Accounting For The Rapid Reduction Of Child Stunting In Tanzania Over 2005 2016

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Accounting For The Rapid Reduction Of Child Stunting In Tanzania Over 2005 2016

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Author : Derek Headey
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2019-10-16

Accounting For The Rapid Reduction Of Child Stunting In Tanzania Over 2005 2016 written by Derek Headey and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-16 with Political Science categories.

This research was undertaken in order to understand what factors have been driving stunting reduction in Tanzania over the recent past (2005-2015), and what can further accelerate progress against undernutrition in the near future (2015-2025). Chronic undernutrition in early childhood - often indicated by stunting - has highly detrimental consequences for long-term physical and cognitive development, school attendance and performance, and labor productivity and wages in adulthood. Understanding how countries have been able to successfully reduce stunting prevalence, and how they can accelerate this success in the future, are therefore critically important research questions. During the past decade, Tanzania has experienced rapid change in the nutrition status of children 0-5 years, particularly since 2010. Stunting declining from 44.3% in 2004-05 to 42.0% in 2010, before dropping sharply to 34.4% in 2015-16, a decline of 0.9 percentage points per year. This encouraging trend begs the main research question motivating this paper: what explains this progress? We address this question with a quantitative approach built upon both parametric and non-parametric regression techniques, and a simple linear regression decomposition at means. Previous studies applying this approach in South Asia have demonstrated the paramount importance of improvements in household wealth, parental education, maternal and child health care, and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). However, a novel contribution of the study is the consideration of infectious diseases, including malaria and HIV/AIDS: both diseases were very common in 2005, yet both saw dramatic improvements in prevention and treatment efforts in subsequent years. We show that proxies for the prevention/treatment of these diseases account for the largest share of the predicted reduction in stunting over 2005-16, that prevention of both diseases is associated with improvements in early childhood nutrition (suggestive of improvements in birth size and growth in early infancy), and that the apparent effects of these public health efforts are larger in regions where the diseases are more prevalent. In contrast, the apparent effects of household wealth, parental education, maternal and child health care and WASH are more important in explaining stunting reduction among older children. Finally, we go beyond historical decompositions by using the regression results to project alternative stunting reduction scenarios to 2025. If trends over 2005-2015 were to continue, Tanzania would fail to achieve the WHA target of a 40% reduction in stunting by 2025. However, an accelerated socio-economic development scenario - in which Tanzania achieves faster progress in a wide range of sectors, including improved child feeding - could achieve the WHA target and see stunting rates fall by a further 14 percentage points by 2025. These results reaffirm that solving stunting requires rapid and coordinated progress in multiple sectors, including nutrition-specific actions and a wide range of nutrition-sensitive actions.

Accounting For The Rapid Reduction Of Child Stunting In Tanzania Over 2005 2016

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Author : Derek Headey
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019

Accounting For The Rapid Reduction Of Child Stunting In Tanzania Over 2005 2016 written by Derek Headey and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.

Analysis Of The Drivers Of Change In Women S Anemia In Tanzania 2005 2015

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Author : Jessica Heckert
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2019-10-16

Analysis Of The Drivers Of Change In Women S Anemia In Tanzania 2005 2015 written by Jessica Heckert and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-16 with Political Science categories.

Although the prevalence of anemia among women of reproductive age in Tanzania remains high, there have been documented improvements. It declined from 47.2% in 2004-05 to 40.1% 2010, but by 2016 it has risen again to 44.8%, according to the nationally representative Demographic and Health Surveys from those years. Women’s anemia can lead to many detrimental consequences, including decreased work productivity, mortality, postpartum hemorrhage, and adverse birth outcomes. Thus, it is important to document the factors that may have contributed to improvements in anemia status. Using a regression decomposition approach, which previously has been applied to identifying potential drivers of changes in stunting, we examine which improvements in the underlying determinants of anemia contributed to improvements in the overall prevalence of anemia among women of reproductive age in Tanzania. This study is the first known application of this methodology to understanding changes in the prevelance of anemia. Among all adult women, the largest contributers of change from factors we could include in our models were increases in wealth and education, use of hormonal contraceptives, and the decrease in the proportion of women who are currently pregnant or postpartum (i.e., from the decrease in fertility rates). Notably, use of hormonal contraceptives was least common among the poorest quintile. Additionally, change was attributable to reductions in infection, specifically fever and improvements in open defecation. Among older adolescent girls (15-19 years), the largest share in the improvements in anemia were attributable to education and wealth increases. Among postpartum women, we were limited by the sample size, but found that attending all four antenatal care visits and being administered medications to prevent malaria during pregnancy were important determinants of improved hemoglobin levels.

Strengthening Country Commitment To Human Development

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Author : Richard Heaver
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2005-01-01

Strengthening Country Commitment To Human Development written by Richard Heaver and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-01-01 with Medical categories.

Annotation Technical and economic issues get the lion's share of attention in designing poverty reduction programs. Yet politicians, bureaucrats, or communities are not committed to implementing them well. This book draws attention to this gap in analysis and planning and suggests practical ways, based on country experience, to build commitment.

Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 2

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Author : Robert Black
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2016-04-11

Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 2 written by Robert Black and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-11 with Medical categories.

The evaluation of reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH) by the Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (DCP3) focuses on maternal conditions, childhood illness, and malnutrition. Specifically, the chapters address acute illness and undernutrition in children, principally under age 5. It also covers maternal mortality, morbidity, stillbirth, and influences to pregnancy and pre-pregnancy. Volume 3 focuses on developments since the publication of DCP2 and will also include the transition to older childhood, in particular, the overlap and commonality with the child development volume. The DCP3 evaluation of these conditions produced three key findings: 1. There is significant difficulty in measuring the burden of key conditions such as unintended pregnancy, unsafe abortion, nonsexually transmitted infections, infertility, and violence against women. 2. Investments in the continuum of care can have significant returns for improved and equitable access, health, poverty, and health systems. 3. There is a large difference in how RMNCH conditions affect different income groups; investments in RMNCH can lessen the disparity in terms of both health and financial risk.

The State Of Food Security And Nutrition In The World 2020

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Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
language : en
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date : 2020-07-01

The State Of Food Security And Nutrition In The World 2020 written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and has been published by Food & Agriculture Org. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-01 with Political Science categories.

Updates for many countries have made it possible to estimate hunger in the world with greater accuracy this year. In particular, newly accessible data enabled the revision of the entire series of undernourishment estimates for China back to 2000, resulting in a substantial downward shift of the series of the number of undernourished in the world. Nevertheless, the revision confirms the trend reported in past editions: the number of people affected by hunger globally has been slowly on the rise since 2014. The report also shows that the burden of malnutrition in all its forms continues to be a challenge. There has been some progress for child stunting, low birthweight and exclusive breastfeeding, but at a pace that is still too slow. Childhood overweight is not improving and adult obesity is on the rise in all regions. The report complements the usual assessment of food security and nutrition with projections of what the world may look like in 2030, if trends of the last decade continue. Projections show that the world is not on track to achieve Zero Hunger by 2030 and, despite some progress, most indicators are also not on track to meet global nutrition targets. The food security and nutritional status of the most vulnerable population groups is likely to deteriorate further due to the health and socio economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. The report puts a spotlight on diet quality as a critical link between food security and nutrition. Meeting SDG 2 targets will only be possible if people have enough food to eat and if what they are eating is nutritious and affordable. The report also introduces new analysis of the cost and affordability of healthy diets around the world, by region and in different development contexts. It presents valuations of the health and climate-change costs associated with current food consumption patterns, as well as the potential cost savings if food consumption patterns were to shift towards healthy diets that include sustainability considerations. The report then concludes with a discussion of the policies and strategies to transform food systems to ensure affordable healthy diets, as part of the required efforts to end both hunger and all forms of malnutrition.

Tanzania National Nutrition Survey 2018

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Author : Tanzania. Ofisi ya Taifa ya Takwimu
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019

Tanzania National Nutrition Survey 2018 written by Tanzania. Ofisi ya Taifa ya Takwimu and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.

Integrated Management Of Acute Malnutrition

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Author : Tanzania. Wizara ya Afya, Maendeleo ya Jamii, Jinsia, Wazee na Watoto
language : sw
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018

Integrated Management Of Acute Malnutrition written by Tanzania. Wizara ya Afya, Maendeleo ya Jamii, Jinsia, Wazee na Watoto and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Children categories.

Reducing Child Malnutrition In Tanzania

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Author : Harold Alderman
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2005

Reducing Child Malnutrition In Tanzania written by Harold Alderman and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Children categories.

Malnutrition is associated with an inadequate diet, poor health and sanitation services, and insufficient care for young children. A combination of income growth and nutrition interventions are therefore suggested to adequately tackle this issue, yet evidence to support this claim is often not available, especially for African settings. The authors evaluate the joint contribution of income growth and nutrition interventions toward the reduction of malnutrition. Using a four-round panel data set from northwestern Tanzania they estimate the determinants of a child's nutritional status, including household income and the presence of nutrition interventions in the community. The results show that better nutrition is associated with higher income, and that nutrition interventions have a substantial beneficial effect. Policy simulations make clear that if one intends to halve malnutrition rates by 2015 (the Millennium Development Goals objective), income growth will have to be complemented by large-scale program interventions.

Reducing Child Malnutrition In Tanzania

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Author : Harold Alderman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012

Reducing Child Malnutrition In Tanzania written by Harold Alderman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.

Malnutrition is associated with an inadequate diet, poor health and sanitation services, and insufficient care for young children. A combination of income growth and nutrition interventions are therefore suggested to adequately tackle this issue, yet evidence to support this claim is often not available, especially for African settings. The authors evaluate the joint contribution of income growth and nutrition interventions toward the reduction of malnutrition. Using a four-round panel data set from northwestern Tanzania they estimate the determinants of a child's nutritional status, including household income and the presence of nutrition interventions in the community. The results show that better nutrition is associated with higher income, and that nutrition interventions have a substantial beneficial effect. Policy simulations make clear that if one intends to halve malnutrition rates by 2015 (the Millennium Development Goals objective), income growth will have to be complemented by large-scale program interventions.