Virulence And Gene Regulation

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Virulence And Gene Regulation

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Author : Juan-Luis Ramos
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2004-06-17

Virulence And Gene Regulation written by Juan-Luis Ramos and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-06-17 with Science categories.

Pseudomonas comprises three volumes covering the biology of pseudomonads in a wide context, including the niches they inhabit, the taxonomic relations among members of this group, the molecular biology of gene expression in different niches and under different environmental conditions, the analysis of virulence traits in plants, animals and human pathogens as well as the determinants that make some strains useful for biotechnological applications and promotion of plant growth. There has been growing interest in pseudomonads and a particular urge to understand the biology underlying the complex metabolism of these ubiquitous microbes. These bacteria are capable of colonizing a wide range of niches, including the soil, the plant rhizosphere and phylosphere, and animal tissues; more recently they have attracted attention because of their capacity to form biofilms, a characteristic with potentially important medical and environmental implications. The three volumes cover the following topics: - Taxonomy, - Genomics, - Life styles, - Cell Architecture, - Virulence, - Regulation, - Macromolecules, - Alternative Respiratory Substrates, - Catabolism and Biotransformations. Pseudomonas will be of use to all researchers working on these bacteria, particularly those studying microbiology, plant crops, pathogenesis, and chemical engineering. Advanced students in biology, medicine and agronomy will also find these three volumes a valuable reference during their studies.

Pseudomonas Virulence And Gene Regulation

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Author : Juan-Luis Ramos
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004

Pseudomonas Virulence And Gene Regulation written by Juan-Luis Ramos and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Pseudomonas categories.

Regulation Of Bacterial Virulence

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Author : Michael L. Vasil
language : en
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology Press
Release Date : 2012-12-05

Regulation Of Bacterial Virulence written by Michael L. Vasil and has been published by American Society for Microbiology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-05 with Science categories.

A comprehensive compendium of scholarly contributions relating to bacterial virulence gene regulation. • Provides insights into global control and the switch between distinct infectious states (e.g., acute vs. chronic). • Considers key issues about the mechanisms of gene regulation relating to: surface factors, exported toxins and export mechanisms. • Reflects on how the regulation of intracellular lifestyles and the response to stress can ultimately have an impact on the outcome of an infection. • Highlights and examines some emerging regulatory mechanisms of special significance. • Serves as an ideal compendium of valuable topics for students, researchers and faculty with interests in how the mechanisms of gene regulation ultimately affect the outcome of an array of bacterial infectious diseases.

Virulence Gene Regulation In Francisella Tularensis

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Author : Anna Brotcke Zumsteg
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008

Virulence Gene Regulation In Francisella Tularensis written by Anna Brotcke Zumsteg and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.

The MglA regulon was identified by comparing the transcriptional profiles of wild-type to mglA mutant bacteria. There are 102 MglA-regulated genes, the majority of which were positively regulated, including all of the FPI genes. Among these, we identified 5 novel MglA-regulated genes that contribute to replication in macrophages and virulence in mice. In addition, our gene expression data suggested that additional F. tularensis regulatory elements were involved in the expression of virulence genes.

Environmental Regulation Of Virulence Gene Expression In Staphylococcus Aureus

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Author : Jeremy M. Yarwood
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002

Environmental Regulation Of Virulence Gene Expression In Staphylococcus Aureus written by Jeremy M. Yarwood and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Gene expression categories.

Computational Modeling Of Virulence Genes Expression

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Author : Shiny Martis Badiadka
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020

Computational Modeling Of Virulence Genes Expression written by Shiny Martis Badiadka and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.

Plant pathogens are a major threat to food security all around the world. Virulence genes enable the pathogens to disease the host and pose threats. We study and computationally model the expression of virulence in pathogens. The pel genes, a major virulence factor in pectinolytic bacteria which infect plants and cause soft rot disease. The Pel enzymes released by the pathogen result in the maceration of tissue in crops and facilitate pathogenesis. We model the pel genes in our model organism Dickeya dadantii. We study pelD/E genes which encode proteins with similar enzymatic activities, but also share the same set of transcriptional regulators, thus raising the question of the benefit of this duplication and the specific role of these two genes. We model their expression with respect to the KdgR repressor and CRP activator. We develop a quantitative dynamic kinetic model of this process that reproduces the observed behavior of the two genes and explains their specific role in the infection. The regulatory part of the model is based on experimental values, and fitted kinetic parameters are subjected to systematic evaluation. The model is robust and has multiple applications for studying the pathogenesis of pectinolytic bacteria. In addition, we explore the instance of carbon catabolite repression observed during the regulation of virulence genes Dickeya dadantii. The novel antibiotic seconeolitsin is characterized in the gram negative model organism Dickeya dadantii. Growth kinetics and MIC studies are carried out. The variations in the level of supercoiling in the presence of seconeolitsin and novobiocin are quantified and analyzed. The effect of supercoiling on the expression of genes, especially the pelE gene is studied using the novel antibiotic seconeolitsin. The study explores the role of supercoiling as a gene regulator.

Bacterial Pathogenesis Part C Identification Regulation And Function Of Virulence Factors

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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2002-12-05

Bacterial Pathogenesis Part C Identification Regulation And Function Of Virulence Factors written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-12-05 with Science categories.

The critically acclaimed laboratory standard for more than forty years, Methods in Enzymology is one of the most highly respected publications in the field of biochemistry. Since 1955, each volume has been eagerly awaited, frequently consulted, and praised by researchers and reviewers alike. Now with more than 300 volumes (all of them still in print), the series contains much material still relevant today truly an essential publication for researchers in all fields of life sciences. Key Features * Presents alternatives to mammalian model systems * Discusses virulence and essential gene identification * Defines global gene expression

Examining Mechanisms Of Virulence Gene Regulation And The Early Host Interactions In Francisella Tularenisis

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Author : Matthew Leon Faron
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014

Examining Mechanisms Of Virulence Gene Regulation And The Early Host Interactions In Francisella Tularenisis written by Matthew Leon Faron and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Alveolitis categories.

Francisella tularensis is a facultative intracellular pathogen and is the etiological agent of tularemia. One key aspect to the success of Francisella as a pathogen is ability of the organism to establish infection with a low inoculum, as few as 10 colony forming units (cfu). Essential to this process is the Francisella pathogenicity island (FPI). Several studies have been performed to understand how the FPI is regulated; however, the working model is not complete, as the signals important for regulation are unknown. Additionally, the mechanisms of the proteins MigR, TrmE, and CphA, which are important for activation of the FPI, are unknown. I initiated the study of this regulatory system by measuring the ability of various cellular stresses to activate an iglA-lacZ reporter. I identified that amino acid starvation and growth in basic pH activated expression of the reporter in both LVS and Schu S4. By combining these two stresses I was able to induce iglA-lacZ reporter expression in an additive manner. As it was previously demonstrated that ppGpp is important for stabilization of the regulatory complex that transcribes FPI genes, I demonstrated by TLC that both amino acid starvation and basic pH effected iglA-lacZ expression by increasing ppGpp. Due to the importance of ppGpp in FPI expression and because MigR, TrmE, and CphA each appear to be involved in a metabolic process: fatty acid metabolism (migR) t-RNA modification (trmE) and amino acid storage (cphA), I had hypothesized that the effect on these mutations were due to decreased levels of the small alarmone ppGpp. I compared ppGpp accumulation of LVS mutants in migR, trmE, and cphA to the parent strain and observed that loss of these genes resulted in reduced ppGpp. To better understand the importance of ppGpp synthesis in F. tularensis pathogenesis, I compared the phenotypes of these strains in primary human macrophages and two immortalized epithelial cell lines. These experiments demonstrated that although each of these strains had reduced ppGpp, there were cell line specific growth phenotypes. Mice infected with these strains survived suggesting tight regulation of the FPI is required for virulence. When similar mutations were characterized in the Schu S4 background these mutations retained their regulatory role; however, mutation of migR did not significantly decrease virulence in mice. As my data demonstrated that there are different challenges that Francisella must overcome to successfully replicate within cells, I developed an in vitro model to study the interactions of F. tularensis with human alveolar type II cells (AT-II). Interestingly, Schu S4 internalizes and replicates in these recently immortalized human AT-II cells whereas, LVS internalizes, but replicates poorly within these cells. Finally, to better understand the role of AT-II cells in vivo, I performed Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) of infected mice. These data confirmed that Schu S4 infected both alveolar macrophages and AT-II cells. Together, this work contributes to the understanding of how Francisella adapts to various environments by modulating virulence gene expression and highlights differences between virulent Schu S4 and LVS, which may partially contribute to virulence differences observed between strains.

Regulation Of Virulence Gene Transcripts By The Francisella Orphan Response Regulator Pmra

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Author : Brian Len Bell
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009

Regulation Of Virulence Gene Transcripts By The Francisella Orphan Response Regulator Pmra written by Brian Len Bell and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.

Abstract: Francisella tularensis subspecies tularensis is the etiologic agent of tularemia and has been designated a category A biothreat agent by the CDC. Tularemia is characterized by replication and dissemination within host phagocytes. Intramacrophage growth is dependent upon the regulation of Francisella Pathogenicity Island (FPI) virulence genes, which is poorly understood. Two-component regulatory systems (TCS) are widely employed by Gram negative bacteria to monitor and respond to environmental signals. Virulent strains of F. tularensis are devoid of classical, tandemnly arranged TCS, but orphaned members, such as the response regulator PmrA, have been identified. In the F. novicida model system, previous work has shown that a pmrA mutant is deficient for intramacrophage growth and is avirulent in the mouse model. Here we determine that phosphorylation aids PmrA binding to regulated promoters pmrA and the FPI encoded pdpD, and KdpD is the histidine kinase primarily responsible for phosphorylation of PmrA at the aspartic acid at position 51 (D51). A strain expressing PmrA D51A retains some DNA binding but exhibits reduced expression of the PmrA-regulon, is deficient for intramacrophage replication and is attenuated in the mouse model. PmrA co-precipitates with the FPI transcription factors MglA and SspA, which bind RNA polymerase. Together this data suggests a model of Francisella gene regulation that includes a TCS consisting of KdpD and PmrA. Once phosphorylated, PmrA binds to regulated gene promoters recruiting free or RNA polymerase bound MglA and SspA to initiate FPI gene transcription.

Prokaryotic Gene Expression

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Author : Simon Baumberg
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 1999-05-27

Prokaryotic Gene Expression written by Simon Baumberg and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-05-27 with Science categories.

Prokaryotic gene expression is not only of theoretical interest but also of highly practical significance. It has implications for other biological problems, such as developmental biology and cancer, brings insights into genetic engineering and expression systems, and has consequences for important aspects of applied research. For example, the molecular basis of bacterial pathogenicity has implications for new antibiotics and in crop development. Prokaryotic Gene Expression is a major review of the subject, providing up-to-date coverage as well as numerous insights by the prestigious authors. Topics covered include operons; protein recognition of sequence specific DNA- and RNA-binding sites; promoters; sigma factors, and variant tRNA polymerases; repressors and activators; post-transcriptional control and attenuation; ribonuclease activity, mRNA stability, and translational repression; prokaryotic DNA topology, topoisomerases, and gene expression; regulatory networks, regulatory cascades and signal transduction; phosphotransfer reactions; switch systems, transcriptional and translational modulation, methylation, and recombination mechanisms; pathogenicity, toxin regulation and virulence determinants; sporulation and genetic regulation of antibiotic production; origins of regulatory molecules, selective pressures and evolution of prokaryotic regulatory mechanisms systems. Over 1100 references to the primary literature are cited. Prokaryotic Gene Expression is a comprehensive and authoritative review of current knowledge and research in the area. It is essential reading for postgraduates and researchers in the field. Advanced undergraduates in biochemistry, molecular biology, and microbiology will also find this book useful.