A Primer On Memory Consistency And Cache Coherence Second Edition
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A Primer On Memory Consistency And Cache Coherence Second Edition
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Author : Vijay Nagarajan
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-05-31
A Primer On Memory Consistency And Cache Coherence Second Edition written by Vijay Nagarajan and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-05-31 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Many modern computer systems, including homogeneous and heterogeneous architectures, support shared memory in hardware. In a shared memory system, each of the processor cores may read and write to a single shared address space. For a shared memory machine, the memory consistency model defines the architecturally visible behavior of its memory system. Consistency definitions provide rules about loads and stores (or memory reads and writes) and how they act upon memory. As part of supporting a memory consistency model, many machines also provide cache coherence protocols that ensure that multiple cached copies of data are kept up-to-date. The goal of this primer is to provide readers with a basic understanding of consistency and coherence. This understanding includes both the issues that must be solved as well as a variety of solutions. We present both high-level concepts as well as specific, concrete examples from real-world systems. This second edition reflects a decade of advancements since the first edition and includes, among other more modest changes, two new chapters: one on consistency and coherence for non-CPU accelerators (with a focus on GPUs) and one that points to formal work and tools on consistency and coherence.
A Primer On Memory Consistency And Cache Coherence
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Author : Daniel J. Sorin
language : en
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
Release Date : 2011
A Primer On Memory Consistency And Cache Coherence written by Daniel J. Sorin and has been published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Computers categories.
Many modern computer systems and most multicore chips (chip multiprocessors) support shared memory in hardware. In a shared memory system, each of the processor cores may read and write to a single shared address space. For a shared memory machine, the memory consistency model defines the architecturally visible behavior of its memory system. Consistency definitions provide rules about loads and stores (or memory reads and writes) and how they act upon memory. As part of supporting a memory consistency model, many machines also provide cache coherence protocols that ensure that multiple cached copies of data are kept up-to-date. The goal of this primer is to provide readers with a basic understanding of consistency and coherence. This understanding includes both the issues that must be solved as well as a variety of solutions. We present both highlevel concepts as well as specific, concrete examples from real-world systems. Table of Contents: Preface / Introduction to Consistency and Coherence / Coherence Basics / Memory Consistency Motivation and Sequential Consistency / Total Store Order and the x86 Memory Model / Relaxed Memory Consistency / Coherence Protocols / Snooping Coherence Protocols / Directory Coherence Protocols / Advanced Topics in Coherence / Author Biographies
A Primer On Memory Consistency And Cache Coherence
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Author : Daniel Sorin
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-11-10
A Primer On Memory Consistency And Cache Coherence written by Daniel Sorin and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-11-10 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Many modern computer systems and most multicore chips (chip multiprocessors) support shared memory in hardware. In a shared memory system, each of the processor cores may read and write to a single shared address space. For a shared memory machine, the memory consistency model defines the architecturally visible behavior of its memory system. Consistency definitions provide rules about loads and stores (or memory reads and writes) and how they act upon memory. As part of supporting a memory consistency model, many machines also provide cache coherence protocols that ensure that multiple cached copies of data are kept up-to-date. The goal of this primer is to provide readers with a basic understanding of consistency and coherence. This understanding includes both the issues that must be solved as well as a variety of solutions. We present both highlevel concepts as well as specific, concrete examples from real-world systems. Table of Contents: Preface / Introduction to Consistency and Coherence / Coherence Basics / Memory Consistency Motivation and Sequential Consistency / Total Store Order and the x86 Memory Model / Relaxed Memory Consistency / Coherence Protocols / Snooping Coherence Protocols / Directory Coherence Protocols / Advanced Topics in Coherence / Author Biographies
Proceedings Of The 24th Conference On Formal Methods In Computer Aided Design Fmcad 2024
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Author : Nina Narodytska
language : en
Publisher: TU Wien Academic Press
Release Date : 2024-10-01
Proceedings Of The 24th Conference On Formal Methods In Computer Aided Design Fmcad 2024 written by Nina Narodytska and has been published by TU Wien Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-10-01 with Computers categories.
Die Proceedings zur Konferenz „Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design 2024“ geben aktuelle Einblicke in ein spannendes Forschungsfeld. Zum fünften Mal erscheinen die Beiträge der Konferenzreihe „Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design“ (FMCAD) als Konferenzband bei TU Wien Academic Press. Der aktuelle Band der seit 2006 jährlich veranstalteten Konferenzreihe präsentiert in 35 Beiträgen neueste wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse aus dem Bereich des computergestützten Entwerfens. Die Beiträge behandeln formale Aspekte des computergestützten Systemdesigns einschließlich Verifikation, Spezifikation, Synthese und Test. Die FMCAD-Konferenz findet im Oktober 2024 in Prag, Tschechische Republik, statt. Sie gilt als führendes Forum im Bereich des computer-aided design und bietet seit ihrer Gründung Forschenden sowohl aus dem akademischen als auch dem industriellen Umfeld die Möglichkeit, sich auszutauschen und zu vernetzen.
A Primer On Memory Persistency
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Author : Vaibhav Gogte
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-06-01
A Primer On Memory Persistency written by Vaibhav Gogte and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book introduces readers to emerging persistent memory (PM) technologies that promise the performance of dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) with the durability of traditional storage media, such as hard disks and solid-state drives (SSDs). Persistent memories (PMs), such as Intel's Optane DC persistent memories, are commercially available today. Unlike traditional storage devices, PMs can be accessed over a byte-addressable load-store interface with access latency that is comparable to DRAM. Unfortunately, existing hardware and software systems are ill-equipped to fully avail the potential of these byte-addressable memory technologies as they have been designed to access traditional storage media over a block-based interface. Several mechanisms have been explored in the research literature over the past decade to design hardware and software systems that provide high-performance access to PMs.Because PMs are durable, they can retain data across failures, such as power failures and program crashes. Upon a failure, recovery mechanisms may inspect PM data, reconstruct state and resume program execution. Correct recovery of data requires that operations to the PM are properly ordered during normal program execution. Memory persistency models define the order in which memory operations are performed at the PM. Much like memory consistency models, memory persistency models may be relaxed to improve application performance. Several proposals have emerged recently to design memory persistency models for hardware and software systems and for high-level programming languages. These proposals differ in several key aspects; they relax PM ordering constraints, introduce varying programmability burden, and introduce differing granularity of failure atomicity for PM operations.This primer provides a detailed overview of the various classes of the memory persistency models, their implementations in hardware, programming languages and software systems proposed in the recent research literature, and the PM ordering techniques employed by modern processors.
The Cache Memory Book
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Author : Jim Handy
language : en
Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann
Release Date : 1998-01-13
The Cache Memory Book written by Jim Handy and has been published by Morgan Kaufmann this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998-01-13 with Computers categories.
The Second Edition of The Cache Memory Book introduces systems designers to the concepts behind cache design. The book teaches the basic cache concepts and more exotic techniques. It leads readers through someof the most intricate protocols used in complex multiprocessor caches. Written in an accessible, informal style, this text demystifies cache memory design by translating cache concepts and jargon into practical methodologies and real-life examples. It also provides adequate detail to serve as a reference book for ongoing work in cache memory design. The Second Edition includes an updated and expanded glossary of cache memory terms and buzzwords. The book provides new real world applications of cache memory design and a new chapter on cache"tricks". Illustrates detailed example designs of caches Provides numerous examples in the form of block diagrams, timing waveforms, state tables, and code traces Defines and discusses more than 240 cache specific buzzwords, comparing in detail the relative merits of different design methodologies Includes an extensive glossary, complete with clear definitions, synonyms, and references to the appropriate text discussions
High Performance Parallel Runtimes
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Author : Michael Klemm
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2021-02-08
High Performance Parallel Runtimes written by Michael Klemm and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-08 with Computers categories.
This book focuses on the theoretical and practical aspects of parallel programming systems for today's high performance multi-core processors and discusses the efficient implementation of key algorithms needed to implement parallel programming models. Such implementations need to take into account the specific architectural aspects of the underlying computer architecture and the features offered by the execution environment. This book briefly reviews key concepts of modern computer architecture, focusing particularly on the performance of parallel codes as well as the relevant concepts in parallel programming models. The book then turns towards the fundamental algorithms used to implement the parallel programming models and discusses how they interact with modern processors. While the book will focus on the general mechanisms, we will mostly use the Intel processor architecture to exemplify the implementation concepts discussed but will present other processor architectures where appropriate. All algorithms and concepts are discussed in an easy to understand way with many illustrative examples, figures, and source code fragments. The target audience of the book is students in Computer Science who are studying compiler construction, parallel programming, or programming systems. Software developers who have an interest in the core algorithms used to implement a parallel runtime system, or who need to educate themselves for projects that require the algorithms and concepts discussed in this book will also benefit from reading it. You can find the source code for this book at https://github.com/parallel-runtimes/lomp.
Robotic Computing On Fpgas
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Author : Shaoshan Liu
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-05-31
Robotic Computing On Fpgas written by Shaoshan Liu and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-05-31 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book provides a thorough overview of the state-of-the-art field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based robotic computing accelerator designs and summarizes their adopted optimized techniques. This book consists of ten chapters, delving into the details of how FPGAs have been utilized in robotic perception, localization, planning, and multi-robot collaboration tasks. In addition to individual robotic tasks, this book provides detailed descriptions of how FPGAs have been used in robotic products, including commercial autonomous vehicles and space exploration robots.
Deep Learning Systems
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Author : Andres Rodriguez
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-05-31
Deep Learning Systems written by Andres Rodriguez and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-05-31 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book describes deep learning systems: the algorithms, compilers, and processor components to efficiently train and deploy deep learning models for commercial applications. The exponential growth in computational power is slowing at a time when the amount of compute consumed by state-of-the-art deep learning (DL) workloads is rapidly growing. Model size, serving latency, and power constraints are a significant challenge in the deployment of DL models for many applications. Therefore, it is imperative to codesign algorithms, compilers, and hardware to accelerate advances in this field with holistic system-level and algorithm solutions that improve performance, power, and efficiency. Advancing DL systems generally involves three types of engineers: (1) data scientists that utilize and develop DL algorithms in partnership with domain experts, such as medical, economic, or climate scientists; (2) hardware designers that develop specialized hardware to accelerate the components in the DL models; and (3) performance and compiler engineers that optimize software to run more efficiently on a given hardware. Hardware engineers should be aware of the characteristics and components of production and academic models likely to be adopted by industry to guide design decisions impacting future hardware. Data scientists should be aware of deployment platform constraints when designing models. Performance engineers should support optimizations across diverse models, libraries, and hardware targets. The purpose of this book is to provide a solid understanding of (1) the design, training, and applications of DL algorithms in industry; (2) the compiler techniques to map deep learning code to hardware targets; and (3) the critical hardware features that accelerate DL systems. This book aims to facilitate co-innovation for the advancement of DL systems. It is written for engineers working in one or more of these areas who seek to understand the entire system stack in order to bettercollaborate with engineers working in other parts of the system stack. The book details advancements and adoption of DL models in industry, explains the training and deployment process, describes the essential hardware architectural features needed for today's and future models, and details advances in DL compilers to efficiently execute algorithms across various hardware targets. Unique in this book is the holistic exposition of the entire DL system stack, the emphasis on commercial applications, and the practical techniques to design models and accelerate their performance. The author is fortunate to work with hardware, software, data scientist, and research teams across many high-technology companies with hyperscale data centers. These companies employ many of the examples and methods provided throughout the book.
Ai For Computer Architecture
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Author : Lizhong Chen
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-05-31
Ai For Computer Architecture written by Lizhong Chen and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-05-31 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Artificial intelligence has already enabled pivotal advances in diverse fields, yet its impact on computer architecture has only just begun. In particular, recent work has explored broader application to the design, optimization, and simulation of computer architecture. Notably, machine-learning-based strategies often surpass prior state-of-the-art analytical, heuristic, and human-expert approaches. This book reviews the application of machine learning in system-wide simulation and run-time optimization, and in many individual components such as caches/memories, branch predictors, networks-on-chip, and GPUs. The book further analyzes current practice to highlight useful design strategies and identify areas for future work, based on optimized implementation strategies, opportune extensions to existing work, and ambitious long term possibilities. Taken together, these strategies and techniques present a promising future for increasingly automated computer architecture designs.