Framework To Guide Selection Of Chemical Alternatives
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A Framework To Guide Selection Of Chemical Alternatives
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2014-10-29
A Framework To Guide Selection Of Chemical Alternatives written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-29 with Science categories.
Historically, regulations governing chemical use have often focused on widely used chemicals and acute human health effects of exposure to them, as well as their potential to cause cancer and other adverse health effects. As scientific knowledge has expanded there has been an increased awareness of the mechanisms through which chemicals may exert harmful effects on human health, as well as their effects on other species and ecosystems. Identification of high-priority chemicals and other chemicals of concern has prompted a growing number of state and local governments, as well as major companies, to take steps beyond existing hazardous chemical federal legislation. Interest in approaches and policies that ensure that any new substances substituted for chemicals of concern are assessed as carefully and thoroughly as possible has also burgeoned. The overarching goal of these approaches is to avoid regrettable substitutions, which occur when a toxic chemical is replaced by another chemical that later proved unsuitable because of persistence, bioaccumulation, toxicity, or other concerns. Chemical alternative assessments are tools designed to facilitate consideration of these factors to assist stakeholders in identifying chemicals that may have the greatest likelihood of harm to human and ecological health, and to provide guidance on how the industry may develop and adopt safer alternatives. A Framework to Guide Selection of Chemical Alternatives develops and demonstrates a decision framework for evaluating potentially safer substitute chemicals as primarily determined by human health and ecological risks. This new framework is informed by previous efforts by regulatory agencies, academic institutions, and others to develop alternative assessment frameworks that could be operationalized. In addition to hazard assessments, the framework incorporates steps for life-cycle thinking - which considers possible impacts of a chemical at all stages including production, use, and disposal - as well as steps for performance and economic assessments. The report also highlights how modern information sources such as computational modeling can supplement traditional toxicology data in the assessment process. This new framework allows the evaluation of the full range of benefits and shortcomings of substitutes, and examination of tradeoffs between these risks and factors such as product functionality, product efficacy, process safety, and resource use. Through case studies, this report demonstrates how different users in contrasting decision contexts with diverse priorities can apply the framework. This report will be an essential resource to the chemical industry, environmentalists, ecologists, and state and local governments.
Framework To Guide Selection Of Chemical Alternatives
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Framework To Guide Selection Of Chemical Alternatives written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Haschek And Rousseaux S Handbook Of Toxicologic Pathology Volume 3 Environmental Toxicologic Pathology And Major Toxicant Classes
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Author : Wanda M. Haschek
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2023-02-24
Haschek And Rousseaux S Handbook Of Toxicologic Pathology Volume 3 Environmental Toxicologic Pathology And Major Toxicant Classes written by Wanda M. Haschek and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-02-24 with Medical categories.
Haschek and Rousseaux's Handbook of Toxicologic Pathology, Fourth Edition, recognized by many as the most authoritative single source of information in the field of toxicologic pathology, has been extensively updated to continue its comprehensive coverage. The fourth edition has been expanded to five separate volumes due to an explosion of information in this field requiring new and updated chapters. Completely revised with a number of new chapters, this book covers the toxicologic pathology of major classes of environmental toxicants. Volumes emphasize the comparative and correlative aspects of normal biology and toxicant-induced dysfunction, principal methods for toxicologic pathology evaluation, and major mechanisms of toxicity. This series comprises the most authoritative reference on toxicologic pathology for pathologists, toxicologists, research scientists, and regulators studying and making decisions on drugs, biologics, medical devices, and other chemicals, including agrochemicals and environmental contaminants. Each volume is being published separately. - Provides updated and revised chapters for in-depth discussions of toxicologic pathology for the protection of the environment and food supplies - Offers high-quality and trusted content in a multi-contributed work written by leading international authorities in all areas of toxicologic pathology - Features hundreds of full-color images in both the print and electronic versions of the book to highlight difficult concepts with clear illustrations
Risk Assessment For Environmental Health
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Author : Mark G. Robson
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2022-12-30
Risk Assessment For Environmental Health written by Mark G. Robson and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-12-30 with Medical categories.
Understanding risk to humans is one of the most important problems in environmental public health. Risk assessment is constantly changing with the advent of new exposure assessment tools, more sophisticated models, and a better understanding of disease processes. Risk assessment is also gaining greater acceptance in the developing world where major environmental problems exist. Developed in partnership with the Association of Schools of Public Health, this comprehensive text offers a thorough survey of risk assessment, management, and communications as these practices apply to public health. Key Features: Provides a practical overview of environmental risk assessment and its application by discussing the process and providing case studies and examples Focuses on tools and approaches used for humans in an environment involving potential chemical hazards Fully updated, the first part introduces the underlying principles and techniques of the field, and the second examines case studies in terms of different risk assessment scenarios Risk assessment is a core requirement for the MPH degree in environmental health Useful “stories” suitable for case studies
Interior Environment And Related Agencies Appropriations For 2017
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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Interior Environment And Related Agencies Appropriations For 2017 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with United States categories.
Toxic Safety
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Author : Alissa Cordner
language : en
Publisher: Columbia University Press
Release Date : 2016-03-29
Toxic Safety written by Alissa Cordner and has been published by Columbia University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-29 with Science categories.
Initially marketed as a life-saving advancement, flame retardants are now mired in controversy. Some argue that data show the chemicals are unsafe while others continue to support their use. The tactics of each side have far-reaching consequences for how we interpret new scientific discoveries. An experienced environmental sociologist, Alissa Cordner conducts more than a hundred interviews with activists, scientists, regulators, and industry professionals to isolate the social, scientific, economic, and political forces influencing environmental health policy today. Introducing "strategic science translation," she describes how stakeholders use scientific evidence to support nonscientific goals and construct "conceptual risk formulas" to shape risk assessment and the interpretation of empirical evidence. A revelatory text for public-health advocates, Toxic Safety demonstrates that while all parties interested in health issues use science to support their claims, they do not compete on a level playing field and even good intentions can have deleterious effects.
Chemicals Without Harm
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Author : Ken Geiser
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2015-06-05
Chemicals Without Harm written by Ken Geiser and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-06-05 with Political Science categories.
Thousands of synthetic chemicals are used to make our clothing, cosmetics, household products and electronic devices. However, many of these chemicals are hazardous and potentially dangerous to our health and the environment. For fifty years, the conventional approach to hazardous chemicals has focused on regulation, barriers, and control. Today, there is a growing international interest in going beyond a singular focus on toxic and hazardous chemicals and developing broader policies for managing all chemicals. This book proposes a new strategy for chemical management based on changing chemical production and consumption systems.
Using 21st Century Science To Improve Risk Related Evaluations
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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2017-03-16
Using 21st Century Science To Improve Risk Related Evaluations written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-16 with Nature categories.
Over the last decade, several large-scale United States and international programs have been initiated to incorporate advances in molecular and cellular biology, -omics technologies, analytical methods, bioinformatics, and computational tools and methods into the field of toxicology. Similar efforts are being pursued in the field of exposure science with the goals of obtaining more accurate and complete exposure data on individuals and populations for thousands of chemicals over the lifespan; predicting exposures from use data and chemical-property information; and translating exposures between test systems and humans. Using 21st Century Science to Improve Risk-Related Evaluations makes recommendations for integrating new scientific approaches into risk-based evaluations. This study considers the scientific advances that have occurred following the publication of the NRC reports Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century: A Vision and a Strategy and Exposure Science in the 21st Century: A Vision and a Strategy. Given the various ongoing lines of investigation and new data streams that have emerged, this publication proposes how best to integrate and use the emerging results in evaluating chemical risk. Using 21st Century Science to Improve Risk-Related Evaluations considers whether a new paradigm is needed for data validation, how to integrate the divergent data streams, how uncertainty might need to be characterized, and how best to communicate the new approaches so that they are understandable to various stakeholders.
Fundamentals Of Sustainability In Civil Engineering
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Author : Andrew Braham
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2020-12-20
Fundamentals Of Sustainability In Civil Engineering written by Andrew Braham and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-20 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book provides a foundation to understand the development of sustainability in civil engineering, and tools to address the three pillars of sustainability: economics, environment, and society. It includes case studies in the five major areas of civil engineering: environmental, structural, geotechnical, transportation, and construction management. This second edition is updated throughout and adds new chapters on construction engineering as well as an overview of the most common certification programs that revolve around environmental sustainability. Features: Updated throughout and adds two entirely new chapters Presents a review of the most common certification programs in sustainability Offers a blend of numerical and writing-based problems, as well as numerous application-based examples that utilize concepts found on the Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) exam Includes several practical case studies Offers a solution manual for instructors Fundamentals of Sustainability in Civil Engineering is intended for upper-level civil engineering sustainability courses. A unique feature is that concepts found in the Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) exam were targeted to help senior-level students refresh and prepare.
Handbook On Household Hazardous Waste
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Author : Amy D. Cabaniss
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing PLC
Release Date : 2018-08-10
Handbook On Household Hazardous Waste written by Amy D. Cabaniss and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing PLC this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-08-10 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Household hazardous waste (HHW) is a topic that affects every individual and community given the nearly universal use, storage, and disposal of chemical consumer products. Yet many communities lack the basic information, guidance, and planning support for HHW collection and management so that struggles (e.g., to gain politicians’ and residents’ support, host a collection, build a facility, affect behavior change, and encourage extended producer responsibility) continue on a regular basis. This book is for professionals, students, government officials and others interested in HHW and accommodating the increasing societal demand for this disposal option. In the evolving field of HHW collection and management, this book: provides an unparalleled, comprehensive look at household hazardous wasteis a must-have for anyone interested in the solid waste management field, whether novice or experienced, because of the valuable overview and specifics it provides for addressing the ubiquitous issue of HHWoffers perspectives based on many collective years of experts’ accrued insightthe chapters are written by leading practitioners and visionariesis packed with useful information on many aspects of HHW including its definition, mechanisms for collection and creative collection options, tools for behavior change, and product stewardshipoffers an extensive resource list for more information. Much has changed in 10 years since the first edition appeared, and each chapter in the Handbook on Household Hazardous Waste, Second Edition, is updated to reflect changes and advances in the field of HHW collection and management. This includes updated appendices and the extensive resource list.