What Can Simple Brains Teach Us About How Vision Works
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What Can Simple Brains Teach Us About How Vision Works
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Author : Davide Zoccolan
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2015-11-18
What Can Simple Brains Teach Us About How Vision Works written by Davide Zoccolan and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-11-18 with Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry categories.
Vision is the process of extracting behaviorally-relevant information from patterns of light that fall on retina as the eyes sample the outside world. Traditionally, nonhuman primates (macaque monkeys, in particular) have been viewed by many as the animal model-of-choice for investigating the neuronal substrates of visual processing, not only because their visual systems closely mirror our own, but also because it is often assumed that “simpler” brains lack advanced visual processing machinery. However, this narrow view of visual neuroscience ignores the fact that vision is widely distributed throughout the animal kingdom, enabling a wide repertoire of complex behaviors in species from insects to birds, fish, and mammals. Recent years have seen a resurgence of interest in alternative animal models for vision research, especially rodents. This resurgence is partly due to the availability of increasingly powerful experimental approaches (e.g., optogenetics and two-photon imaging) that are challenging to apply to their full potential in primates. Meanwhile, even more phylogenetically distant species such as birds, fish, and insects have long been workhorse animal models for gaining insight into the core computations underlying visual processing. In many cases, these animal models are valuable precisely because their visual systems are simpler than the primate visual system. Simpler systems are often easier to understand, and studying a diversity of neuronal systems that achieve similar functions can focus attention on those computational principles that are universal and essential. This Research Topic provides a survey of the state of the art in the use of animal models of visual functions that are alternative to macaques. It includes original research, methods articles, reviews, and opinions that exploit a variety of animal models (including rodents, birds, fishes and insects, as well as small New World monkey, the marmoset) to investigate visual function. The experimental approaches covered by these studies range from psychophysics and electrophysiology to histology and genetics, testifying to the richness and depth of visual neuroscience in non-macaque species.
What Can Simple Brains Teach Us About How Vision Works
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
What Can Simple Brains Teach Us About How Vision Works written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
Vision is the process of extracting behaviorally-relevant information from patterns of light that fall on retina as the eyes sample the outside world. Traditionally, nonhuman primates (macaque monkeys, in particular) have been viewed by many as the animal model-of-choice for investigating the neuronal substrates of visual processing, not only because their visual systems closely mirror our own, but also because it is often assumed that "simpler" brains lack advanced visual processing machinery. However, this narrow view of visual neuroscience ignores the fact that vision is widely distributed throughout the animal kingdom, enabling a wide repertoire of complex behaviors in species from insects to birds, fish, and mammals. Recent years have seen a resurgence of interest in alternative animal models for vision research, especially rodents. This resurgence is partly due to the availability of increasingly powerful experimental approaches (e.g., optogenetics and two-photon imaging) that are challenging to apply to their full potential in primates. Meanwhile, even more phylogenetically distant species such as birds, fish, and insects have long been workhorse animal models for gaining insight into the core computations underlying visual processing. In many cases, these animal models are valuable precisely because their visual systems are simpler than the primate visual system. Simpler systems are often easier to understand, and studying a diversity of neuronal systems that achieve similar functions can focus attention on those computational principles that are universal and essential. This Research Topic provides a survey of the state of the art in the use of animal models of visual functions that are alternative to macaques. It includes original research, methods articles, reviews, and opinions that exploit a variety of animal models (including rodents, birds, fishes and insects, as well as small New World monkey, the marmoset) to investigate visual function. The experimental approaches covered by these studies range from psychophysics and electrophysiology to histology and genetics, testifying to the richness and depth of visual neuroscience in non-macaque species.
Journey Of The Mind How Thinking Emerged From Chaos
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Author : Ogi Ogas
language : en
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
Release Date : 2022-03-08
Journey Of The Mind How Thinking Emerged From Chaos written by Ogi Ogas and has been published by W. W. Norton & Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-03-08 with Science categories.
Two neuroscientists reveal why consciousness exists and how it works by examining eighteen increasingly intelligent minds, from microbes to humankind—and beyond. Why do you exist? How did atoms and molecules transform into sentient creatures that experience longing, regret, compassion, and even marvel at their own existence? What does it truly mean to have a mind—to think? Science has offered few answers to these existential questions until now. Journey of the Mind is the first book to offer a unified account of the mind that explains how consciousness, language, self-awareness, and civilization arose incrementally out of chaos. The journey begins three billion years ago with the emergence of the universe’s simplest possible mind. From there, the book explores the nanoscopic archaeon, whose thinking machinery consists of a handful of molecules, then advances through amoebas, worms, frogs, birds, monkeys, and humans, explaining what each “new” mind could do that previous minds could not. Though they admire the triumph of human consciousness, Ogi Ogas and Sai Gaddam argue that humans are hardly the most sophisticated minds on the planet. The same physical principles that produce human self-awareness are leading cities and nation-states to develop “superminds,” and perhaps planting the seeds for even higher forms of consciousness. Written in lively, accessible language accompanied by vivid illustrations, Journey of the Mind is a mind-bending work of popular science, the first general book to share the cutting-edge mathematical basis for consciousness, language, and the self. It shows how a “unified theory of the mind” can explain the mind’s greatest mysteries—and offer clues about the ultimate fate of all minds in the universe.
Thalamic Function Beyond A Simple Relay
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Author : Vincenzo Crunelli
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-05-20
Thalamic Function Beyond A Simple Relay written by Vincenzo Crunelli and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-05-20 with Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry categories.
The thalamus is often described as a relay. Typified by sensory pathways, this concept leads to thalamic nuclei being viewed as areas that passively streams information from a single source to the cortex, without affecting the nature of that information. However, diverse intrathalamic connections, the varying synaptic and membrane properties of thalamic neurons and the large number of inputs from non-sensory sources make the idea that the thalamus is just a passive relay unlikely. Furthermore, a large number of thalamic nuclei are not primarily driven by sensory signals nor do they exclusively target the cortex, meaning the thalamus must do more than simply pass sensory signals to the cortex. Finally, there is a wealth of research demonstrating that the thalamus does indeed function in ways that are not captured by the concept of a simple relay. So why, given all of this, is the primary paradigm for describing the thalamus, a relay? This Research Topic covers original research, reviews and hypotheses on thalamic function that explore the concept that the thalamus performs computational tasks other than simply passively relaying information.
Sight Unseen
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Author : Melvyn Goodale
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2013-06-27
Sight Unseen written by Melvyn Goodale and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-27 with Psychology categories.
Vision, more than any other sense, dominates our mental life. Our conscious visual experience of the world is so rich and detailed that we can hardly distinguish it from the real thing. But as Goodale and Milner make clear in their prize-winning book, Sight Unseen, our visual experience of the world is not all there is to vision. Some of the most important things that vision does for us never reach our consciousness at all. In this updated and extended new edition, Goodale and Milner explore one of the most extraordinary neurological cases of recent years--one that profoundly changed scientific views on the visual brain. It is the story of Dee Fletcher--a young woman who became blind to shape and form as a result of brain damage. Dee was left unable to recognize objects or even tell one simple geometric shape from another. As events unfolded, however, Goodale and Milner found that Dee wasn't in fact blind -- she just didn't know that she could see. They showed, for example, that Dee could reach out and grasp objects with amazing dexterity, despite being unable to perceive their shape, size, or orientation. Taking us on a journey into the unconscious brain, the two scientists who made this incredible discovery tell the amazing story of their work, and the surprising conclusion they were forced to reach. Written to be accessible to students and popular science readers, this book is a fascinating illustration of the power of the 'unconscious' mind.
Optics
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Author : Jeff Hecht
language : en
Publisher: Jeff Hecht
Release Date : 1987-04-01
Optics written by Jeff Hecht and has been published by Jeff Hecht this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987-04-01 with Science categories.
Young adult introduction to optics and light, including what light is and does, simple optics and how they work, the eye, light sources, light detection and robot vision, infrared and ultraviolet light, Optical instruments, cameras and television, fiber optics, light and life, ray guns and reality.
The Perpetual Now
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Author : Michael D. Lemonick
language : en
Publisher: Anchor
Release Date : 2017-02-07
The Perpetual Now written by Michael D. Lemonick and has been published by Anchor this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-02-07 with Science categories.
In the aftermath of a shattering illness, Lonni Sue Johnson lives in a "perpetual now," where she has almost no memories of the past and a nearly complete inability to form new ones. The Perpetual Now is the moving story of this exceptional woman, and the groundbreaking revelations about memory, learning, and consciousness her unique case has uncovered. Lonni Sue Johnson was a renowned artist who regularly produced covers for The New Yorker, a gifted musician, a skilled amateur pilot, and a joyful presence to all who knew her. But in late 2007, she contracted encephalitis. The disease burned through her hippocampus like wildfire, leaving her severely amnesic, living in a present that rarely progresses beyond ten to fifteen minutes. Remarkably, she still retains much of the intellect and artistic skills from her previous life, but it's not at all clear how closely her consciousness resembles yours or mine. As such, Lonni Sue's story has become part of a much larger scientific narrative—one that is currently challenging traditional wisdom about how human memory and awareness are stored in the brain. In this probing, compassionate, and illuminating book, award-winning science journalist Michael D. Lemonick uses the unique drama of Lonni Sue Johnson's day-to-day life to give us a nuanced and intimate understanding of the science that lies at the very heart of human nature.
We Know It When We See It
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Author : Richard Masland
language : en
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
Release Date : 2021-01-07
We Know It When We See It written by Richard Masland and has been published by Simon and Schuster this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-01-07 with Science categories.
Spotting a face in a crowd is so easy, you take it for granted. But how you do it is one of science's great mysteries. Vision is involved in nearly a third of everything a brain does and explaining how it works reveals more than just how we see. It also tells us how the brain processes information – how it perceives, learns and remembers. In We Know It When We See It, pioneering neuroscientist Richard Masland covers everything from what happens when light hits your retina, to the increasingly sophisticated nerve nets that turn that light into knowledge, to what a computer algorithm must be able to do before it can truly be called ‘intelligent’. It is a profound yet accessible investigation into how our bodies make sense of the world.
Calatoria Mintii
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Author : Ogi Ogas
language : ro
Publisher: Humanitas SA
Release Date : 2025-01-27
Calatoria Mintii written by Ogi Ogas and has been published by Humanitas SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-01-27 with Science categories.
Traducere de Walter Fotescu De ce existăm? Cum s-au transformat atomii și moleculele în creaturi conștiente care simt durere, regrete și compasiune sau care se minunează de propria existență? Ce înseamnă cu adevărat să ai minte, să gândești? Până acum, știința a oferit puține răspunsuri la aceste întrebări existențiale. Călătoria minții este prima carte care oferă o expunere unificată a minții și care explică în ce fel conștiința, limbajul, identitatea personală și civilizația au apărut treptat din haos. Călătoria începe cu trei miliarde de ani în urmă, odată cu apariția celei mai simple minți posibile din univers, și ajunge, trecând prin forme de viață tot mai complexe, la conștiința noastră și la supermintea manifestată la nivelul civilizației globale. Accesibilă și antrenantă, cartea lui Ogi Ogas și Sai Gaddam este o remarcabilă explorare a evoluției minții, care ne dă ocazia de a înțelege în profunzime complexitatea și unicitatea inteligenței noastre. „Un argument fascinant în favoarea conexiunii ascunse a tuturor minților, de la bacteriile primitive la inteligența omului… Limbajul folosit de autori este captivant… Plină de explicații edificatoare și surprinzătoare, această carte oferă o perspectivă originală asupra gândirii și conștiinței.“ — Kirkus Reviews „Această carte captivantă prezintă un salt cuantic de la universul prebiotic la conștiință și identitate personală. Autorii reușesc să facă acest lucru într-un mod care dezvăluie adevăruri simple, ce demitizează conștiința fără a-i diminua măreția. Călătoria minții e o carte accesibilă, eclectică și revelatoare.“ — Karl Friston, University College London
Popular Photography
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1982-01
Popular Photography written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982-01 with categories.