Validation Of Traffic Simulation Model Output For Work Zone And Mobile Source Emissions Modeling And Integration With Human In The Loop Driving Simulators
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Validation Of Traffic Simulation Model Output For Work Zone And Mobile Source Emissions Modeling And Integration With Human In The Loop Driving Simulators
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Author : Shauna L. Hallmark
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Validation Of Traffic Simulation Model Output For Work Zone And Mobile Source Emissions Modeling And Integration With Human In The Loop Driving Simulators written by Shauna L. Hallmark and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Automobile driving simulators categories.
"The next generation motor vehicle emission rate model used in the US, the United States Environmental Protection Agency's Motor Vehicle Emmission Simulator (MOVES), requires second-by-second vehicle data in order to fully utilize model capabilities. However, field data collection of this type of data is resource intensive and frequently not realistic for local agencies. Some microsimulation models have the capability of outputting instantaneous speed and acceleration, which can be used in MOVES. With these capabilities, microsimulation offers a valuable tool to conduct analysis requiring a large number of data. ... Two case studies were used to assess the utility of the microsimulation model, Vissim, in developing output that can be used as input to MOVES. In one scenario, drivers were selected to drive an instrumented test vehicle along a test corridor. In another scenario, five drivers drove through a roundabout in the University of Iowa national Advanced Driving Simulator (NADS). Models for each scenario were also developed in Vissim. Model output was compared to field collected speed/acceleration profile data to assess the accuracy of microsimulation models in providing realistic estimates of vehicle activity as input to MOVES. Results were summarized to demonstrate the applicability of linking microsimulated vehicle activity data with emissions models to better estimate the emission impacts of different transportation strategies" (page vii).
Next Generation Transportation Simulation And Modeling Tools
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Author : Shan Huang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Next Generation Transportation Simulation And Modeling Tools written by Shan Huang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
The purpose of this doctoral study is to advance the state of the art of the simulation and modeling of transportation systems by addressing some of the limitations of state-of-the-practice models such as the inability to deal with large amounts of data in real-time, the aggregate nature of the majority of models, the lack of network realism in driving simulation and human behavior realism in traffic simulation, and finally the inability to evaluate new and emerging Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) applications. Within this broader research area, the work is divided into five tightly-connected research sub-topics. Subtopic 1 aims at developing and validating a novel forecasting paradigm named SPN to forecast traffic data, so as to provide an efficient and effective way for online traffic simulation and modeling. The SPN provides higher predictive accuracy and requires dramatically less processing time compared with existing approaches.^Subtopic 2 develops a large-scale agent-based simulation model and validates it. The research demonstrates the feasibility of regional agent-based simulations while depending upon data readily available. Subtopic 3 proposes a semi-heuristic algorithm for estimating dynamic travel demand for large-scale simulation models. The algorithm manages to match the simulated traffic volumes to field counts while keeping the estimated Origin-Destination (OD) matrices close to the true ones. Subtopic 4 integrates a traffic simulator with a driving simulator to allow for human-in-the-loop simulation. The integrated simulator successfully shows differences in emissions levels among drivers with different years of driving experience. Finally, Subtopic 5 designs and implements an integrated IntelliDrive simulation testbed, and uses this testbed for the simulation and evaluation of an application named intelligent intersection.^The research demonstrates the mobility enhancement and environmental benefits of the application, as well as the advantages of using the testbed to design and evaluate IntelliDrive applications. The aforementioned contributions of this dissertation advance the state of the art in transportation simulation and modeling, broaden the range of transportation issues for which those models and tools can be used to address, and create a vision for a human-oriented, integrated, and intelligent next-generation simulation and modeling system.
Integrating Planning And Operations Models To Predict Work Zone Traffic
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Author : Ayman Smadi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Integrating Planning And Operations Models To Predict Work Zone Traffic written by Ayman Smadi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Highway capacity categories.
The impetus of this research is to meet the growing need for accurate and practical methods to support traffic analysis in work zones. This research examines the application of two classes of traffic analysis models, macroscopic sketch analysis and microscopic traffic simulation, to work zones. The research will evaluate the application of these tools to an urban interstate work zone. Specifically, this research will examine the following: 1) how the use of traffic analysis models relates to federal requirements about considering traffic impacts of major construction projects, 2) the accuracy of model results in comparison to real-world conditions, and 3) modeling effort and data requirements of these models. The primary objectives of this research are as follows: 1) determining the feasibility of applying a traffic analysis model to a work zone environment, 2) calibrating and validating the simulation models based on data collected in the work zone, 3) using the calibrated model to apply various work zone management strategies, and 4) documenting the research findings and lessons learned from the model applications.
Resilient And Sustainable Cyber Transportation Systems
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Author : Yunjie Zhao
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Resilient And Sustainable Cyber Transportation Systems written by Yunjie Zhao and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
To address transportation externalities (e. g. , congestion, accidents, pollution, depletion of energy resources), the concept of Intelligent Transportation Systems, and its latest evolution known as the Connected Vehicles (CV) initiative, has been recently proposed. CVs utilize cyber technologies for sensing, communications and networking, to enable unprecedented levels of connectivity among vehicles, infrastructure and travelers. Besides connectivity, future transportation systems (hereby referred to as Cyber Transportation Systems or CTS) will exhibit high levels of automation that will eventually result in partial and fully autonomous vehicle control. While CTS provide tremendous opportunities for all transportation stakeholders to rethink and redefine how the transportation system works, there is currently an urgent need for next generation modeling platforms to address the design, testing and evaluation of CTS applications. Motivated by such a need, Motivated by such a need, this dissertation was dedicated to the development of three simulation frameworks, including a large-scale agent-based modeling (ABM) traffic simulator, an integrated traffic-emission simulator, and an integrated traffic-driving-network simulator (ITDNS) . Specifically, the large-scale ABM traffic study focuses on modeling a middle-size metropolitan region network from an agent-based perspective. Each individual travel agent has attributes such as its trip origin, destination, travel mode, route choice, driving pattern and so forth. Built upon that, the second phase of that study aimed at capturing riving behavior under inclement weather conditions (specifically snow) and reproducing such an impact in the simulation world. A freeway incident scenario was then considered in order to evaluate the performance of the CTS solution (i.e., the provision of real-time travel and dynamic route guidance information). The evaluations were also escalated to the compounded effect of a freeway incident and inclement weather. Secondly, the integrated traffic and emission model addresses the critical need to conduct project-level emissions analysis. To that end, the dissertation evaluates the performance of different approaches to integrating the emission model MOVES, recently developed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and traffic simulators. Generally, the second-by-second vehicle trajectory output from the traffic simulator could, in principal, be used to define the link drive schedule required to run the project-level MOVES analysis. However, the challenge is that the MOVES model required defining a representative vehicle trajectory for each link, because tracking the emissions for individual vehicles was computationally intractable. The accuracy of two aggregation and one sampling methods are evaluated for both freeway links as well as arterial links, and for both Cellular Automata based traffic micro-simulators and for car-following models. The dissertation also carries out the first attempt to integrating traffic, driving, and communications network simulator, resulting in a unique simulation platform, ITDNS, supporting the design and evaluation of novel CTS and CV solutions. The unique feature which distinguishes ITDNS from other similar models is its ability to address the human factor issue in the design and testing process of CV applications. The study first presents the three major components individually, i.e. the traffic, driving and network simulator and discusses the challenges of integrating these three different types of simulators and how they were addressed. As the demonstration of the simulator capability and advantage of having "human-in-the-loop", an eco-signal case study is conducted. The concept works as follows: the signal timing information is broadcasted to the approaching connected vehicle, so that the intelligent unit in the vehicle could plan the speed to mitigate the excessive acceleration and hard-braking. Other than the intuitive safety benefits, the fuel consumption and emission savings is also observed.
Development And Evaluation Of A Calibration And Validation Procedure For Microscopic Simulation Models
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Author : Brian Park
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Development And Evaluation Of A Calibration And Validation Procedure For Microscopic Simulation Models written by Brian Park and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Computer programs categories.
Microscopic traffic simulation models have been widely accepted and applied in transportation engineering and planning practice for the past decades because simulation is cost-effective, safe, and fast. To achieve high fidelity and credibility for a traffic simulation model, calibration and validation are of utmost importance. Most calibration efforts reported in the literature have focused on the informal practice with a specific simulation model, but seldom did they propose a systematic procedure or guideline for simulation model calibration and validation. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a procedure for microscopic simulation model calibration and validation. Three widely used microscopic traffic simulation models, VISSIM, PARAMICS, and CORSIM, were selected for model review and practice of model calibration and validation. The validity of the proposed procedure was evaluated and demonstrated via two case studies including an actuated signalized intersection and a 5-mile freeway segment with a lane-closure work zone. The simulation results were compared against the field data to determine the performance of the calibrated models. The proposed procedure yielded acceptable results for all applications, thus confirming that it was effective for the different networks and simulation models used in the study. Although the calibrated parameters generated the performance measures that were representative of the field conditions, the simulation results of the default parameters were significantly different from the field data.
Replication Of Freeway Work Zone Capacity Values In A Microscopic Simulation Model
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Author : Indrajit Chatterjee
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Replication Of Freeway Work Zone Capacity Values In A Microscopic Simulation Model written by Indrajit Chatterjee and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Electronic dissertations categories.
Evaluating the traffic impacts of work zones is vital for any transportation agency for planning and scheduling work activity. Traffic impacts can be accurately estimated using microscopic simulation models due to their ability to simulate individual vehicles and their interactions that can have a strong impact on various performance measures such as capacity, queue length, and travel delays. One challenge in using these simulation models is obtaining the desired work zone capacity values which tend to vary from one state to another. Thus, the default parameter values in the model which are suitable for normal traffic conditions are unsuitable for work zone conditions let alone for conditions specific to particular states. A few studies have been conducted on parameter selection to obtain the desired capacity values. However, none of these studies have provided a convenient look-up table (or a chart) for the parameter values that will replicate the field observed capacities. Without such provision it has not been possible for state agencies to utilize many of the research recommendations. This research provides the practitioner a simple method for choosing appropriate values of driving behavior parameters in the VISSIM micro-simulation model to match the desired field capacity for work zones operating in a typical early merge system.
Improving Traffic Simulation Models And Emissions Models Using On Board Vehicle Dynamics Data
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Author : Eric Daniel Jackson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Improving Traffic Simulation Models And Emissions Models Using On Board Vehicle Dynamics Data written by Eric Daniel Jackson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
Traffic Simulation And Data
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Author : Winnie Daamen
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2017-03-29
Traffic Simulation And Data written by Winnie Daamen and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-29 with categories.
A single source of information for researchers and professionals, Traffic Simulation and Data: Validation Methods and Applications offers a complete overview of traffic data collection, state estimation, calibration and validation for traffic modelling and simulation. It derives from the Multitude Project�a European Cost Action project that incorporates work packages defining traffic simulation practice and research; highway and network modeling; and synthesis, dissemination, and training. This book addresses the calibration and validation of traffic models, and introduces necessary frameworks and techniques. It also includes viable methods for sensitivity analyses, and incorporates relevant tools for application. The book begins with a brief summary of various data collection techniques that can be applied to collect different data types. It then showcases various data processing and enhancement techniques for improving the quality of collected data. It also introduces the techniques according to the type of estimation, for example microscopic data enhancement, traffic state estimation, feature extraction and parameter identification techniques, and origin�destination matrix estimation. The material discusses the measures of performance, data error and goodness of fit, and optimization algorithms. It also contains the sensitivity analyses of parameters in traffic models. Describes the various tasks of calibration and validation Considers the best use of available data Presents the sensitivity analysis method Discusses typical issues of data error in transportation system data and how these errors can impact simulation results Details various methodologies for data collection, sensitivity analysis, calibration, and validation Examines benefits that result from the application of these methods Traffic Simulation and Data: Validation Methods and Applications serves as a key resource for transport engineers and planners, researchers, and graduate students in transport engineering and planning.
Mobility And Safety Evaluation Of Integrated Dynamic Merge And Speed Control Strategies In Work Zones
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Author : Syed Muhammad Zaier Abbas Zaidi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Mobility And Safety Evaluation Of Integrated Dynamic Merge And Speed Control Strategies In Work Zones written by Syed Muhammad Zaier Abbas Zaidi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Intelligent transportation systems categories.
In recent years, there has been a considerable increase in the amount of construction work on the U.S. national highways. Most of the work undertaken is the reconstruction and rehabilitation of the existing transportation networks. Work zones in the United States are likely to increase in number, duration and length due to emphasis on repair and highway reconstruction as a significant portion of all federal-aid highway funds are now geared toward highway rehabilitation. The challenge of mobility is particularly acute in work zone areas as road repair and construction intensifies traffic issues and concentrates them in specific locations and at specific times. Due to the capacity drop, which is the result of lane closure in work zone area, congestion will occur with a high traffic demand. The congestion increases number and severity of traffic conflicts which raise the potential for accidents; furthermore traffic operational properties of roadway in work zone area become worse. Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) technologies have been developed and are being deployed to improve the safety and mobility of traffic in and around work zones. In several states in the US, the use of Dynamic Merge Controls also known as Dynamic Lane Merge (DLM) system has been initiated to enhance traffic safety and to improve traffic flow in work zone areas. The DLM usually takes two forms; dynamic early merge and dynamic late merge. The use of variable speed limit (VSL) systems at work zones is also one of those measures. VSL systems improve safety by helping the driver in determining the maximum speed that drivers should travel. Besides adding improvement to safety, they are also expected to improve mobility at the work zones. The main goal of this study is to evaluate the safety and operational effectiveness of the dynamic merge systems i.e. the dynamic early lane merge and dynamic late lane merge, in the presence of VSL system. More specifically, the VISSIM model is utilized to simulate a two-to-one lane configuration when one out of the two lanes in the work zone is closed for traffic. Six different scenarios were adopted to assess the effectiveness of these scenarios under different traffic demand volumes and different drivers' compliance rates to the messages displayed by the systems. These scenarios are; [bullet] Work Zone without VSL and without SDLMS or the current Motorist Awareness System (MAS) [bullet] Work Zone with VSL and without SDLMS [bullet] Work Zone with VSL and Early SDLMS [bullet] Work Zone with VSL and Late SDLMS [bullet] Work Zone with early SDLMS and without VSL [bullet] Work Zone with early SDLMS and without VSL An already calibrated and validated VISSIM model for Simplified Dynamic Lane Merge System (SDLMS) in accordance with the real life work zone was modified with a VSL through Vehicle Actuated Programming (VAP) code. Three different logics were coded each for VSL alone, early SDLMS+VSL and late SDLMS+VSL. All these logics were fine tuned with several test runs before finalizing it for the final simulation. It is found through the simulation of above mentioned scenarios that for low and medium volume levels (V0500, V1000 and V1500), there is no significant difference between the Maintenance of Traffic (MOT) plans for mean throughputs. However, for higher volume levels (V2000 and V2500), late SDLMS with and without VSL produced higher mean throughputs for all compliance rates and truck percentages except when the demand volume was 2,500 vph and compliance of 60%, where it produces the significantly lower mean throughputs. In terms of travel time through the work zone, results indicated that there is no significant difference between MOT types for demand levels of V0500 and V1000 when compliance is 40% or less but for compliance of 60% and more, only demand volume level that is not significantly different from other MOT types is V0500. This study revealed that VSL increases travel time through the work zone. This might be due to non-compliant vehicles that follow the compliant vehicle ahead unless they find a sufficient gap in adjacent lane to pass the compliant vehicle. It is also found out that VSL makes the system safer at higher volumes (2,000 vph and 2,500 vph). This was observed through safety surrogate measures selected for this study. Another outcome of this study is that the addition of VSL to the dynamic merge systems helps in improving the overall safety of the system by lowering speed variances and deceleration means of the vehicles travelling through the work zone. The passage of traffic through the work zone is made safer when a speed control is integrated to a dynamic merge system. It can be inferred from the simulation results that integrated SDLMS and VSL systems have better performance in terms of traffic mobility and safety than existing individual controls and also show that the integrated SDLMS and VSL system has more potential than each individual systems.
The Multi Agent Transport Simulation Matsim
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Author : Andreas Horni
language : en
Publisher: Ubiquity Press
Release Date : 2016-08-10
The Multi Agent Transport Simulation Matsim written by Andreas Horni and has been published by Ubiquity Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-10 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The MATSim (Multi-Agent Transport Simulation) software project was started around 2006 with the goal of generating traffic and congestion patterns by following individual synthetic travelers through their daily or weekly activity programme. It has since then evolved from a collection of stand-alone C++ programs to an integrated Java-based framework which is publicly hosted, open-source available, automatically regression tested. It is currently used by about 40 groups throughout the world. This book takes stock of the current status. The first part of the book gives an introduction to the most important concepts, with the intention of enabling a potential user to set up and run basic simulations. The second part of the book describes how the basic functionality can be extended, for example by adding schedule-based public transit, electric or autonomous cars, paratransit, or within-day replanning. For each extension, the text provides pointers to the additional documentation and to the code base. It is also discussed how people with appropriate Java programming skills can write their own extensions, and plug them into the MATSim core. The project has started from the basic idea that traffic is a consequence of human behavior, and thus humans and their behavior should be the starting point of all modelling, and with the intuition that when simulations with 100 million particles are possible in computational physics, then behavior-oriented simulations with 10 million travelers should be possible in travel behavior research. The initial implementations thus combined concepts from computational physics and complex adaptive systems with concepts from travel behavior research. The third part of the book looks at theoretical concepts that are able to describe important aspects of the simulation system; for example, under certain conditions the code becomes a Monte Carlo engine sampling from a discrete choice model. Another important aspect is the interpretation of the MATSim score as utility in the microeconomic sense, opening up a connection to benefit cost analysis. Finally, the book collects use cases as they have been undertaken with MATSim. All current users of MATSim were invited to submit their work, and many followed with sometimes crisp and short and sometimes longer contributions, always with pointers to additional references. We hope that the book will become an invitation to explore, to build and to extend agent-based modeling of travel behavior from the stable and well tested core of MATSim documented here.