Using Noise To Characterize Vision
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Using Noise To Characterize Vision
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Author : Rémy Allard
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-03-02
Using Noise To Characterize Vision written by Rémy Allard and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-02 with Noise categories.
Noise has been widely used to investigate the processing properties of various visual functions (e.g. detection, discrimination, attention, perceptual learning, averaging, crowding, face recognition), in various populations (e.g. older adults, amblyopes, migrainers, dyslexic children), using noise along various dimensions (e.g. pixel noise, orientation jitter, contrast jitter). The reason to use external noise is generally not to characterize visual processing in external noise per se, but rather to reveal how vision works in ordinary conditions when performance is limited by our intrinsic noise rather than externally added noise. For instance, reverse correlation aims at identifying the relevant information to perform a given task in noiseless conditions and measuring contrast thresholds in various noise levels can be used to understand the impact of intrinsic noise that limits sensitivity to noiseless stimuli. Why use noise? Since Fechner named it, psychophysics has always emphasized the systematic investigation of conditions that break vision. External noise raises threshold hugely and selectively. In hearing, Fletcher used noise in his famous critical-band experiments to reveal frequency-selective channels in hearing. Critical bands have been found in vision too. More generally, the big reliable effects of noise give important clues to how the system works. And simple models have been proposed to account for the effects of visual noise. As noise has been more widely used, questions have been raised about the simplifying assumptions that link the processing properties in noiseless conditions to measurements in external noise. For instance, it is usually assumed that the processing strategy (or mechanism) used to perform a task and its processing properties (e.g. filter tuning) are unaffected by the addition of external noise. Some have suggested that the processing properties could change with the addition of external noise (e.g. change in filter tuning or more lateral masking in noise), which would need to be considered before drawing conclusions about the processing properties in noiseless condition. Others have suggested that different processing properties (or mechanisms) could be solicited in low and high noise conditions, complicating the characterization of processing properties in noiseless condition based on processing properties identified in noise conditions. The current Research Topic probes further into what the effects of visual noise tell us about vision in ordinary conditions. Our Editorial gives an overview of the articles in this special issue.
Performance Characterization In Computer Vision
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Author : Reinhard Klette
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-04-17
Performance Characterization In Computer Vision written by Reinhard Klette and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-17 with Computers categories.
This edited volume addresses a subject which has been discussed inten sively in the computer vision community for several years. Performance characterization and evaluation of computer vision algorithms are of key importance, particularly with respect to the configuration of reliable and ro bust computer vision systems as well as the dissemination of reconfigurable systems in novel application domains. Although a plethora of literature on this subject is available for certain' areas of computer vision, the re search community still faces a lack of a well-grounded, generally accepted, and--eventually-standardized methods. The range of fundamental problems encoIl!passes the value of synthetic images in experimental computer vision, the selection of a representative set of real images related to specific domains and tasks, the definition of ground truth given different tasks and applications, the design of experimental test beds, the analysis of algorithms with respect to general characteristics such as complexity, resource consumption, convergence, stability, or range of admissible input data, the definition and analysis of performance measures for classes of algorithms, the role of statistics-based performance measures, the generation of data sheets with performance measures of algorithms sup porting the system engineer in his configuration problem, and the validity of model assumptions for specific applications of computer vision.
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with categories.
Scientific And Technical Aerospace Reports
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
Scientific And Technical Aerospace Reports written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Aeronautics categories.
Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Computer Vision Eccv 2010
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Author : Kostas Daniilidis
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2010-09-08
Computer Vision Eccv 2010 written by Kostas Daniilidis and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-09-08 with Computers categories.
The 2010 edition of the European Conference on Computer Vision was held in Heraklion, Crete. The call for papers attracted an absolute record of 1,174 submissions. We describe here the selection of the accepted papers: Thirty-eight area chairs were selected coming from Europe (18), USA and Canada (16), and Asia (4). Their selection was based on the following criteria: (1) Researchers who had served at least two times as Area Chairs within the past two years at major vision conferences were excluded; (2) Researchers who served as Area Chairs at the 2010 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition were also excluded (exception: ECCV 2012 Program Chairs); (3) Minimization of overlap introduced by Area Chairs being former student and advisors; (4) 20% of the Area Chairs had never served before in a major conference; (5) The Area Chair selection process made all possible efforts to achieve a reasonable geographic distribution between countries, thematic areas and trends in computer vision. Each Area Chair was assigned by the Program Chairs between 28–32 papers. Based on paper content, the Area Chair recommended up to seven potential reviewers per paper. Such assignment was made using all reviewers in the database including the conflicting ones. The Program Chairs manually entered the missing conflict domains of approximately 300 reviewers. Based on the recommendation of the Area Chairs, three reviewers were selected per paper (with at least one being of the top three suggestions), with 99.
Remotely Sensed Data Characterization Classification And Accuracies
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Author : Ph.D., Prasad S. Thenkabail
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2015-10-02
Remotely Sensed Data Characterization Classification And Accuracies written by Ph.D., Prasad S. Thenkabail and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-10-02 with Technology & Engineering categories.
A volume in the Remote Sensing Handbook series, Remotely Sensed Data Characterization, Classification, and Accuracies documents the scientific and methodological advances that have taken place during the last 50 years. The other two volumes in the series are Land Resources Monitoring, Modeling, and Mapping with Remote Sensing, and Remote Sensing of
Acuity Crowding Feature Detection And Fixation In Normal And Amblyopic Vision
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Author : Shuang Song
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Acuity Crowding Feature Detection And Fixation In Normal And Amblyopic Vision written by Shuang Song and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
Both functional and physical properties related to vision are known to be abnormal in amblyopia. The former include spatial and temporal visual deficits such as reduced letter acuity and temporal sensitivity, crowding, and decreased position acuity; the latter refers to eccentric and unstable fixational eye movements in strabismic amblyopia. This dissertation represents parallel studies that aim to characterize amblyopic vision from these angles using different approaches. In the first series of experiments, we systematically explored the size and spacing requirements for identifying a letter among other letters by measuring flanked and unflanked letter acuities in normals and amblyopes, centrally and peripherally, while fixing the medium contrast and brief presentation duration. At fixation, for normals and non-strabismic amblyopes, no crowding has been found: legibility of a flanked letter is limited by overlap masking or acuity depending on the letter spacing. In normal peripheral vision and strabismic amblyopia, legibility is limited by crowding unless the letter spacing is very loose. We show that strabismic and non-strabismic amblyopia are much like normal vision at increased eccentricity or with added blur, respectively, as characterized by the crowding-acuity ratio. For clinical screening tests for strabismic and non-strabismic amblyopia, we recommend measuring both unflanked letter acuity and flanked letter acuity with tight spacing. In the second series of experiments, we explored the effects of various factors on both flanked and unflanked visual acuities in normal observers. Specifically, we varied polarity, contrast, and duration of the letter stimuli, as well as the pupil size of the observer by adding a pinhole. We find that the critical spacing for crowding in the fovea is 0.09 ̃0.1 deg. The main effects of and interactions between the above factors provide the context and supplement to the results from the above experiments, based on which we extend the letter legibility model developed from the above experiments by parameterization of each legibility limit to account for a wide range of conditions. In the third series of experiments, the first experiment estimated the spatiotemporal mechanism for detecting a luminance increment of a bright bar embedded in spatiotemporal noise for normal and amblyopic observers. The normal template is characterized by a temporal summation zone surrounded by symmetric spatial inhibition zones and followed by a temporal inhibition zone. The abnormal amblyopic template lacks inhibition but with normal temporal summation. Neither blurring the stimuli in space and time nor varying the signal-to-noise ratio caused any significant change in the normal or amblyopic template. However, decreasing the fundamental frequency of the stimuli restored the normal template in the amblyopic eye. Furthermore, the normal periphery shares spatial properties with amblyopia but the temporal properties may be different. The second experiment mapped the dynamic of spatiotemporal interactions of crowded stimulus orientations in normal and amblyopic eyes. For normal eyes, crowding occurs at locations adjacent to the target in space and around or before the target presentation in time. Different types of cues may affect the spatiotemporal interaction map differently, but the strongest crowding never coincides with the target presentation. The amblyopic spatiotemporal interaction map is not substantially different from that of the normal eyes, except that in general the spatiotemporal interaction is more widely distributed around and after the target presentation. "Anti-crowding"--Repulsion of perceived orientation that is induced by farther flankers is documented in both normal and amblyopic eyes. In the fourth series of experiments, an adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AOSLO) was used to record fixational eye movements, allowing direct viewing of retinal movements and fixation locations. Fixational eye movements were modeled as a stochastic process governed by a potential function assumed to have the form of a quadratic polynomial for both normal and strabismic amblyopic observers. Our results confirm that microsaccades, on average, correct for fixation inaccuracy. Microsaccades occur more frequently and tend to move faster towards the target at relatively large displacements. Drift is modeled as a Brownian motion with constant rate over time plus an error-correcting component initially following a microsaccade. The unstable eccentric fixational eye movements in strabismic amblyopia are characterized by frequent intrusive saccades with large amplitudes and high speeds. The strabismic amblyopic fixation pattern on multiple loci is task dependent, with less eccentric but unstable fixation induced by challenging tasks, and relatively stable fixation by small highly visible static targets.
Sound And Music In Film And Visual Media
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Author : Graeme Harper
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Release Date : 2014-10-27
Sound And Music In Film And Visual Media written by Graeme Harper and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-27 with Social Science categories.
Sound and Music in Film and Visual Media: A Critical Overview is a comprehensive work defining and encapsulating concepts, issues and applications in and around the use of sound in film and the cinema, media/broadcast and new media. Over thirty definitive full-length essays, which are linked by highlighted text and reference material, bring together original research by many of the world's top scholars in this emerging field. Complete with an extensive bibliography, Sound and Music in Film and Visual Media provides the most comprehensive and wide-ranging consideration of this subject yet produced.
Breast Imaging
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Author : Andrew D.A. Maidment
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2012-07-13
Breast Imaging written by Andrew D.A. Maidment and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-07-13 with Computers categories.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Digital Mammography, IWDM 2012, held in Philadelphia, PA, USA, in July 2012. The 42 revised full papers and 58 revised poster papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous initial submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on contrast-enhancing imaging, digital mammography methods, tomosynthesis system design, tomosynthesis - image quality and dose, clinical tomosynthesis, functional breast imaging, breast computed tomography, computer-aided diagnosis and image processing, tomosynthesis reconstruction, and breast density.
Computer Vision Eccv 2004
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Author : Tomas Pajdla
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2004-04-28
Computer Vision Eccv 2004 written by Tomas Pajdla and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-04-28 with Computers categories.
The four-volume set comprising LNCS volumes 3021/3022/3023/3024 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th European Conference on Computer Vision, ECCV 2004, held in Prague, Czech Republic, in May 2004. The 190 revised papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 555 papers submitted. The four books span the entire range of current issues in computer vision. The papers are organized in topical sections on tracking; feature-based object detection and recognition; geometry; texture; learning and recognition; information-based image processing; scale space, flow, and restoration; 2D shape detection and recognition; and 3D shape representation and reconstruction.