Whys And Hows In Uncertainty Modelling
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Whys And Hows In Uncertainty Modelling
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Author : Isaac Elishakoff
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-05-04
Whys And Hows In Uncertainty Modelling written by Isaac Elishakoff and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-04 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book presents, as a single package, three semingly contradictory and often competitive approaches to deal with ever present uncertainty in science and engineering. The book describes, as a unique view, probabilistic, fuzzy sets based and antioptimization based approaches, in order to remedy the present "tower ob Babel” situation, in which researchers in competing fields do not communicate. Integrative approach will attract scientists and engineers alike and provide a strong impetus towards integrative, hybrid approaches.
Analyzing Uncertainty In Civil Engineering
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Author : Wolfgang Fellin
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2005-12-19
Analyzing Uncertainty In Civil Engineering written by Wolfgang Fellin and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-12-19 with Science categories.
This volume addresses the issue of uncertainty in civil engineering from design to construction. Failures do occur in practice. Attributing them to a residual system risk or a faulty execution of the project does not properly cover the range of causes. A closer scrutiny of the adopted design, the engineering model, the data, the soil-construction-interaction and the model assumptions is required. Usually, the uncertainties in initial and boundary conditions are abundant. Current engineering practice often leaves these issues aside, despite the fact that new scientific tools have been developed in the past decades that allow a rational description of uncertainties of all kinds, from model uncertainty to data uncertainty. It is the aim of this volume to have a critical look at current engineering risk concepts in order to raise awareness of uncertainty in numerical computations, shortcomings of a strictly probabilistic safety concept, geotechnical models of failure mechanisms and their implications for construction management, execution, and the juristic question of responsibility. In addition, a number of the new procedures for modelling uncertainty are explained. The book is a result of a collaborate effort of mathematicians, engineers and construction managers who met regularly in a post graduate seminar at the University of Innsbruck during the past years.
Branching And Rooting Out With A Ct Scanner The Why The How And The Outcomes Present And Possibly Future
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Author : Pierre Dutilleul
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-04-13
Branching And Rooting Out With A Ct Scanner The Why The How And The Outcomes Present And Possibly Future written by Pierre Dutilleul and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-13 with categories.
Until recently, a majority of the applications of X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanning in plant sciences remained descriptive; some included a quantification of the plant materials when the root-soil isolation or branch-leaf separation was satisfactory; and a few involved the modeling of plant biology processes or the assessment of treatment or disease effects on plant biomass and structures during growth. In the last decade, repeated CT scanning of the same plants was reported in an increasing number of studies in which moderate doses of X-rays had been used. Besides the general objectives of Frontiers in Plant Science research topics, “Branching and Rooting Out with a CT Scanner” was proposed to meet specific objectives: (i) providing a non-technical update on knowledge about the application of CT scanning technology to plants, starting with the type of CT scanning data collected (CT images vs. CT numbers) and their processing in the graphical and numerical approaches; (ii) drawing the limits of the CT scanning approach, which because it is based on material density can distinguish materials with contrasting or moderately overlapping densities (e.g., branches vs. leaves, roots vs. non-organic soils) but not the others (e.g., roots vs. organic soils); (iii) explaining with a sufficient level of detail the main procedures used for graphical, quantitative and statistical analyses of plant CT scanning data, including fractal complexity measures and statistics appropriate for repeated plant CT scanning, in experiments where the research hypotheses are about biological processes such as light interception by canopies, root disease development and plant growth under stress conditions; (iv) comparing plant CT scanning with an alternative technology that applies to plants, such as the phenomics platforms which target leaf canopies; and (v) providing current and potential users of plant CT scanning with up-to-date information and exhaustive documentation, including clear perspectives and well-defined goals for the future, for them to be even more efficient or most efficient from start in their research work.
Uncertain Input Data Problems And The Worst Scenario Method
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Author : Ivan Hlavacek
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2004-12-09
Uncertain Input Data Problems And The Worst Scenario Method written by Ivan Hlavacek and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-12-09 with Science categories.
This book deals with the impact of uncertainty in input data on the outputs of mathematical models. Uncertain inputs as scalars, tensors, functions, or domain boundaries are considered. In practical terms, material parameters or constitutive laws, for instance, are uncertain, and quantities as local temperature, local mechanical stress, or local displacement are monitored. The goal of the worst scenario method is to extremize the quantity over the set of uncertain input data.A general mathematical scheme of the worst scenario method, including approximation by finite element methods, is presented, and then applied to various state problems modeled by differential equations or variational inequalities: nonlinear heat flow, Timoshenko beam vibration and buckling, plate buckling, contact problems in elasticity and thermoelasticity with and without friction, and various models of plastic deformation, to list some of the topics. Dozens of examples, figures, and tables are included.Although the book concentrates on the mathematical aspects of the subject, a substantial part is written in an accessible style and is devoted to various facets of uncertainty in modeling and to the state of the art techniques proposed to deal with uncertain input data.A chapter on sensitivity analysis and on functional and convex analysis is included for the reader's convenience.·Rigorous theory is established for the treatment of uncertainty in modeling· Uncertainty is considered in complex models based on partial differential equations or variational inequalities · Applications to nonlinear and linear problems with uncertain data are presented in detail: quasilinear steady heat flow, buckling of beams and plates, vibration of beams, frictional contact of bodies, several models of plastic deformation, and more ·Although emphasis is put on theoretical analysis and approximation techniques, numerical examples are also present·Main ideas and approaches used today to handle uncertainties in modeling are described in an accessible form·Fairly self-contained book
Safety Factors And Reliability Friends Or Foes
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Author : Isaac Elishakoff
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2004-08-10
Safety Factors And Reliability Friends Or Foes written by Isaac Elishakoff and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-08-10 with Science categories.
Have you ever wondered where the safety factors come from? Why is it that deterministic analysis has reached a very sophisticated level, but in the end empirical factors are still needed? Is there a way to select them, rather than assigning them arbitrarily as is often done? This book clearly shows that safety factors are closely related with the reliability of structures, giving yet another demonstration of Albert Einstein's maxim that "It is incomprehensible that Nature is comprehensible". The book shows that the safety factors are much more comprehensible if they are seen in a probabilistic context. Several definitions of the safety factors are given, analytical results on insightful numbers are presented, nonprobabilistic safety factors are shown, as well as their estimates derived by the inequalities of Bienayme, Markov, Chebushev and Camp-Meidell. A special chapter is devoted to important contributions by Japanese experts. This volume will help to critically re-think the issue of safety factors, which can create a false feeling of security. The deterministic paradigm can be enhanced by incorporating probabilistic concepts wisely where they are needed without treating all variables as probabilistic ones. The book shows that there is a need of their integration rather than separation. This book is intended for engineers, graduate students, lecturers and researchers.
How And Why Does Spatial Hearing Ability Differ Among Listeners What Is The Role Of Learning And Multisensory Interactions
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Author : Guillaume Andéol
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-08-29
How And Why Does Spatial Hearing Ability Differ Among Listeners What Is The Role Of Learning And Multisensory Interactions written by Guillaume Andéol and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-29 with Directional hearing categories.
Spatial-hearing ability has been found to vary widely across listeners. A survey of the existing auditory-space perception literature suggests that three main types of factors may account for this variability: - physical factors, e.g., acoustical characteristics related to sound-localization cues, - perceptual factors, e.g., sensory/cognitive processing, perceptual learning, multisensory interactions, - and methodological factors, e.g., differences in stimulus presentation methods across studies. However, the extent to which these–and perhaps other, still unidentified—factors actually contribute to the observed variability in spatial hearing across individuals with normal hearing or within special populations (e.g., hearing-impaired listeners) remains largely unknown. Likewise, the role of perceptual learning and multisensory interactions in the emergence of a multimodal but unified representation of “auditory space,” is still an active topic of research. A better characterization and understanding of the determinants of inter-individual variability in spatial hearing, and of its relationship with perceptual learning and multisensory interactions, would have numerous benefits. In particular, it would enhance the design of rehabilitative devices and of human-machine interfaces involving auditory, or multimodal space perception, such as virtual auditory/multimodal displays in aeronautics, or navigational aids for the visually impaired. For this Research Topic, we have considered manuscripts that: - present new methods, or review existing methods, for the study of inter-individual differences; - present new data (or review existing) data, concerning acoustical features relevant for explaining inter-individual differences in sound-localization performance; - present new (or review existing) psychophysical or neurophysiological findings concerning spatial hearing and/or auditory perceptual learning, and/or multisensory interactions in humans (normal or impaired, young or older listeners) or other species; - discuss the influence of inter-individual differences on the design and use of assistive listening devices (rehabilitation) or human-machine interfaces involving spatial hearing or multimodal perception of space (ergonomy).
Optimization And Anti Optimization Of Structures Under Uncertainty
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Author : Isaac E Elishakoff
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2010-03-08
Optimization And Anti Optimization Of Structures Under Uncertainty written by Isaac E Elishakoff and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-03-08 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The volume presents a collaboration between internationally recognized experts on anti-optimization and structural optimization, and summarizes various novel ideas, methodologies and results studied over 20 years. The book vividly demonstrates how the concept of uncertainty should be incorporated in a rigorous manner during the process of designing real-world structures. The necessity of anti-optimization approach is first demonstrated, then the anti-optimization techniques are applied to static, dynamic and buckling problems, thus covering the broadest possible set of applications. Finally, anti-optimization is fully utilized by a combination of structural optimization to produce the optimal design considering the worst-case scenario. This is currently the only book that covers the combination of optimization and anti-optimization. It shows how various optimization techniques are used in the novel anti-optimization technique, and how the structural optimization can be exponentially enhanced by incorporating the concept of worst-case scenario, thereby increasing the safety of the structures designed in various fields of engineering./a
How And Why
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Author : Michael Trimble
language : en
Publisher: Xlibris Corporation
Release Date : 2000-08-29
How And Why written by Michael Trimble and has been published by Xlibris Corporation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-08-29 with Philosophy categories.
What does it take to be considered 'real'? A physical presence that can be discerned by touch, taste, sound, sight or smell? Are socially important concepts such as justice or morality 'unreal' because they lack the physical traits that would enable us to touch, taste, hear, see or smell them? Are the distinctions many or us draw between non-fiction and fiction reflective of the manner in which we could confidently sort the 'real' from the 'unreal'? Is the apparent capacity of literature, philosophy and theology to influence our behavior as human beings a recurring instance of the allegedly 'unreal' guiding the 'real'? If I am prepared to acknowledge that ideas possess an apparent capacity to influence my own behavior, the viability of seperating the 'real' from the 'unreal' based upon physically extended properties is brought into question. If I dismiss this traditional method for assaying the presence of reality, what am I left with? A reality shared by rocks and emotions, objects of aesthetic expression that range from Michelangelo's "David" to Conan Doyle's "Sherlock Holmes, all of which I knowingly encounter and to each of which I respond in one way or another. Does this behavioral acknowledgment on my part play a role in making each of these entities real? Does my behavior have a role to play in the creation of reality? "How and Why; a layman's look at causation and reality", is a description of how reality is populated and why that population comes about. It is based upon a causal foundation that is characterized by uncertainty. It offers an explanatory paradigm in which novelty and creativity have indispensable roles to play, a paradigm of causal association that can be used to explain but not determine the behavior with which it is affiliated. To be considered 'real', one must possess and exercise the capacity 'to cause', which enables one to substantiate both the 'how' and the 'why' of one's existence as an expression of that singular capacity,
Accounting For Livestock Water Productivity How And Why
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Author : Drastig, K., Vellenga, L., Qualitz, G., Singh, R., Pfister, S., Boulay, A.-M., Wiedemann, S., Prochnow, A., Chapagain, A., De Camillis, C., Opio, C. & Mottet, A.
language : en
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date : 2021-01-22
Accounting For Livestock Water Productivity How And Why written by Drastig, K., Vellenga, L., Qualitz, G., Singh, R., Pfister, S., Boulay, A.-M., Wiedemann, S., Prochnow, A., Chapagain, A., De Camillis, C., Opio, C. & Mottet, A. and has been published by Food & Agriculture Org. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-01-22 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The assessment of water productivity in livestock supply chains has a critical role to play in developing productive and sustainable food production systems worldwide. In particular, the evaluation of water productivity improvement options is key to addressing growing food demand and the projected impacts of climate change under conditions where the availability of land and water resources is increasingly limited. In this report, we review current applications of water productivity analysis in livestock supply chains. To do so, we analysed 50 livestock water productivity studies carried out in various regions of the world from 1993 to the present time. We reviewed the assessment goals, system boundaries, methodological approaches, water flows, modelling tools, databases, livestock species and the main findings in each of the studies. We found that there was no consistency in the methods and approaches used to assess water productivity in livestock production chains. The studies varied widely in terms of their assessment goals, methodology, and the sources of water used for the analysis. The main methodological differences were the inclusion or exclusion of background processes, such as water input and the treatment of precipitation in accounting for water use in livestock production processes. Another key issue was the missing uncertainty assessment, which can be classified as input data uncertainty or model uncertainty, as well as choice uncertainties. The review recommends the further development of guidelines that ensure a consistent and coordinated application of water productivity analysis of livestock production systems world-wide.
Nondeterministic Mechanics
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Author : Isaac Elishakoff
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-07-30
Nondeterministic Mechanics written by Isaac Elishakoff and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-07-30 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Table of contents: Stochastic methods in nonlinear structural dynamics.- Stochastic models of uncertainties in computational structural dynamics and structural acoustics.- The tale of stochastic linearization techniques: over half a century of progress.- Comprehensive modeling of uncertain systems using fuzzy set theory.- Bounding uncertainty in civil engineering: theoretical background and applications.- Combined methods in nondeterministic mechanics. In this book the current state of the art of nondeterministic mechanics in its various forms is presented. The topics range from stochastic problems to fuzzy sets; from linear to nonlinear problems; from specific methodologies to combinations of various techniques; from theoretical considerations to practical applications. It is specially designed to illuminate the various aspects of the three methodologies (probabilistic or stochastic modelling, fuzzy sets based analysis, antioptimization of structures) to deal with various uncertainties and deepen the discussion of their pros and cons.