Variations In The Subnational Cost And Affordability Of A Healthy Diet For Selected Countries In Africa
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Variations In The Subnational Cost And Affordability Of A Healthy Diet For Selected Countries In Africa
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Author : Holleman, C.
language : en
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date : 2023-12-15
Variations In The Subnational Cost And Affordability Of A Healthy Diet For Selected Countries In Africa written by Holleman, C. and has been published by Food & Agriculture Org. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-12-15 with Political Science categories.
This background paper to The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2023 presents an innovative analysis of within-country variability of the cost and affordability of a healthy diet (CoAHD). The study uses an innovative spatial perspective by analysing the changes along the urban–rural catchment areas (URCA) and using the Living Standards Measurement Studies (LSMS) of 11 African countries. The results show that the cost of a healthy diet in peri-urban areas is lower than it is in urban areas, but the percentage of the population unable to afford a healthy diet is always higher in the surroundings of urban centres. The gap is particularly large between small cities and their surrounding areas, and the share of population unable to secure a healthy diet is disproportionally high in the more remote rural areas. The paper also investigates three methodological issues that were encountered during the analysis to provide evidence on the validity of the FAO Healthy Diet Basket (HDB) methodology for the estimation of subnational cost and affordability of a healthy diet.
The State Of Food Security And Nutrition In The World 2023
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Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
language : en
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date : 2023-07-12
The State Of Food Security And Nutrition In The World 2023 written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and has been published by Food & Agriculture Org. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-07-12 with Political Science categories.
This report provides an update on global progress towards the targets of ending hunger (SDG Target 2.1) and all forms of malnutrition (SDG Target 2.2) and estimates on the number of people who are unable to afford a healthy diet. Since its 2017 edition, this report has repeatedly highlighted that the intensification and interaction of conflict, climate extremes and economic slowdowns and downturns, combined with highly unaffordable nutritious foods and growing inequality, are pushing us off track to meet the SDG 2 targets. However, other important megatrends must also be factored into the analysis to fully understand the challenges and opportunities for meeting the SDG 2 targets. One such megatrend, and the focus of this year’s report, is urbanization. New evidence shows that food purchases in some countries are no longer high only among urban households but also among rural households. Consumption of highly processed foods is also increasing in peri-urban and rural areas of some countries. These changes are affecting people’s food security and nutrition in ways that differ depending on where they live across the rural–urban continuum. This timely and relevant theme is aligned with the United Nations General Assembly-endorsed New Urban Agenda, and the report provides recommendations on the policies, investments and actions needed to address the challenges of agrifood systems transformation under urbanization and to enable opportunities for ensuring access to affordable healthy diets for everyone.
Cost And Affordability Of Healthy Diets Across And Within Countries
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Author : Herforth, A., Bai, Y., Venkat, A., Mahrt, K., Ebel, A. & Masters, W.A.
language : en
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date : 2020-12-12
Cost And Affordability Of Healthy Diets Across And Within Countries written by Herforth, A., Bai, Y., Venkat, A., Mahrt, K., Ebel, A. & Masters, W.A. and has been published by Food & Agriculture Org. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-12 with Business & Economics categories.
Price and affordability are key barriers to accessing sufficient, safe, nutritious food to meet dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. In this study, the least-cost items available in local markets are identified to estimate the cost of three diet types: energy sufficient, nutrient adequate, and healthy (meeting food-based dietary guidelines). For price and availability the World Bank’s International Comparison Program (ICP) dataset is used, which provides food prices in local currency units (LCU) for 680 foods and non-alcoholic beverages in 170 countries in 2017. In addition, country case studies are developed with national food price datasets in United Republic of Tanzania, Malawi, Ethiopia, Ghana and Myanmar. The findings reveal that healthy diets by any definition are far more expensive than the entire international poverty line of USD 1.90, let alone the upper bound portion of the poverty line that can credibly be reserved for food of USD 1.20. The cost of healthy diets exceeds food expenditures in most countries in the Global South. The findings suggest that nutrition education and behaviour change alone will not substantially improve dietary consumption where nutrient adequate and healthy diets, even in their cheapest form, are unaffordable for the majority of the poor. To make healthy diets cheaper, agricultural policies, research, and development need to shift toward a diversity of nutritious foods.
The State Of Food Security And Nutrition In The World 2020
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Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
language : en
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date : 2020-07-01
The State Of Food Security And Nutrition In The World 2020 written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and has been published by Food & Agriculture Org. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-01 with Political Science categories.
Updates for many countries have made it possible to estimate hunger in the world with greater accuracy this year. In particular, newly accessible data enabled the revision of the entire series of undernourishment estimates for China back to 2000, resulting in a substantial downward shift of the series of the number of undernourished in the world. Nevertheless, the revision confirms the trend reported in past editions: the number of people affected by hunger globally has been slowly on the rise since 2014. The report also shows that the burden of malnutrition in all its forms continues to be a challenge. There has been some progress for child stunting, low birthweight and exclusive breastfeeding, but at a pace that is still too slow. Childhood overweight is not improving and adult obesity is on the rise in all regions. The report complements the usual assessment of food security and nutrition with projections of what the world may look like in 2030, if trends of the last decade continue. Projections show that the world is not on track to achieve Zero Hunger by 2030 and, despite some progress, most indicators are also not on track to meet global nutrition targets. The food security and nutritional status of the most vulnerable population groups is likely to deteriorate further due to the health and socio economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. The report puts a spotlight on diet quality as a critical link between food security and nutrition. Meeting SDG 2 targets will only be possible if people have enough food to eat and if what they are eating is nutritious and affordable. The report also introduces new analysis of the cost and affordability of healthy diets around the world, by region and in different development contexts. It presents valuations of the health and climate-change costs associated with current food consumption patterns, as well as the potential cost savings if food consumption patterns were to shift towards healthy diets that include sustainability considerations. The report then concludes with a discussion of the policies and strategies to transform food systems to ensure affordable healthy diets, as part of the required efforts to end both hunger and all forms of malnutrition.
L Tat De La S Curit Alimentaire Et De La Nutrition Dans Le Monde 2023
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Author : Organisation des Nations Unies pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture
language : fr
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date : 2023-10-23
L Tat De La S Curit Alimentaire Et De La Nutrition Dans Le Monde 2023 written by Organisation des Nations Unies pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture and has been published by Food & Agriculture Org. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-10-23 with Political Science categories.
Ce rapport fait le point sur les progrès accomplis au niveau mondial en direction des objectifs d’éradication de la faim (cible 2.1 des ODD) et d’élimination de la malnutrition sous toutes ses formes (cible 2.2). Il montre que la faim est demeurée relativement stable au niveau mondial entre 2021 et 2022, mais qu’elle se maintient largement au-dessus du niveau enregistré avant la pandémie de covid-19, et même qu’elle augmente dans de nombreuses régions où les populations n’ont pas encore pu compenser les pertes de revenus occasionnées par la pandémie, ou ont été durement touchées par la flambée des prix des denrées alimentaires, des intrants agricoles et de l’énergie, par des conflits et/ou par des phénomènes météorologiques extrêmes. Le rapport donne également des estimations actualisées concernant les milliards de personnes qui n’ont pas accès toute l’année à une alimentation nutritive, sans danger pour la santé et en quantité suffisante. Il fait apparaître que, dans l’ensemble, nous sommes bien mal engagés pour atteindre l’ensemble des cibles liées à la nutrition. Si des progrès sont observés en ce qui concerne d’importants indicateurs de la nutrition infantile, l’augmentation du taux d’excès pondéral constatée chez les enfants de moins de 5 ans dans de nombreux pays laisse présager un accroissement de la charge des maladies non transmissibles. L’urbanisation progresse dans de nombreux pays et ce rapport montre qu’elle modifie les systèmes agroalimentaires d’une façon qu’il n’est plus possible d’appréhender sous l’angle de la simple dichotomie entre milieu rural et milieu urbain. L’évolution des agglomérations tout le long du continuum rural-urbain et la fonction d’interface que celles-ci exercent en tant que lieux d’échange et d’interactions socioéconomiques modifient les systèmes agroalimentaires et sont modifiées par eux, ce qui n’est pas sans conséquences pour la disponibilité et l’accessibilité économique des aliments sains, et donc pour la sécurité alimentaire et la nutrition. De nouvelles données indiquent que, dans certains pays, ce ne sont plus seulement les ménages urbains mais aussi les ménages ruraux qui achètent une part élevée des aliments qu’ils consomment. Dans plusieurs pays, la consommation d’aliments hautement transformés augmente également dans les zones périurbaines et les zones rurales. Les effets de ces changements sur la sécurité alimentaire et la nutrition des individus diffèrent selon l’endroit où ceux-ci vivent le long du continuum rural-urbain.
2023
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Author : Продовольственной и сельскохозяйственной организации Объединенных Наций
language : ru
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date : 2023-10-23
2023 written by Продовольственной и сельскохозяйственной организации Объединенных Наций and has been published by Food & Agriculture Org. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-10-23 with Health & Fitness categories.
В настоящем докладе представлена обновленная информация о прогрессе в решении задач по ликвидации голода и всех форм неполноценного питания (задачи 2.1 и 2.2 ЦУР). В нем показано, что в 2021–2022 годах масштабы голода в мире практически не менялись, но остаются гораздо более высокими, чем до пандемии COVID-19, а во многих регионах мира, где население до сих пор не восстановило утраченные после пандемии доходы или пострадало от роста цен на продовольствие, средства сельскохозяйственного производства и электроэнергию или от экстремальных климатических явлений, проблема голода усугубляется. Кроме того, в докладе представлены актуальные данные о миллиардах людей, не имеющих круглогодичного доступа к достаточным объемам питательной и безопасной пищи. В целом приведенная в докладе информация свидетельствует о том, что работа по выполнению всех задач в области питания ведется со значительным отставанием. С одной стороны, достигнут прогресс в выполнении основополагающих показателей питания детей, но с другой – во многих странах растет распространенность избыточного веса у детей в возрасте до пяти лет, что создает риск нарастания бремени неинфекционных заболеваний. Она развивается во многих странах, и, как показано в этом издании, анализа с простым разделением районов на сельские и городские уже недостаточно, чтобы узнать, как она меняет агропродовольственные системы. Изменение характера концентрации населения в сельско-городском континууме и изменение его структуры как места обмена и социально-экономического взаимодействия создает предпосылки для перестройки агропродовольственных систем, которая дает толчок к дальнейшим изменениям в континууме, что влияет на физическую и экономическую доступность здорового рациона и, следовательно, на положение дел в области продовольственной безопасности и питания. Согласно новым данным, в ряде стран покупные продукты составляют значительную долю в объеме продовольствия, потребляемого не только городскими, но и сельскими домохозяйствами. Кроме того, в пригородных и сельских районах ряда стран потребляется все больше продуктов с высокой степенью переработки. Влияние таких изменений на продовольственную безопасность и питание людей варьирует в зависимости от того, в каком сегменте сельско-городского континуума они живут.
El Estado De La Seguridad Alimentaria Y La Nutrici N En El Mundo 2023
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Author : Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación
language : es
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date : 2023-10-23
El Estado De La Seguridad Alimentaria Y La Nutrici N En El Mundo 2023 written by Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación and has been published by Food & Agriculture Org. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-10-23 with Political Science categories.
En esta publicación se presenta información actualizada acerca de los progresos mundiales hacia las metas relativas a la erradicación del hambre (meta 2.1 de los ODS) y la malnutrición en todas sus formas (meta 2.2 de los ODS). En el presente informe se muestra que el hambre a nivel mundial se mantuvo relativamente sin variaciones entre 2021 y 2022, pero sigue estando muy por encima de los niveles anteriores a la pandemia de la COVID-19 y también está aumentando en muchos lugares donde las personas todavía luchan por recuperar las pérdidas de ingresos sufridas a raíz de la pandemia o bien han resultado afectadas por el aumento de los precios de los alimentos, los insumos agrícolas y la energía, y los conflictos y los fenómenos climáticos extremos. En este informe también se ofrecen estimaciones actualizadas sobre los miles de millones de personas que no se pueden permitir alimentos nutritivos, inocuos y suficientes durante todo el año. En conjunto, se muestra que estamos muy lejos de cumplir todas las metas de nutrición. Si bien se ponen de manifiesto progresos en relación con importantes indicadores de la nutrición infantil, el aumento del sobrepeso y la obesidad en los niños y niñas menores de cinco años de edad en muchos países presagia crecientes cargas de enfermedades no transmisibles. La urbanización está aumentando en muchos países y en este informe se muestra que está cambiando los sistemas agroalimentarios de formas que ya no podemos entender si consideramos las zonas rurales y las zonas urbanas separadamente. La pauta cambiante de las aglomeraciones de población en el continuo rural-urbano y su interfaz como lugar de intercambio e interacciones socioeconómicas está remodelando los sistemas agroalimentarios, y a su vez, está siendo remodelada por estos, lo que tiene implicaciones sobre la disponibilidad y asequibilidad de las dietas saludables y, por ende, sobre la seguridad alimentaria y la nutrición. Nuevos datos demuestran que, en algunos países, la compra de alimentos ya no es elevada solo en los hogares urbanos, sino también en los rurales. El consumo de alimentos altamente procesados también está aumentando en las zonas periurbanas y rurales de algunos países. Estos cambios están afectando a la seguridad alimentaria y a la nutrición de las personas de maneras que difieren en función del lugar donde viven en el continuo rural-urbano.
2023
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Author : منظمة الأغذية والزراعة للأمم المتحدة
language : ar
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date : 2023-10-23
2023 written by منظمة الأغذية والزراعة للأمم المتحدة and has been published by Food & Agriculture Org. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-10-23 with Health & Fitness categories.
يقدم هذا التقرير معلومات محدثة عن التقدم العالمي المحرز نحو تحقيق مقصدي القضاء على الجوع (المقصد 2-1 من أهداف التنمية المستدامة) والقضاء على جميع أشكال سوء التغذية (المقصد 2-2 من أهداف التنمية المستدامة). ويُظهر أن الجوع على المستوى العالمي ظل مستقرًا نسبيًا لم بين عامي 2021 و2022، ولكنه لا يزال أعلى بكثير من مستويات ما قبل جائحة كوفيد-19، كما أنه يرتفع أيضًا في العديد من الأماكن حيث لا يزال الناس يكافحون لاسترداد خسائر الدخل في أعقاب الجائحة أو أنهم تأثروا بزيادة أسعار الأغذية، والمدخلات الزراعية والطاقة، والنزاعات و/أو الظواهر المناخية المتطرفة. ويقدم التقرير أيضًا تقديرات محدثة لمليارات من الأشخاص غير القادرين على الحصول على أغذية مغذية وآمنة وكافية على مدار السنة. وبشكل عام، يُظهر التقرير أننا بعيدين عن المسار الصحيح لتحقيق جميع أهداف التغذية. وبينما تَبيّن تحقيق تقدم في المؤشرات المهمة لتغذية الأطفال، يُنذر تنامي الوزن الزائد والسمنة في العديد من البلدان بتزايد أعباء الأمراض غير المعدية. ويتزايد التوسع الحضري في العديد من البلدان، ويظهر هذا التقرير أنه يغير النظم الزراعية والغذائية بطرق لم يعد بإمكاننا فهمها ببساطة باستخدام الانقسام بين المناطق الحضرية والريفية. ويعيد النمط المتغير للتجمعات السكانية عبر التسلسل الريفي الحضري المتصل وواجهتها كمكان للتبادل والتفاعلات الاجتماعية والاقتصادية، تشكيل النظم الزراعية والغذائية، كما يعاد تشكيله من خلالها، مع ما يترتب على ذلك من آثار على توافر الأنماط الغذائية الصحية والقدرة على تحمل كلفتها، وبالتالي على الأمن الغذائي والتغذية. وتظهر أدلة جديدة أن مشتريات الأغذية في بعض البلدان لم تعد مرتفعة فقط بين الأسر التي تعيش في المناطق الحضرية ولكن أيضًا بين الأسر التي تعيش في المناطق الريفية. كما أن استهلاك الأغذية العالية التجهيز آخذ في الازدياد في المناطق شبه الحضرية والريفية في بعض البلدان. وتؤثر هذه التغييرات على أمن الأشخاص الغذائي وتغذيتهم بطرق تختلف بحسب المكان الذي يعيشون فيه عبر التسلسل الريفي الحضري المتصل.
The State Of Food Security And Nutrition In The World 2021
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Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
language : en
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date : 2021-07-12
The State Of Food Security And Nutrition In The World 2021 written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and has been published by Food & Agriculture Org. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-07-12 with Technology & Engineering categories.
In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation. To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world. In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms.
Regional Overview Of Food Security And Nutrition In Europe And Central Asia 2020
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Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
language : en
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date : 2021-05-12
Regional Overview Of Food Security And Nutrition In Europe And Central Asia 2020 written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and has been published by Food & Agriculture Org. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-05-12 with Health & Fitness categories.
This report consists of two main sections: 1) a situation analysis of Sustainable Development Goal 2 Target 2.1 (to end hunger and ensure access to food by all) and Target 2.2 (to end all forms of malnutrition) and analyses of the diets of children and of current food consumption patterns relative to dietary guidelines; and 2) a special look at the cost and affordability of healthy diets in Europe and Central Asia. The new estimates confirm that the prevalence of hunger at chronic or severe levels is relatively low in the ECA region. However, the prevalence of food insecurity at moderate or severe levels can be quite high. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic continues to add people to the ranks of the food insecure. The ECA region is making progress overall in reducing malnutrition, but it is not on track regarding childhood overweight, adult obesity, anaemia and exclusive breastfeeding. Healthy diets protect against the effects of malnutrition, in all its forms, and promote better health.This report shows that healthy diets cost, on average, five times more than diets that meet only dietary energy needs, making them unaffordable for many people throughout the region. To increase the affordability of healthy diets, the costs of nutritious foods must be lowered. This report also shows that hidden costs are much lower with healthy diets than with current consumption patterns, meaning that adopting healthy diet alternatives could lead to large cost savings.