Using Noise To Characterize Vision

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Using Noise To Characterize Vision

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Author : Rémy Allard
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-03-02

Using Noise To Characterize Vision written by Rémy Allard and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-02 with Noise categories.

Noise has been widely used to investigate the processing properties of various visual functions (e.g. detection, discrimination, attention, perceptual learning, averaging, crowding, face recognition), in various populations (e.g. older adults, amblyopes, migrainers, dyslexic children), using noise along various dimensions (e.g. pixel noise, orientation jitter, contrast jitter). The reason to use external noise is generally not to characterize visual processing in external noise per se, but rather to reveal how vision works in ordinary conditions when performance is limited by our intrinsic noise rather than externally added noise. For instance, reverse correlation aims at identifying the relevant information to perform a given task in noiseless conditions and measuring contrast thresholds in various noise levels can be used to understand the impact of intrinsic noise that limits sensitivity to noiseless stimuli. Why use noise? Since Fechner named it, psychophysics has always emphasized the systematic investigation of conditions that break vision. External noise raises threshold hugely and selectively. In hearing, Fletcher used noise in his famous critical-band experiments to reveal frequency-selective channels in hearing. Critical bands have been found in vision too. More generally, the big reliable effects of noise give important clues to how the system works. And simple models have been proposed to account for the effects of visual noise. As noise has been more widely used, questions have been raised about the simplifying assumptions that link the processing properties in noiseless conditions to measurements in external noise. For instance, it is usually assumed that the processing strategy (or mechanism) used to perform a task and its processing properties (e.g. filter tuning) are unaffected by the addition of external noise. Some have suggested that the processing properties could change with the addition of external noise (e.g. change in filter tuning or more lateral masking in noise), which would need to be considered before drawing conclusions about the processing properties in noiseless condition. Others have suggested that different processing properties (or mechanisms) could be solicited in low and high noise conditions, complicating the characterization of processing properties in noiseless condition based on processing properties identified in noise conditions. The current Research Topic probes further into what the effects of visual noise tell us about vision in ordinary conditions. Our Editorial gives an overview of the articles in this special issue.

Functional Eye Diseases Visual Deficits And Rehabilitation

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Author : Jiawei Zhou
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-03-08

Functional Eye Diseases Visual Deficits And Rehabilitation written by Jiawei Zhou and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-03-08 with Science categories.

The Oxford Handbook Of Human Memory Two Volume Pack

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Author : Michael J. Kahana
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2024-04-26

The Oxford Handbook Of Human Memory Two Volume Pack written by Michael J. Kahana and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-04-26 with Psychology categories.

The Oxford Handbook of Human Memory provides an authoritative overview of the science of human memory, its application to clinical disorders, and its broader implications for learning and memory in real-world contexts. Organized into two volumes and eleven sections, the Handbook integrates behavioral, neural, and computational evidence with current theories of how we learn and remember. Overall, The Oxford Handbook of Human Memory documents the current state of knowledge in the field and provides a roadmap for the next generation of memory scientists, established peers, and practitioners.

Computational Methods For Functional Characterization Of Visual Neurons

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Author : Michael Chinkuo Wu
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008

Computational Methods For Functional Characterization Of Visual Neurons written by Michael Chinkuo Wu and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.

What Can Simple Brains Teach Us About How Vision Works

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Author : Davide Zoccolan
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2015-11-18

What Can Simple Brains Teach Us About How Vision Works written by Davide Zoccolan and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-11-18 with Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry categories.

Vision is the process of extracting behaviorally-relevant information from patterns of light that fall on retina as the eyes sample the outside world. Traditionally, nonhuman primates (macaque monkeys, in particular) have been viewed by many as the animal model-of-choice for investigating the neuronal substrates of visual processing, not only because their visual systems closely mirror our own, but also because it is often assumed that “simpler” brains lack advanced visual processing machinery. However, this narrow view of visual neuroscience ignores the fact that vision is widely distributed throughout the animal kingdom, enabling a wide repertoire of complex behaviors in species from insects to birds, fish, and mammals. Recent years have seen a resurgence of interest in alternative animal models for vision research, especially rodents. This resurgence is partly due to the availability of increasingly powerful experimental approaches (e.g., optogenetics and two-photon imaging) that are challenging to apply to their full potential in primates. Meanwhile, even more phylogenetically distant species such as birds, fish, and insects have long been workhorse animal models for gaining insight into the core computations underlying visual processing. In many cases, these animal models are valuable precisely because their visual systems are simpler than the primate visual system. Simpler systems are often easier to understand, and studying a diversity of neuronal systems that achieve similar functions can focus attention on those computational principles that are universal and essential. This Research Topic provides a survey of the state of the art in the use of animal models of visual functions that are alternative to macaques. It includes original research, methods articles, reviews, and opinions that exploit a variety of animal models (including rodents, birds, fishes and insects, as well as small New World monkey, the marmoset) to investigate visual function. The experimental approaches covered by these studies range from psychophysics and electrophysiology to histology and genetics, testifying to the richness and depth of visual neuroscience in non-macaque species.

A Multiattribute Utility Analysis Of Sites Nominated For Characterization For The First Radioactive Waste Repository

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1986

A Multiattribute Utility Analysis Of Sites Nominated For Characterization For The First Radioactive Waste Repository written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with Decision making categories.

Performance Characterization In Computer Vision

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Author : Reinhard Klette
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-04-17

Performance Characterization In Computer Vision written by Reinhard Klette and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-17 with Computers categories.

This edited volume addresses a subject which has been discussed inten sively in the computer vision community for several years. Performance characterization and evaluation of computer vision algorithms are of key importance, particularly with respect to the configuration of reliable and ro bust computer vision systems as well as the dissemination of reconfigurable systems in novel application domains. Although a plethora of literature on this subject is available for certain' areas of computer vision, the re search community still faces a lack of a well-grounded, generally accepted, and--eventually-standardized methods. The range of fundamental problems encoIl!passes the value of synthetic images in experimental computer vision, the selection of a representative set of real images related to specific domains and tasks, the definition of ground truth given different tasks and applications, the design of experimental test beds, the analysis of algorithms with respect to general characteristics such as complexity, resource consumption, convergence, stability, or range of admissible input data, the definition and analysis of performance measures for classes of algorithms, the role of statistics-based performance measures, the generation of data sheets with performance measures of algorithms sup porting the system engineer in his configuration problem, and the validity of model assumptions for specific applications of computer vision.

Visual Psychophysics

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Author : Zhong-Lin Lu
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2013-10-11

Visual Psychophysics written by Zhong-Lin Lu and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-11 with Science categories.

A comprehensive treatment of the skills and techniques needed for visual psychophysics, from basic tools to sophisticated data analysis. Vision is one of the most active areas in biomedical research, and visual psychophysical techniques are a foundational methodology for this research enterprise. Visual psychophysics, which studies the relationship between the physical world and human behavior, is a classical field of study that has widespread applications in modern vision science. Bridging the gap between theory and practice, this textbook provides a comprehensive treatment of visual psychophysics, teaching not only basic techniques but also sophisticated data analysis methodologies and theoretical approaches. It begins with practical information about setting up a vision lab and goes on to discuss the creation, manipulation, and display of visual images; timing and integration of displays with measurements of brain activities and other relevant techniques; experimental designs; estimation of behavioral functions; and examples of psychophysics in applied and clinical settings. The book's treatment of experimental designs presents the most commonly used psychophysical paradigms, theory-driven psychophysical experiments, and the analysis of these procedures in a signal-detection theory framework. The book discusses the theoretical underpinnings of data analysis and scientific interpretation, presenting data analysis techniques that include model fitting, model comparison, and a general framework for optimized adaptive testing methods. It includes many sample programs in Matlab with functions from Psychtoolbox, a free toolbox for real-time experimental control. Once students and researchers have mastered the material in this book, they will have the skills to apply visual psychophysics to cutting-edge vision science.

Color Vision Sensation And Perception

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Author : Marcelo Fernandes Costa
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-09-15

Color Vision Sensation And Perception written by Marcelo Fernandes Costa and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-15 with Psychology categories.

Color vision is considered a microcosm of the visual science. Special physiological and psychological processes make this scientific topic an intriguing and complex research field that can aggregates around molecular biologists, neurophysiologists, physicists, psychophysicists and cognitive neuroscientists. Our purpose is to present the frontier knowledge of this area of visual science, showing, in the end, the future prospects of application and basic studies of color perception.

Innovations In Computational Intelligence And Computer Vision

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Author : Satyabrata Roy
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2025-01-01

Innovations In Computational Intelligence And Computer Vision written by Satyabrata Roy and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-01-01 with Computers categories.

This volume comprises of research papers presented at the 4th International Conference on Innovations in Computational Intelligence and Computer Vision (ICICV 2024) organized by Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, India during April 4 – 5, 2024. The book includes a collection of innovative ideas from researchers, scientists, academics, industry professionals and students. The book covers a variety of topics, such as artificial intelligence and computer vision, image processing and video analysis, applications and services of artificial intelligence and computer vision, interdisciplinary areas combining artificial intelligence and computer vision, and other innovative practices.