A Guide To Formulation And Application Of Low Surfactant Microemulsions In Cleaning Processes
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A Guide To Formulation And Application Of Low Surfactant Microemulsions In Cleaning Processes
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Author : Anna Klemmer
language : en
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
Release Date : 2014-12-17
A Guide To Formulation And Application Of Low Surfactant Microemulsions In Cleaning Processes written by Anna Klemmer and has been published by Cuvillier Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-12-17 with Science categories.
Surfactants were and still are our inconspicuous companions at macroscopic but more often at microscopic scale. Many technologies are only possible due to surfactant applications, which are of constantly growing scientific and industrial interest for approximately 100 years [1]. Hence, since its definition ‘micro emulsion’ by Schulman [2] optically isotropic surfactant formulations and their variations have become a significant part in today’s society. In nowadays’ most popular sector of nanomaterials surfactants are utilised for productions of such via template strategies [3–10]. Organic synthesis benefits from the immensely huge interfacial area of microemulsions resulting in bigger yields which were not possible before [11–21]. Closely related to organic synthesis, pharmaceutical industries enjoy the benefits of drug delivery via e.g. vesicels which play a major role during drug transport into the blood stream [22–27]. Simpler application of surfactants were reported 1984 where cationic surfactants were utilised as stabiliser for antibiotics [28]. Concerning healthier and conscious nutrition microemulsions are applied for reduction of the caloric value of food [29–39]. Also, to contribute to environmental protection exhaust emissions can be reduced by introducing water and surfactants into fuels [40–42]. Surfactant systems or in most cases microemulsions are very adaptable and can therefore be utilised in their most different states. This chapter gives an insightful introduction into the world of microemulsions.
Surfactant Formulation Engineering Using Hld And Nac
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Author : Edgar Acosta
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2025-04-28
Surfactant Formulation Engineering Using Hld And Nac written by Edgar Acosta and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-04-28 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Surfactants are molecules that contain groups that are water-loving (hydrophilic) and oil-loving (lipophilic). The central question in formulations is often which of the two portions dominate the behavior of the surfactant. For many years that question was answered in terms of the surfactant structure only. However, the modern view is that the hydrophilic-lipophilic nature of the surfactant is the result of surfactant structure and formulation conditions (nature of the oil, temperature, aqueous phase composition) as captured by a semi-empirical equation called the hydrophilic-lipophilic difference (HLD). The HLD is a dimensionless number that indicate the approach to the point where the surfactant inverts its solubility from being water-soluble (negative HLD) to oil-soluble (positive HLD). The HLD alone is a good indicator of how the formulation could behave but it does not produce any formulation property that can be used to predict product performance. The net-average curvature (NAC) are a set of equations that take the value of HLD to predict the properties of the formulation, such as oil (and/or water) solubilization capacity, interfacial tension, phase diagrams, contact angle and others.Surfactant Formulation Engineering using HLD and NAC will not only introduce the reader to HLD-NAC but also to the practical use of these concepts in numerous applications ranging from application in the petroleum industry, to environmental remediation, to food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications, and even nanotechnology. The last part of the book will look at the molecular origins of the empirical terms in HLD via the Integrated Free Energy Model (IFEM). - Concentrates on the HLD and NAC, providing industrially-relevant examples - Provides the only single depository for HLD parameters - Balances theory and application, with insights from both academic and industrial authors - Includes examples relevant to a wide range of fields, with practical guides on how to go from the formulation objective(s) to an actual formulation design
Mixing Process Technology
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Author : Kishore Kar
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2025-07-31
Mixing Process Technology written by Kishore Kar and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-07-31 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Industrial mixing processes often present multiple optimization challenges to producing desirable products. The resulting processes must be cost effective, “first-time right,” and frequently, the designated most-effective technology for the global manufacture of specific products. Mixing Process Technology: A Guide to Industrial Applications shares the authors’ extensive knowledge of mixing research and industrial practice. It features 20 industrial mixing chapters that are purposely light on mixing fundamentals, while heavy on practical mixing applications for practical process design and manufacturing. This text serves as an applied guide to industrial mixing for practitioners who want brief explanations of mixing concepts with real-life examples and software to help perform associated design calculations. This book also: Offers side-by-side discussion of mixing systems including impellers and rotor-stators, as offered by several major manufacturers Describes the authors’ innovative mixer designs to meet manufacturing needs Includes a chapter by a mixer manufacturing representative describing design, sizing, and expensing of industrial mixers Presents a chapter by a mixing equipment manufacturing leader that explains mechanical design considerations in clear terms Contains a chapter on emerging mixing technologies, including mixing via resonant acoustics and controlled cavitation Discusses computational fluid dynamics in mixing with multiple practical examples by a contributing author from a leading pharmaceutical company Includes Excel-based mixing worksheets throughout book examples and Excel-based input/output (mixit-io) interface hosted on the publisher’s website This book is aimed at chemical and process engineers as well as students seeking to understand industrial mixing technology
Surfactant Science
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Author : Steven John Abbott
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Surfactant Science written by Steven John Abbott and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Emulsions categories.
Surfactant Science And Technology
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Author : Drew Myers
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2005-10-28
Surfactant Science And Technology written by Drew Myers and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-10-28 with Technology & Engineering categories.
A general introduction to surfactants, surface activity, and surfactant applications Important advances in the tools available for studying the activity of surfactants has significantly increased scientific understanding of interfaces at the molecular level. However, there is still much to be learned. In this Third Edition of the successful classic, author and expert Drew Myers combines the latest information available in the field of surfactants with his original, accessible text on the subject. Now fully updated to reflect recent developments in working with surfactants in both model and practical systems, the Third Edition of Surfactant Science and Technology provides a solid introduction to the field of surfactant science. Written especially for beginners and nonspecialists who would like a practical but not necessarily comprehensive knowledge of the field, this clear, cogent text conveys the most fundamental and useful concepts of surfactant action and application. New chapters bring readers up to date on current biological and medical applications of surfactants, as well as applications in food science, cosmetics, and other areas. In addition to new chapters, Surfactant Science and Technology includes illustrative problems at the end of each chapter. These problems explain concepts discussed and stimulate imaginative solutions on the part of the reader. A helpful bibliography of supplementary resources for readers who desire more detail has also been included. Surfactant Science and Technology, Third Edition is an invaluable resource for surface and polymer chemists, chemical and industrial engineers, and a wide range of chemistry students.
Pharmaceutical Emulsions And Suspensions
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Author : Françoise Nielloud
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2000-02-25
Pharmaceutical Emulsions And Suspensions written by Françoise Nielloud and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-02-25 with Medical categories.
Analyzes construction of experiments, focusing on variables, models, matrices, and reproducibility. This timely reference systematically examines the basic concepts and theoretical issues, methodologies for experiment and measurement, and practical health applications of emulsions and dispersions-describing formulation problems and identifying potential carriers for the delivery or targeting of new drugs. Evaluates anionic, cationic, and nonionic surfactants as dispersing, emulsifying, foaming, penetrating, and wetting agents. Written by more than 20 international researchers, Pharmaceutical Emulsions and Suspensions discusses uses of macroemulsions and (submicron) microemulsions illuminates delivery devices such as microparticles, nanospheres, liposomes, and mixed micelles investigates the application of self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) introduces techniques for increasing drug solubility with nanosuspensions addresses stabilization, flocculation, and coagulation problems in pharmaceutical and cosmetic suspensions surveys drug delivery by way of dermatological, follicular, and ocular routes explains the pharmacodynamics, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetics in the drug formulation development process compares and contrasts monomeric and micellar adsorption at oil-water interfaces and more! Containing over 1800 references, tables, equations, drawings, and micrographs, Pharmaceutical Emulsions and Suspensions is an ideal resource for pharmacists; physical, surface, colloid, cosmetic, food, and agricultural chemists; and upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in these disciplines.
Handbook Of Formulating Dermal Applications
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Author : Nava Dayan
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2016-12-07
Handbook Of Formulating Dermal Applications written by Nava Dayan and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-12-07 with Science categories.
The conceptualization and formulation of skin care products intended for topical use is a multifaceted and evolving area of science. Formulators must account for myriad skin types, emerging opportunities for product development as well as a very temperamental retail market. Originally published as "Apply Topically" in 2013 (now out of print), this reissued detailed and comprehensive handbook offers a practical approach to the formulation chemist's day-to-day endeavors by: Addressing the innumerable challenges facing the chemist both in design and at the bench, such as formulating with/for specific properties; formulation, processing and production techniques; sensory and elegancy; stability and preservation; color cosmetics; sunscreens; Offering valuable guidance to troubleshooting issues regarding ingredient selection and interaction, regulatory concerns that must be addressed early in development, and the extrapolation of preservative systems, fragrances, stability and texture aids; Exploring the advantages and limitations of raw materials; Addressing scale-up and pilot production process and concerns; Testing and Measurements Methods. The 22 chapters written by industry experts such as Roger L. McMullen, Paul Thau, Hemi Nae, Ada Polla, Howard Epstein, Joseph Albanese, Mark Chandler, Steve Herman, Gary Kelm, Patricia Aikens, and Sam Shefer, along with many others, give the reader and user the ultimate handbook on topical product development.
Preservation Of Surfactant Formulations
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Author : F. Morpeth
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Preservation Of Surfactant Formulations written by F. Morpeth and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Microbes are known to live in an enormous range of environments. Their ability to survive and proliferate in diverse industrial systems is often a surprise to those not exposed to these problems in their work. These systems contain a range of potential carbon sources, one common theme being surfactants. Surfactants are often not the components most prone to spoilage since some systems contain highly susceptible natural components, such as starch and xanthum gum, but the surfactant is a key part of the formulation, and its extensive breakdown usually means that the material is beyond recovery. The aim of this book is to describe in detail all aspects of the preservation of surfactant containing materials. The book should be viewed as being in three discrete sections. • chapters 1-5 deal with and summarise essential background information • chapters 6-11 discuss in detail various end use applications • chapters 12-15 outline the regulatory and toxicology implication associated with the safe handling of preservatives Given the format of the book there is inevitably some duplication of information in the middle section with different authors describing essentially the same phenomena but on different substrates. I hope the reader will find that although different chapters touch on the same topics the information around these areas is sufficiently different to justify their inclusion in this book and to be of interest. It should also demonstrate what can be the most useful source of information, the hard practical experience of the authors.
Microemulsion Systems
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Author : Henri L. Rosano
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1987-03-27
Microemulsion Systems written by Henri L. Rosano and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987-03-27 with Science categories.
Food Emulsifiers And Their Applications
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Author : Richard W Hartel
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-04-17
Food Emulsifiers And Their Applications written by Richard W Hartel and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-17 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Food emulsions have existed since long before people began to process foods for distribution and consumption. Milk, for example, is a natural emulsion/colloid in which a nutritional fat is stabilized by a milk-fat-globule membrane. Early processed foods were developed when people began to explore the art of cuisine. Butter and gravies were early foods used to enhance flavors and aid in cooking. By contrast, food emulsifiers have only recently been recognized for their abil ity to stabilize foods during processing and distribution. As economies of scale emerged, pressures for higher quality and extension of shelf life prodded the de velopment of food emulsifiers and their adjunct technologies. Natural emulsifiers, such as egg and milk proteins and phospholipids, were the first to be generally utilized. Development of technologies for processing oils, such as refining, bleaching, and hydrogenation, led to the design of synthetic food emulsifiers. Formulation of food emulsions has, until recently, been practiced more as an art than a science. The complexity offood systems has been the barrier to funda mental understanding. Scientists have long studied emulsions using pure water, hydrocarbon, and surfactant, but food systems, by contrast, are typically a com plex mixture of carbohydrate, lipid, protein, salts, and acid. Other surface-active ingredients, such as proteins and phospholipids, can demonstrate either syner- XV xvi Preface gistic or deleterious functionality during processing or in the finished food.