A Framework To Guide Selection Of Chemical Alternatives
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A Framework To Guide Selection Of Chemical Alternatives
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2014-10-29
A Framework To Guide Selection Of Chemical Alternatives written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-29 with Science categories.
Historically, regulations governing chemical use have often focused on widely used chemicals and acute human health effects of exposure to them, as well as their potential to cause cancer and other adverse health effects. As scientific knowledge has expanded there has been an increased awareness of the mechanisms through which chemicals may exert harmful effects on human health, as well as their effects on other species and ecosystems. Identification of high-priority chemicals and other chemicals of concern has prompted a growing number of state and local governments, as well as major companies, to take steps beyond existing hazardous chemical federal legislation. Interest in approaches and policies that ensure that any new substances substituted for chemicals of concern are assessed as carefully and thoroughly as possible has also burgeoned. The overarching goal of these approaches is to avoid regrettable substitutions, which occur when a toxic chemical is replaced by another chemical that later proved unsuitable because of persistence, bioaccumulation, toxicity, or other concerns. Chemical alternative assessments are tools designed to facilitate consideration of these factors to assist stakeholders in identifying chemicals that may have the greatest likelihood of harm to human and ecological health, and to provide guidance on how the industry may develop and adopt safer alternatives. A Framework to Guide Selection of Chemical Alternatives develops and demonstrates a decision framework for evaluating potentially safer substitute chemicals as primarily determined by human health and ecological risks. This new framework is informed by previous efforts by regulatory agencies, academic institutions, and others to develop alternative assessment frameworks that could be operationalized. In addition to hazard assessments, the framework incorporates steps for life-cycle thinking - which considers possible impacts of a chemical at all stages including production, use, and disposal - as well as steps for performance and economic assessments. The report also highlights how modern information sources such as computational modeling can supplement traditional toxicology data in the assessment process. This new framework allows the evaluation of the full range of benefits and shortcomings of substitutes, and examination of tradeoffs between these risks and factors such as product functionality, product efficacy, process safety, and resource use. Through case studies, this report demonstrates how different users in contrasting decision contexts with diverse priorities can apply the framework. This report will be an essential resource to the chemical industry, environmentalists, ecologists, and state and local governments.
Framework To Guide Selection Of Chemical Alternatives
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Framework To Guide Selection Of Chemical Alternatives written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Fundamentals Of Sustainability In Civil Engineering
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Author : Andrew Braham
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2020-12-20
Fundamentals Of Sustainability In Civil Engineering written by Andrew Braham and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-20 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book provides a foundation to understand the development of sustainability in civil engineering, and tools to address the three pillars of sustainability: economics, environment, and society. It includes case studies in the five major areas of civil engineering: environmental, structural, geotechnical, transportation, and construction management. This second edition is updated throughout and adds new chapters on construction engineering as well as an overview of the most common certification programs that revolve around environmental sustainability. Features: Updated throughout and adds two entirely new chapters Presents a review of the most common certification programs in sustainability Offers a blend of numerical and writing-based problems, as well as numerous application-based examples that utilize concepts found on the Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) exam Includes several practical case studies Offers a solution manual for instructors Fundamentals of Sustainability in Civil Engineering is intended for upper-level civil engineering sustainability courses. A unique feature is that concepts found in the Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) exam were targeted to help senior-level students refresh and prepare.
Chemicals Without Harm
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Author : Ken Geiser
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2015-06-05
Chemicals Without Harm written by Ken Geiser and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-06-05 with Political Science categories.
Thousands of synthetic chemicals are used to make our clothing, cosmetics, household products and electronic devices. However, many of these chemicals are hazardous and potentially dangerous to our health and the environment. For fifty years, the conventional approach to hazardous chemicals has focused on regulation, barriers, and control. Today, there is a growing international interest in going beyond a singular focus on toxic and hazardous chemicals and developing broader policies for managing all chemicals. This book proposes a new strategy for chemical management based on changing chemical production and consumption systems.
Using 21st Century Science To Improve Risk Related Evaluations
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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2017-03-16
Using 21st Century Science To Improve Risk Related Evaluations written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-16 with Nature categories.
Over the last decade, several large-scale United States and international programs have been initiated to incorporate advances in molecular and cellular biology, -omics technologies, analytical methods, bioinformatics, and computational tools and methods into the field of toxicology. Similar efforts are being pursued in the field of exposure science with the goals of obtaining more accurate and complete exposure data on individuals and populations for thousands of chemicals over the lifespan; predicting exposures from use data and chemical-property information; and translating exposures between test systems and humans. Using 21st Century Science to Improve Risk-Related Evaluations makes recommendations for integrating new scientific approaches into risk-based evaluations. This study considers the scientific advances that have occurred following the publication of the NRC reports Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century: A Vision and a Strategy and Exposure Science in the 21st Century: A Vision and a Strategy. Given the various ongoing lines of investigation and new data streams that have emerged, this publication proposes how best to integrate and use the emerging results in evaluating chemical risk. Using 21st Century Science to Improve Risk-Related Evaluations considers whether a new paradigm is needed for data validation, how to integrate the divergent data streams, how uncertainty might need to be characterized, and how best to communicate the new approaches so that they are understandable to various stakeholders.
Handbook Of Environmental Sociology
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Author : Beth Schaefer Caniglia
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-11-01
Handbook Of Environmental Sociology written by Beth Schaefer Caniglia and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-11-01 with Social Science categories.
This handbook defines the contours of environmental sociology and invites readers to push boundaries in their exploration of this important subdiscipline. It offers a comprehensive overview of the evolution of environmental sociology and its role in this era of intensified national and global environmental crises. Its timely frameworks and high-impact chapters will assist in navigating this moment of great environmental inequality and uncertainty. The handbook brings together an outstanding group of scholars who have helped redefine the scope of environmental sociology and expand its reach and impact. Their contributions speak to key themes of the subdiscipline—inequality, justice, population, social movements, and health. Chapter topics include environmental demography, food systems, animals and the environment, climate change, disasters, and much more. The emphasis on public environmental sociology and the forward-thinking approach of this collection is what sets this volume apart. This handbook can serve as an introduction for students new to environmental sociology or as an insightful treatment that current experts can use to further their own research and publication. It will leave readers with a strong understanding of environmental sociology and the motivation to apply it to their work.
Handbook On Household Hazardous Waste
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Author : Amy D. Cabaniss
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing PLC
Release Date : 2018-08-10
Handbook On Household Hazardous Waste written by Amy D. Cabaniss and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing PLC this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-08-10 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Household hazardous waste (HHW) is a topic that affects every individual and community given the nearly universal use, storage, and disposal of chemical consumer products. Yet many communities lack the basic information, guidance, and planning support for HHW collection and management so that struggles (e.g., to gain politicians’ and residents’ support, host a collection, build a facility, affect behavior change, and encourage extended producer responsibility) continue on a regular basis. This book is for professionals, students, government officials and others interested in HHW and accommodating the increasing societal demand for this disposal option. In the evolving field of HHW collection and management, this book: provides an unparalleled, comprehensive look at household hazardous wasteis a must-have for anyone interested in the solid waste management field, whether novice or experienced, because of the valuable overview and specifics it provides for addressing the ubiquitous issue of HHWoffers perspectives based on many collective years of experts’ accrued insightthe chapters are written by leading practitioners and visionariesis packed with useful information on many aspects of HHW including its definition, mechanisms for collection and creative collection options, tools for behavior change, and product stewardshipoffers an extensive resource list for more information. Much has changed in 10 years since the first edition appeared, and each chapter in the Handbook on Household Hazardous Waste, Second Edition, is updated to reflect changes and advances in the field of HHW collection and management. This includes updated appendices and the extensive resource list.
Interior Environment And Related Agencies Appropriations For 2016
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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Interior Environment And Related Agencies Appropriations For 2016 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with United States categories.
Interior Environment And Related Agencies Appropriations For 2016 Part 4 A 2015 114 1
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Interior Environment And Related Agencies Appropriations For 2016 Part 4 A 2015 114 1 written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
Green Metrics Volume 11
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2018-05-07
Green Metrics Volume 11 written by and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-05-07 with Science categories.
Volume 11 of the Handbook of Green Chemistry series identifies, explains and expands on green chemistry and engineering metrics, describing how the two work together, backed by numerous practical applications. Up-to-date and authoritative, this ready reference covers the development and application of sustainable chemistry along with engineering metrics in both academia and industry, providing the latest information on fundamental aspects of metrics, practical realizations and example case studies. Additionally, it outlines how metrics have been used to facilitate developments in sustainable and green chemistry. The different concepts of and approaches to metrics are applied to fundamental problems in chemistry and the focus is firmly placed on their use to promote the development and implementation of more sustainable and green chemistry and technology in the production of chemicals and related products. Starting with molecular design, followed by chemical route evaluation, chemical process metrics and product assessment, by the end readers will have a complete set of metrics to choose from as they move a chemical conception to final product. Of high interest to academics and chemists working in industry.