X Ray Emission From Clusters Of Galaxies
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X Ray Emission From Clusters Of Galaxies
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Author : Craig L. Sarazin
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1988-03-17
X Ray Emission From Clusters Of Galaxies written by Craig L. Sarazin and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988-03-17 with Science categories.
First published in 1988, this book is a comprehensive survey of the astrophysical characteristics of the hot gas which pervades clusters of galaxies. In our universe, clusters of galaxies are the largest organised structures. Typically they comprise hundreds of galaxies moving through a region of space ten million light years in diameter. The volume between the galaxies is filled with gas having a temperature of 100 million degrees. This material is a strong source of cosmic X-rays. Dr Sarazin describes the theoretical description of the origin, dynamics, and physical state of the cluster gas. Observations by radio and optical telescopes are also summarised. This account is addressed to professional astronomers and to graduate students. It is an exhaustive summary of a rapidly expanding field of research in modern astrophysics.
Exploring The X Ray Universe
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Author : Frederick D. Seward
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2010-08-26
Exploring The X Ray Universe written by Frederick D. Seward and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-08-26 with Science categories.
Capturing the excitement and accomplishments of X-ray astronomy, this second edition now includes a broader range of astronomical phenomena and dramatic new results from the most powerful X-ray telescopes. Covering all areas of astronomical research, ranging from the smallest to the largest objects, from neutron stars to clusters of galaxies, this textbook is ideal for undergraduate students. Each chapter starts with the basic aspects of the topic, explores the history of discoveries, and examines in detail modern observations and their significance. This new edition has been updated with results from the most recent space-based instruments, including ROSAT, BeppoSAX, ASCA, Chandra, and XMM. New chapters cover X-ray emission processes, the interstellar medium, the Solar System, and gamma-ray bursts. The text is supported by over 300 figures, with tables listing the properties of the sources, and more specialized technical points separated in boxes.
Cooling Flows In Clusters And Galaxies
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Author : A.C. Fabian
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Cooling Flows In Clusters And Galaxies written by A.C. Fabian and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
X-ray astronomers discovered the diffuse gas in clusters of galaxies about 20 years ago. It was later realized that the central gas density in some clusters, and in elliptical galaxies, is so high that radiative cooling is a significant energy loss. The cooling time of the gas decreases rapidly towards the centre of the cluster or galaxy and is less than a Hubble time within the innermost few hundred kiloparsecs. This results in a cooling flow in which the gas density rises in order to maintain pressure to support the weight of the overlying gas. The rate at which mass is deposited by the flow is inferred to be several hundreds of solar masses per year in some clusters. The fraction of clusters in which cooling flows are found may exceed 50 per cent. Small flows probably occur in most normal elliptical galaxies that are not in rich clusters. The implications of this simple phenomenon are profound, for we appear to be witnessing the ongoing formation of the central galaxy. In particular, since most of the gas is undetected once it cools below about 3 million K, it appears to form dark matter. There is no reason why it should be detectable with current techniques if each cooling proton only recombines once and the matter condenses into objects of low mass.
Extragalactic Astronomy And Cosmology
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Author : Peter Schneider
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-08-16
Extragalactic Astronomy And Cosmology written by Peter Schneider and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-08-16 with Science categories.
This book outlines the fundamentals of this fascinating branch of astronomy, and explores the forefront of astronomical research. The author’s passion for the topic shines with an intensity that rivals the book’s many colourful illustrations, and will deeply inspire the reader. The cogently written text introduces the reader to the astronomy of galaxies, their structure, their active galactic nuclei, their evolution and their large scale distribution. Starting with a detailed description of our Milky Way, and a review of modern observational and theoretical cosmology, the book goes on to examine the formation of structures and astronomical objects in the early universe.
Clusters Of Galaxies Beyond The Thermal View
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Author : Jelle Kaastra
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-05-01
Clusters Of Galaxies Beyond The Thermal View written by Jelle Kaastra and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-05-01 with Science categories.
The existence of soft excess emission originating from clusters of galaxies, de ned as em- sion detected below 1 keV in excess over the usual thermal emission from hot intracluster gas (hereafter the ICM) has been claimed since 1996. Soft excesses are particularly - portant to detect because they may (at least partly) be due to thermal emission from the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium, where as much as half of the baryons of the Universe could be. They are therefore of fundamental cosmological importance. Soft excess emission has been observed (and has also given rise to controversy) in a number of clusters, mainly raising the following questions: (1) Do clusters really show a soft excess? (2) If so, from what spatial region(s) of the cluster does the soft excess or- inate? (3) Is this excess emission thermal, originating from warm-hot intergalactic gas (at 6 temperatures of?10 K), or non-thermal, in which case several emission mechanisms have been proposed. Interestingly, some of the non-thermal mechanisms suggested to account for soft excess emission can also explain the hard X-ray emission detected in some clusters, for example by RXTE and BeppoSAX (also see Petrosian et al. 2008—Chap. 10, this issue; Rephaeli et al. 2008—Chap. 5, this issue).
Nuclear Science Abstracts
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1976
Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1976 with Nuclear energy categories.
Nasa Ep
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Author : United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1985-07
Nasa Ep written by United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985-07 with Aeronautics categories.
Heating Versus Cooling In Galaxies And Clusters Of Galaxies
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Author : Hans Böhringer
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-09-27
Heating Versus Cooling In Galaxies And Clusters Of Galaxies written by Hans Böhringer and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-09-27 with Science categories.
The Universe would be a dull and dark place if the gaseous baryons did not cool, collapse, and form stars and galaxies. However, if this gas is allowed to cool unimpeded at the rate predicted from known atomic physics, in the context of a well-established cosmological model, the gaseous matter would form stars and galaxies with a high e?ciency, so that far more than the observed fraction of about 10–15% of the baryonic matter would be found in luminous stellar systems. Therefore,cooling must be damped or regulatedby heating processes, and observations show that this ‘feedback’ is a widespread astrophysical phenomenon. The place where this cooling and feedback manifests itself most dram- ically is in the inner regions of the most massive Dark Matter halos found in our Universe, in the cores of galaxy clusters. The e?ect of cosmic co- ing in these objects was recognized in the mid-1970s, and the term ‘cooling ?ow’ was introduced by Andy Fabian and colleagues at Cambridge as a p- sible explanation of the physical processes obtained in the central regions of clusters. The name refers to the fact that gas cooling in the inner regions is associated with a loss of central pressure, causing an in?ow of hot gas from larger radii.
Handbook Of X Ray Astronomy
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Author : Keith Arnaud
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2011-09-29
Handbook Of X Ray Astronomy written by Keith Arnaud and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-09-29 with Science categories.
Modern x-ray data, available through online archives, are important for many astronomical topics. However, using these data requires specialized techniques and software. Written for graduate students, professional astronomers and researchers who want to start working in this field, this book is a practical guide to x-ray astronomy. The handbook begins with x-ray optics, basic detector physics and CCDs, before focussing on data analysis. It introduces the reduction and calibration of x-ray data, scientific analysis, archives, statistical issues and the particular problems of highly extended sources. The book describes the main hardware used in x-ray astronomy, emphasizing the implications for data analysis. The concepts behind common x-ray astronomy data analysis software are explained. The appendices present reference material often required during data analysis.