140 days under very low DO concentrations ranged from 0.5-1.0 mg/L, and achieved stable nutrients removal with removal efficiencies of: phosphorus removal efficiency (99%), ammonia removal efficiency (99%), COD removal Efficiency (100%). In addition, the effect of acetate to propionate ratio as a carbon source for EBPR systems under low DO concentrations have been studied, to investigate the effect of carbon source on the competition between Glycogen Accumulating Organism (GAO) and Polyphosphate Accumulating Organism (PAO) in EBPR systems. Propionate was found to be the best carbon source for EBPR process, after different compositions of COD were used as a carbon source for the EBPR process. The combination of low DO concentrations and propionate as a carbon source has been found to be a successful approach in controlling the competition between GAO and PAO in EBPR systems.
Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal At High Temperature Using Different Carbon Sources Key Microorganisms And Processes
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Author : Rogelio Ernesto Zuniga Montanez
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal At High Temperature Using Different Carbon Sources Key Microorganisms And Processes written by Rogelio Ernesto Zuniga Montanez and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
Municipal wastewater contains a number of constituents that can have detrimental effects if discharged to receiving water bodies. Phosphorus (P) is of specific interest as a limiting nutrient in aquatic ecosystems that can cause eutrophication. In enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR), polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) store excess P intracellularly. To achieve this accumulation, the organisms are exposed consecutively to anaerobic and either aerobic or anoxic conditions. During the anaerobic phase, PAOs consume and store organic carbon with P release, followed by the aerobic/anoxic phase during which the stored carbon is oxidized and P is taken up and stored as polyphosphate. PAOs are not the only bacteria that can thrive under these cyclic conditions and they face competition from glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs). The latter have a similar metabolism but do not accumulate P. Most research to date has focused on the use of certain volatile fatty acids (VFAs) as carbon sources and on process conditions at temperatures common in temperate climates. Much remains unknown about the potential of EBPR in tropical regions and the suitability of other carbon substrates to drive the accumulation of phosphate. The purpose of this dissertation is to contribute to the understanding of EBPR at high temperatures and with unconventional carbon sources. Three different studies were designed and conducted with the following aims: (a) to evaluate the long-term EBPR stability and key microbial community in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) designed to achieve P removal in Singapore, (b) to study the process efficiency, biochemical transformations and organisms involved in a laboratory-scale EBPR reactor fed by alternating the substrates acetate and glutamate, and (c) to assess the potential of using unconventional carbon sources for EBPR by testing glutamate and glucose as alternating substrates at the laboratory-scale. The research included experiments at the full- and laboratory-scale, all at a mean temperature of 30 °C. Sustained observations in all three studies served to uncover the biochemical and microbial community dynamics. In the full-scale study, I conducted a yearlong evaluation of the EBPR activity at a WWTP that had been retrofitted to facilitate EBPR in Singapore. A mean P removal efficiency of 90 % was observed throughout the sampling period, similar to temperate climate installations and contrary to earlier reports that EBPR was not feasible at high temperatures. The main PAOs present in the reactor were Tetrasphaera, Candidatus Accumulibacter (Accumulibacter) and Dechloromonas, with mean relative abundances of 1.53, 0.43 and 0.69 %, respectively. The PAO community underwent changes during the surveyed period, with a marked transition from a Tetrasphaera-dominated community to a more even one. The link between PAOs and the P released in the anaerobic compartment was supported by a statistically significant correlation between the relative abundance of these organisms and the measured P concentrations. GAOs and PAOs coexisted without compromising the EBPR activity. In one of the laboratory-scale studies, glutamate and acetate were alternated as the carbon source for a reactor operated at 30 °C. Complete and stable P removal was achieved with a predominantly glutamate-containing feed, after modifying operating parameters commonly used in VFA-fed systems to a COD/P ratio of 40:1 mg COD/mg P and a cycle duration of 8 h. Long-term EBPR with a feed dominated by glutamate in a laboratory-scale reactor has not been previously reported. The P and carbon cycling patterns were different for glutamate and acetate. Reduced P release and polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) accumulation happened when glutamate was fed, but not with acetate, where glutamate appeared to be stored as an unidentified non-PHA compound or as different compounds. The PAO Accumulibacter and the GAO Candidatus Competibacter (Competibacter) remained the only known EBPR bacteria during the period of good EBPR performance, at similar relative abundances. A canonical correlation analysis revealed that the relative abundance of some non-PAO organisms correlated more strongly with variables that denoted good EBPR activity than did the abundance of any of the known PAOs. In the last study, a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor was used to test the EBPR potential of glutamate and glucose as alternating carbon sources in a high temperature process. The recommended influent COD/P ratio and batch duration for VFA-fed systems were unsuccessful. After modifications, COD/P ratios of 20:1 and 40:1 mg COD/ mg P resulted in complete P removal, but only in the short term. The EBPR stoichiometry with these two carbon substrates differed from that of VFA-fed systems. For both, lower P and PHA cycling was observed, and intracellular carbon storage compounds that were not PHA appeared to contribute to P cycling, as shown from carbon balances. A very diverse EBPR community was present in the reactor, including Accumulibacter, Tetrasphaera and Dechloromonas PAOs, and Competibacter, Defluviicoccus, Micropruina and Kineosphaera GAOs. Most of these organisms have not been reported before in laboratory-scale EBPR reactors operated at high temperatures. The work presented in this dissertation expands the understanding of EBPR by showing that the process is possible and stable in full-scale treatment plants at high temperature, with removal efficiencies similar to those observed in temperate climates. In addition, it was shown that unconventional carbon sources, specifically, glutamate and glucose, do participate in EBPR and that complete and stable phosphorus removal can be achieved with glutamate as dominant substrate at high temperature. A core PAO and GAO community was present in the three systems, where the interactions among members were more complex than previously considered, including competition, coexistence and succession events. The results obtained from this work enhance our fundamental knowledge of EBPR as an industrial process, as well as the metabolic diversity, niches and dynamics of PAOs and GAOs. The study outcomes can inform design and operational strategies at full-scale treatment plants. Lastly, the consideration of both high temperatures and unconventional carbon sources for EBPR is expected to aid in the development of more efficient treatment processes.
Treatment Wetlands
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Author : Gabriela Dotro
language : en
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Release Date : 2017-11-15
Treatment Wetlands written by Gabriela Dotro and has been published by IWA Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-15 with Science categories.
Contents: Overview of Treatment Wetlands; Fundamentals of Treatment Wetlands; Horizontal Flow Wetlands; Vertical Flow Wetlands; French Vertical Flow Wetlands; Intensified and Modified Wetlands; Free Water Surface Wetlands; Other Applications; Additional Aspects.
Application Of Anaerobic Aerobic Activated Sludge To Nutrient Deficient Wastewater Treatment
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Author : Willie Frank Harper
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Application Of Anaerobic Aerobic Activated Sludge To Nutrient Deficient Wastewater Treatment written by Willie Frank Harper and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with categories.
Design Manual
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1987
Design Manual written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987 with Chemicals categories.
Index Medicus
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Index Medicus written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Medicine categories.
Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.