Abstract Terms And Abstract Entities
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Abstract Entities
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Author : Sam Cowling
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-02-03
Abstract Entities written by Sam Cowling and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-02-03 with Philosophy categories.
Think of a number, any number, or properties like fragility and humanity. These and other abstract entities are radically different from concrete entities like electrons and elbows. While concrete entities are located in space and time, have causes and effects, and are known through empirical means, abstract entities like meanings and possibilities are remarkably different. They seem to be immutable and imperceptible and to exist "outside" of space and time. This book provides a comprehensive critical assessment of the problems raised by abstract entities and the debates about existence, truth, and knowledge that surround them. It sets out the key issues that inform the metaphysical disagreement between platonists who accept abstract entities and nominalists who deny abstract entities exist. Beginning with the essentials of the platonist–nominalist debate, it explores the key arguments and issues informing the contemporary debate over abstract reality: arguments for platonism and their connections to semantics, science, and metaphysical explanation the abstract–concrete distinction and views about the nature of abstract reality epistemological puzzles surrounding our knowledge of mathematical entities and other abstract entities. arguments for nominalism premised upon concerns about paradox, parsimony, infinite regresses, underdetermination, and causal isolation nominalist options that seek to dispense with abstract entities. Including chapter summaries, annotated further reading, and a glossary, Abstract Entities is essential reading for anyone seeking a clear and authoritative introduction to the problems raised by abstract entities.
Reference To Abstract Objects In Discourse
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Author : Nicholas Asher
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 1993-04-30
Reference To Abstract Objects In Discourse written by Nicholas Asher and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-04-30 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This volume is about abstract objects and the ways we refer to them in natural language. Asher develops a semantical and metaphysical analysis of these entities in two stages. The first reflects the rich ontology of abstract objects necessitated by the forms of language in which we think and speak. A second level of analysis maps the ontology of natural language metaphysics onto a sparser domain--a more systematic realm of abstract objects that are fully analyzed. This second level reflects the commitments of real metaphysics. The models for these commitments assign truth conditions to natural language discourse. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Types And Tokens
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Author : Linda Wetzel
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2009-07-31
Types And Tokens written by Linda Wetzel and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-07-31 with Philosophy categories.
A consideration of the distinction between the spatiotemporal furniture of the world (tokens) and the types of which they are instances, and an argument that types exist. There is a widely recognized but infrequently discussed distinction between the spatiotemporal furniture of the world (tokens) and the types of which they are instances. Words come in both types and tokens—for example, there is only one word type 'the' but there are numerous tokens of it on this page—as do symphonies, bears, chess games, and many other types of things. In this book, Linda Wetzel examines the distinction between types and tokens and argues that types exist (as abstract objects, since they lack a unique spatiotemporal location). Wetzel demonstrates the ubiquity of references to (and quantifications over) types in science and ordinary language; types have to be reckoned with, and cannot simply be swept under the rug. Wetzel argues that there are such things as types by undermining the epistemological arguments against abstract objects and offering extended original arguments demonstrating the failure of nominalistic attempts to paraphrase away such references to (and quantifications over) types. She then focuses on the relation between types and their tokens, especially for words, showing for the first time that there is nothing that all tokens of a type need have in common other than being tokens of that type. Finally, she considers an often-overlooked problem for realism having to do with types occurring in other types (such as words in a sentence) and proposes an important and original solution, extending her discussion from words and expressions to other types that structurally involve other types (flags and stars and stripes; molecules and atoms; sonatas and notes).
Abstract Objects And The Semantics Of Natural Language
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Author : Friederike Moltmann
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2013-03-28
Abstract Objects And The Semantics Of Natural Language written by Friederike Moltmann and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-28 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Friederike Moltmann presents an original approach to philosophical issues to do with abstract objects. She focuses on natural language, and finds that reference to abstract objects such as properties, numbers, and propositions is much more restricted than is generally thought, and she offers a substantially new ontological picture.
Abstract Terms And Abstract Entities
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Author : Harry Alexander Beatty
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1969
Abstract Terms And Abstract Entities written by Harry Alexander Beatty and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1969 with Abstraction categories.
Abstract Objects
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Author : E. Zalta
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 1983-06-30
Abstract Objects written by E. Zalta and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983-06-30 with Philosophy categories.
In this book, I attempt to lay the axiomatic foundations of metaphysics by developing and applying a (formal) theory of abstract objects. The cornerstones include a principle which presents precise conditions under which there are abstract objects and a principle which says when apparently distinct such objects are in fact identical. The principles are constructed out of a basic set of primitive notions, which are identified at the end of the Introduction, just before the theorizing begins. The main reason for producing a theory which defines a logical space of abstract objects is that it may have a great deal of explanatory power. It is hoped that the data explained by means of the theory will be of interest to pure and applied metaphysicians, logicians and linguists, and pure and applied epistemologists. The ideas upon which the theory is based are not essentially new. They can be traced back to Alexius Meinong and his student, Ernst Mally, the two most influential members of a school of philosophers and psychologists working in Graz in the early part of the twentieth century. They investigated psychological, abstract and non-existent objects - a realm of objects which weren't being taken seriously by Anglo-American philoso phers in the Russell tradition. I first took the views of Meinong and Mally seriously in a course on metaphysics taught by Terence Parsons at the University of Massachusetts/Amherst in the Fall of 1978. Parsons had developed an axiomatic version of Meinong's naive theory of objects.
Abstract Entities
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Author : Sam Cowling
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2017-02-03
Abstract Entities written by Sam Cowling and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-02-03 with Mathematics categories.
The problem of abstract entities or objects is at the very heart of metaphysics, raising fundamental questions about existence and ontology.Some deny the very existence of abstract entities, others that there is a multitude of abstract entities. This book provides a thorough introduction to the problem of abstract entities, examining the fundamental theories and debates concerning them and weighing up competing arguments and solutions.
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: IOS Press
Release Date :
written by and has been published by IOS Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Reference To Abstract Objects In Discourse
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Author : Nicholas Asher
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Reference To Abstract Objects In Discourse written by Nicholas Asher and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Philosophy categories.
Reference to Abstract Objects in Discourse presents a novel framework and analysis of the ways we refer to abstract objects in natural language discourse. The book begins with a typology of abstract objects and related entities like eventualities. After an introduction to `bottom up, compositional' discourse representation theory (DRT) and to previous work on abstract objects in DRT (notably work on the semantics of the attitudes), the book turns to a semantic analysis of eventuality and abstract object denoting nominals in English. The book then substantially revises and extends the dynamic semantic framework of DRT to develop an analysis of anaphoric reference to abstract objects and eventualities that exploits discourse structure and the discourse relations that obtain between elements of the structure. A dynamic, semantically based theory of discourse structure (SDRT) is proposed, along with many illustrative examples. Two further chapters then provide the analysis of anaphoric reference to propositions VP ellipsis. The abstract entity anaphoric antecedents are elements of the discourse structures that SDRT develops. The final chapter discusses some logical and philosophical difficulties for a semantic analysis of reference to abstract objects. For semanticists, philosophers of language, computer scientists interested in natural language applications and discourse, philosophical logicians, graduate students in linguistics, philosophy, cognitive science and artificial intelligence.
The Dialectics Of The Abstract And The Concrete In Marx S Capital
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Author : E. V. Ilyenkov
language : en
Publisher: Aakar Books
Release Date : 2008
The Dialectics Of The Abstract And The Concrete In Marx S Capital written by E. V. Ilyenkov and has been published by Aakar Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Capital categories.
The book presents an integral Marxist conception of the dialectics and methodology of scientific theoretical cognition, of the dialectical interrelation between the abstract and the concrete, of the unity of the historical and the logical, of the correlat